FARM CROPS

Author: BELCHIOR MOURATO JOAQUIM ANTONIO.
Year: 2003.
University: EXTREMADURA [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA INGENIERÍAS AGRARIAS.

Summary: The dissertation discusses the location and mobility Portuguese vineyard. The scenario was that if -- could operate freely across regions, the factors most varied proficiency in the implementation of vineyards and wine production would lead to a natural distribution / vocational vineyard. In view of economic efficiency, it is recognized that the mobility of the vineyard is oriented in the direction of the productive vocation of each place. The main objective is to study the trend of localization and mobility of vineyards over time in a context of global competition, determining the value of acquisition and transfer of rights replanting of vineyards and defining a regulatory mechanism for the transactions of rights. The results were that with a cut -- to operate freely, mobility vineyard is geared to the regions more attractive, leading to the history of economic efficiency. The regulatory mechanism of the transactions and the methodology for fixing the prices proposed are important tools to support and promote the policy of liberalizing the rights replanting of vineyards.

Author: SAYED ABD EL RAZEK HATEM ADEL EL.
Year: 2005.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: ETSIAM.
Place of preparation: ETSIAM.

Summary: We have studied in the laboratory and compared the effects of five insecticides by ingestion of a different nature, on the third stage larvae of noctuido Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) with a view to the potential for joint use programs Integrated Fight against this kind Through bioassays has analyzed the insecticidal activity of each product based on their concentrations lethal means and times of survival. Special attention has been paid in the search for sublethal effects that manifest during the development of the states immature and adult reproduction, for which trials have been conducted reproduction and histological observations of the gonads, and gametogenesis production cocitos in females. The biggest lethal effect was caused by the insecticide chemical synthesis Flufenoxorun, and then placed the two products of natural origin, Azadiractina and Spinosad, and the two biological B.thuringiensis and Granulovirus. Azadiractina was about 10 times more active than Spinosad, while deaths due to Spinosad was much faster. Have also been changes in timing and larval development period pupation, as well as the percentage of viable eggs and abnormal spermatogenesis, particularly in treatments B.turingiensis and Azadiractina.

Author: AGUSTÍ FELIU JAVIER.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The crop represents the largest citrus fruit production in the world, exceeding 100 million tons in the year 2005 (www.fao.org), and Spain is the largest producer of the Mediterranean basin. The production capacity is influenced by genetics of the fruit development and its ability to cuajar and persist at the plant, thus surpassing the abscission. Currently, the existing knowledge of the abscission in molecular terms is limited and focused on the final stages of the process, marked by the separation cell. This paper focuses on the overall analysis of the changes occurring at transcriptómico during the process of abscission in citrus. The first approach was done in the generation and in the description of a collection of genes potentially associated with the abscission composed of four gene banks abscission zone induced in different organs. The massive sequencing and analysis of these gene banks belonging to families identified genes previously associated with the process of abscission, as well as a large number of unknown genes or without homology, suggesting that many of the mechanisms involved in the development process are abscission still unknown. A subcollection of these unigenes was printed in a macromatriz nylon, which was used to analyze the differential expression between the abscission zone laminar (ZAL) and the stalk (P) of the sheet during the early stages of the process of abscission. The results suggest that the activation process requires refurbishment and redistribution of proteins present at the ZAL in order to stimulate different metabolic processes, defense, transport and modification of the cell walls. Also signaling pathways are activated and control of transcription. The analysis of the changes that occur during the latter stages of the process was carried out hibridando samples of ZAL and P leaves under treatment etilenoin vitro on cDNA microarrays. The results suggest that active ZAL machinery refurbishment of cell wall that will lead to the effective separation of the Body, while the P activates a program that includes defensive measures both physical (deposition of lignin and calosa) and molecular (Activation defensive routes). Simultaneously, it triggered various signal transduction pathways, as well as genes associated with the control of transcription. Finally, we designed a system of sampling specifics of the abscission zone laminar of citrus through microdisección assisted laser (MAL). This system is combined with techniques for obtaining quality RNA from material microdiseccionado for subsequent amplification maracaje and hybridization on cDNA microarrays. The analysis of gene expression belonging to familais related to the metabolism of the cell wall (synthesis and degradation) illustrates the benefits gained by using the MAL.

Author: BAENA MATARRANZ GEMMA.
Year: 2006.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S.I. AGRONOMOS Y MONTES.
Place of preparation: E.T.S.I. AGRONOMOS Y MONTES.

Summary: This paper has studied the effect of fertirriego in the availability and distribution of nutrients in olive grove. The experiment has been carried out both in field trials conducted in plantations with the variety "Picual" where production has been studied aspects of the distribution and evolution of the nutrient content available on the bulbs moist soil, the nutritional status the plant, growth, production and quality of the oil, as in controlled trials in pots to evaluate the effect of splitting the input of fertilizer you in fertirriego, as a method to increase the maximum efficiency in the use of fertilizers. The treatments fertirrigación were calculated on the basis of a software application (Shepherd, 2005) which estimated the water and nutrient needs of the crop. It was noted that in the years with field trials in the treatment witness, O dose of N, failed to show signs of nutrient deficiencies, while the treatments with excessive contributions of N, leaving a large amount of this element, nitric form on the floor without being consumed by the growing and that could be lost with the winter rains, which would represent an unnecessary expense, and contaminating aquifers. The trend shows how the fertilized treatments with the intermediate dose, ensure an appropriate nutritional status of olive and maintenance of N concentrations in soil at levels appropriate for the development and production of olive trees over time. Studies on the maximum dose fractionation dela fertilizer carried recommend handling this in fertirriego, and to improve the use of infrastructure fertirriego maintain higher levels of nutrients in the bulb that applied in a "traditional" timely over a number of hazards. Taking into account the results obtained, it is advised to reduce the dose of nitrogen fertilizers in most growing conditions, whereas inputs as means of irrigation water in the areas of high and olive groves are shown in this trial have been enough to sustain production of olive trees. Conducting therefore a tighter calculation of the doses really going to take the olive tree and do so with a maximum fractionation also improves efficiency in the use of nitrogen fertilizers, assuming, therefore, a saving for the farmer in fertilization, as a social benefit of respect for the environment.

Author: RIVEIRO VALIÑO JOSÉ ANTONIO.
Year: 2006.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE LUGO.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE LUGO.

Summary: This memory Doctoral Thesis outlines a methodology based on the microdata from the Agricultural Census, from which analyzes the factors heterogeneity and provides a first level of differentiation of the main production systems. This was developed and implemented on spreadsheets, a model Criminalizing holdings based on a combinatorial process, from the use according to the Agricultural Census, make up each farm. Alongside is a classification of holdings according to their size. The combination of the two processes used to obtain different groups of farms around each development, with the desired degree of homogeneity.