TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Author: FERNÁNDEZ MOLINA MIGUEL ANGEL.
Year: 2005.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ESCUELA DE ENFERMERÍA.

Summary: The study intersects íntimimamente two disciplines científicas-la Anthropology and Nursing-focusing on cultural diversity arising from the phenomenon of immigration in the context of Alicante and their potential impact on the scope of a public hospital. General Hospital Universitario de Alicante (HGUA). In January 1, 2005 foreigners registered accounted throughout the state 8.4% (3691547) in the Community of Valencia 12.3% (572,853) and Alicante 18.5% (319,208). The cultures of different peoples and their concept of health and disease vary according to their origin, as well, from the perspective of the Transcultural Nursing, it is responding to the research question: Do you or is not providing care culturally congruent Design. A descriptive and comparative phenomenological. Field Study, HGUA is the provincial center of reference for 1,727,808 people which is the second of the Valencian Community in number of beds (810). Methodology is considered complementariesda of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative Methods: Retrospective descriptive analysis of the years 2001 to 2004 from foreign patients admitted, information analysis at discharge. Analysis of Census 2001 data and the roll 2003.2004 and 2005 of NSI; descriptive study transverse through issues nurses. Method Caulitativo, phenomenological study using ethnography and ethnology: application of techniques such as Obsevación Direct, Participant Observation, interviews Open Structured Interviews Stories of Life, Group Discussion and Analysis of content. Results: 1. It has demonstrated the existence in HGUA a significant and growing cultural diversity among their patients detected cuiddos different (different) and universal (like) foreigners. 2. In 2004, 7.75% of revenues were foreigners and between January 2001 and June 2004 there were 8,172 income (for 5794 patients) of 91 nationalities in 57 facilities, with an average age of 42.69 years, 49% foreigners were not community and 25% were residents or tourists from the European Union. Countries with more earnings were Morocco (10.4% of foreigners), Colombia (8.5%), France (8.0%) Ecuador (7.9%) and the United Kingdom (6.9%). Medical service with more revenue was Obstetrics (17.49% of foreigners) followed by Gynecology (8.11%) -sumando both at 25.6% of all cases, followed by General Surgery (6.16%) Unit Short Stay (5.8%) Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (3.89%) has 57 facilities and Medical Surgical. 3. Despite the fact that 18.5% of the population in the province of Alicante is foreign, just enter a 7.75%, which challenges the perception that immigrants Copan hospital resources, nor are carriers of serious infectious diseases, rare and even eradicated since the casuistry (DRA's) found not moving in that direction. 4. The foreign patients retain their cultural heritage during admission and live episode of care differently in some cases as evidenced by the study etnoenfermero done. 5. The HGUA has dedicated resources to foreigners who can be expanded. 6. The nurses are aware of cultural differences. 7. They are incorporating cultural aspects in it Nursing Process. 8. The need has been identified to train professional skill which preserve, accommodate or remodel their citizens and foreign patients express their desire to acquire cultural competence. Finally, professionals propose recommendations and suggestions for improving the care of foreign patients, knowing that is 8 masters prev 29b and a fenómen.

Author: LILLO CRESPO MANUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA.

Summary: This study focuses on the sociocultural characteristics, evaluation of the content and providing culturally competent nursing interventions towards the Dutch patient's "Emergency Plan Intereuropeo", a phenomenon of social and geographical mobility emerged from the problem of waiting lists As for surgical trauma that exists in the Dutch Health System. The philosophy of this project is based onthe mobility of these patients to the clinic Vistahermosa of Alicante-entidad private española-con intended to carry out these intevenciones and reduce the waiting time inside the country. These patients during their admission to the institution of Alicante interact with a professional nursing culturally different in that regard giving a "culture shock" for causing the differences and similarities between the two cultures sometimes. No jobs were found to address the issue of waiting lists and geographical mobility of patients from the perspective qualitative and nurse within Europe and globally. In fact, studies have found only referring to the political and economic development of the "Plans Shock Intereuropeos." The American literature has numerous studies on different ethnic groups residing in the United States but none on Dutch patients. This work according to their purposes and essence could aencuadrase in the theoretical framework of the Transcultural Nursing Spanish co proper consent of the author himself, Dr. Purnell. The study characterized by the qualitative and ethnographic. Describes the values, beliefs and cultural practices in terms of health and disease patient Dutch belonging to the "Emergency Plan Intereuropeo" in the Clinica Vistahermosa of Alicante, from triangulation metodológia where it takes place: participant observation, collection of variables Demographic and interviews withthe patients open, informal interviews open to the general informants, as well as in-depth interviews and group discussion with informants privileged. The analysis of qualitative information was through the computer program Nudist 3.0 in a Windows version and by reference to the structure of the Model Competition Cultural Purnell regarding primary and secondary characteristics and general and specific domains. This structure enabled a clear answer research questions and objectives. The significance and meaning of the study focuses on their contribution to the discovery of parameters and significant knowledge about the sociocultural characteristics of the sample, their level of satisfaction and potential interventions or premises in addressing such patient. The knowledge of the socio-cultural characteristics, in terms of values, beliefs and practices in the planning process of care and nursing intervention can be useful for professionals in care in their task of providing culturally competent care and adapted it improve the satisfaction of pacientes-clientes and his state of health. Low levels of satisfaction in domains such as "communication", "nutrition" and "Dream and closing" is significant in evaluating the characteristics of this patient and culturally different determinants in the cultural shock caused to the community that reaches a context nuevo-los patients Dutch and catcher, in this case the professional nursing. This information along with the sociocultural characteristics and cultural values found on the sample.

Author: Muela Ribera Juan.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres.
Place of preparation: Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres.

Summary: Question: According to the World Health Organization estimated that in Africa die every year a million people, most of them children under five. The most tragic aspect of this situation is that many deaths could be avoided because malaria can be prevented and cured. lack of medication, malaria remains the main cause of infant mortality. To explain the literature suggests the following scenario: The manifestations of cerebral malaria - complication of malaria which if untreated quickly leads to death in Africa - are interpreted as a disease caused by spirits, so that mothers carrying their sick children to traditional healers, with the consequent delay, often fatal, to receive appropriate treatment. Methodology: The work was raised as an ethnography focused on the sociocultural aspects of malaria. The methodology used was essentially qualitative, although some factors triangulamos with quantitative research techniques. Conceptual Framework: The conceptual framework is the development of 'pluralism doctor'. In its scale ethnographic what divided into: (1) The medical system plural Lipangalala; (2) representations of the disease; (3) processes care. This approach allows: (1) To study the role of the local medical system, the representations of the disease and other factors such as distance, social networks, etc.. The processes that affect care in the late therapeutic; (2) raise issues specific to each of these points (the formation of plural medical system and the establishment of medical specialties, and the articulation of local knowledge source with knowledge of the biomedical-constitution knowledge about malaria in the community-and the impact of processes care in some peasant households and very poor). Results Highlights: (1) In Lipangalala there is a clear 'division of labor doctor', based on the etiologies that every medicine has established its competence. This is basically what determines medical preferences. The biomedicine has redefined largely 'diseases of God', and succeeded in establishing its dominance, virtually free of competition in this field. This was possible because biomedicine has the capacity to generate the general conviction that it is effective for treating many diseases' normal ', but also because the herbalists were unable to serve as a model complementary or alternative biomedicine. Anyway broad and solid acceptance of biomedicine not to be understood as a triumph over traditional medicine, solidly rooted in the treatment of some 'diseases of God' childhood (bibi), and in the afflictions attributed to witchcraft and spirits . One of the main results of our work is to show the range of specialists involved in the treatment of malaria, which includes the hospital bibi (elderly specializing in the treatment of certain diseases in children) and waganga spiritualists. (2) The dual use of bio-medicine and traditional medicines in multiple pathways for malaria (generalizable to many other diseases) follows a well-established logic in the local models. The local models of malaria contain elements clearly distinguishable from biomedicine, but also of medicine hygienist, even paradigm humoral, along with ideas and explanations on the order 'natural' and the world of witchcraft and spirits, concepts and precepts of Catholic or Islamic origin, and so on. that permeate representations general health, disease, therapy and role models to 8 the disease d92 sickness. The underlying logic, particularly the double standards of causality, acting not only as' producing commensurability 'between universes etiologic that biomedical science finds immeasurable, but also by putting limits on the hegemonic expansion of biomedicine, as an institution and medical model . (3) The disastrous effects of malaria can only be viewed in all its dimensions if we understand in terms of cumulative processes, which interact in a network and / or spiral biological, economic and social. The factors and behaviors are engaged in networks and spirals, which heightens the 'weight of the accumulation. We can detect a number of 'channels' with intersections, for example: (i) Where there are more malaria, there is also more work in the shamba and therefore greater exposure to vector increases the distance to the health center and most affecting the long hours waiting at the hospital to work, less money is available and children are the chances of activating strategies to achieve without adverse effects, and higher malnutrition. (Ii) The mishandling of the disease at the hospital, the resistance of the parasite to the drugs and treatments incomplete due, among other factors, a lack of money or simply forgotten, haul recrudescencias and risk sobreinfecciones. This together with reinfections opens the door to multiple paths care, and if the social environment is conducive to the suspicion of witchcraft. This involves an accumulation of costs, which tends to further reduce the chances of activating strategies. The situation could worsen if past strategies have led to an erosion in the social safety net and / or a spiral of debt. Obviously the 'nets' and' spiral 'are not the same in all cases, nor occur in the same order, or all components of the' chains' are always present. Focusing on the vulnerability does not underestimate the weight of therapeutic delay, but contextualizarlo. This is not the same therapeutic analyze the delay of a single episode, or a single visit to the health center, which analyzed delays in a sequence multiple therapeutic because: (i) Each delay consecutive increases the risk of sobreinfecciones and anemia, so the child is increasingly weak, (ii) there is a cumulative effect of the cost, (iii) the ability to activate strategies to pay therapies tends to decrease, and (iv) the processes of interpretation, making decisions and / or, more importantly, finding new resources are probably different in each new segment of the stream multiple therapeutic, as a consequence of events and past experiences.