CROP HYBRIDIZATION

Author: GARCIA LLAMAS CARMEN.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: INSTITUTO AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE.

Summary: The objective of this work has been to develop a protocol to produce plants dihaploides durum wheat through crosses with corn, allowing shorten the duration of the improvement programs of this kind. Among the variants of this mátodo has chosen growing stalks cut, because it allows control of environmental conditions during development of embryos and lower costs for the hormones. Have been addressed and improved three aspects of this technique: the relative humidity of the chamber cultico, pollinator genotype and hormone treatments. We also have calculated the costs of producing plants dihaploides and duration of the process. According to the results, it is proposed. Do controlling the relative humidity of chambers of the crop stalks, and keeps it at low levels (55-65%). B-selcionar the polizadoeres used as a selection criterion production of haploid plants. C apply a hormonal treatment based dicamba plus 2, 4-D. D-Use as parental dihaploides the wheat plants F4 from selected plants in the generation F3. It also presents the timetable that we consider most suitable for the production of dihaploides under our climatic conditions.

Author: NABLOUSSI ABDELGHANI.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: ETSIAM DE CÓRDOBA.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE.

Summary: The Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a species that has great potential as a crop agronomic both for the Mediterranean area for other arid areas. The overall objective of this thesis was the selection and characterization of germplasm mustard Ethiopian free erucic acid with new profiles of fatty acids, mainly high oleic and low linolenic, as well as the characterization of the lines obtained. The specific objectives relating to this characterization were studying the environmental stability of the lines obtained, the investigation into the temporal and spatial expression of the characters high oleic and low linolenic, and genetic study of the same. In generations F3 and F4 were able to isolate three fixed lines with different high levels of oleic acid (AB-l, AB-2 AND AB-3 content in this fatty acid of 84.2, 80.3 and 66.5, respectively, compared to 35.2 in the standard line) and two fixed lines with reduced linolenic acid (AB-4 and AB-5 with the content of 2.6 and 5.5, respectively, versus 17.7 in the standard line), the oil from its seeds. The line with higher level of oleic acid AB-ly line with the lowest level of linolenic acid AB-4 were stable for the oleic acid content and the content of linolenic acid, respectively, in different conditions ambientales.Por other hand, the nature of the high oleic line AB-ly the low linolenic of the line AB-4 were also voiced in their respective cotyledons, leaves, roots, seeds and pollen in development. Finally, genetic studies showed the presence of three genes involved in controlling the very high content of oleic acid in AB-l (two dominant and one recessive), and a single recessive gene involved in determining the content alto-intermedio in this acid Fat in AB-J. In line AB-4, it was found that the very low linolenic acid content was determined by three recessive genes.

Author: PISTON PISTON FERNANDO.
Year: 2005.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: ETSIAM.
Place of preparation: ETSIAM.

Summary: In this paper we have cloned and characterized genes prolamins barley and wheat. We have cloned and characterized the B hordínas and gamma hordeínas of Hordeum chilense. These show the structure of the typical prolamins rich in sulfur. The expression of both hordeínas has been determined over the development of grain introducing a grain presenting a distinct pattern between them. Several gamma gliadinas of hard wheat and has been cloned and compared with the rest of gamma gliadinas wheat present in the databases. We have distinguished four subclasses gamma gliadinas to which he measured the expression along the development of grain in wheat flour. Different groups had different profiles that can be attributed to the different roles of each of them. Promoters Don, a B hordeína and one D hordeína, were characterized in transgenic wheat. These promoters showed specificity of endosperm and a distinct profile among them.

Author: ROJAS MOLINA MARIA DEL MAR.
Year: 2005.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S.I. AGRONOMOS Y MONTES.
Place of preparation: E.T.S.I. AGRONOMOS Y MONTES.

Summary: The bean, Vicia faba, is a major winter crop in the Mediterranean areas. The much spoken "Encefálopatía Spongiform Bovine" has opened up a wide range in the area of improving plant legumes doubling the surface of seed to meet increased demand for vegetable protein. This boom in this crop has meant a greater need for improvement to combat the diseases to which it is subjected. Within these diseases can highlight a fungal disease, Uromyces viciae-fabae and a parasitic plant, Orbanche crenata, the main limiting the cultivation of beans in the Mediterranean basin. In this work we have found new sources of resistance to these parasites. Regarding laroya, Uromyces viciae-fabea, has been detected both partial resistance as hypersensitive resistance. The resistance to rust has been characterized both macroy microscopic. This resistance has also been fought by applying inducers of resistance that have provided a reduction in disease severity in genotypes of plants. Within the mechanisms of resistance to jopo described in this thesis is a lower germination of the seeds of jopo, resistance to the establishment, development and hypersensitive resistance, characterized by the appearance of necrotic areas.

Author: MARTIN CUEVAS MARIA ANGELA.
Year: 2005.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: CAMPUS DE RABANALES.
Place of preparation: CAMPUS DE RABANALES.

Summary: The European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Is a widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin and used to obtain wood and fruit from the antigà ¼ age. In the case of castañares intended for the production of the fruit are used varieties grafted on foot frank. In Andalusia, this species occupies approximately 12,000 hectares and is considered a crop AE, contributing to the socioeconomic development of the areas where is grown. The abandonment of rural areas, and changes in activity in the production sector, have hit a major donor to the castañaneres Andalusians, in many cases, their plight. For all these reasons, it has sought to put value on the genetic resources of this species in Andalusia, in order to plan their conservation and promote their sustainable management. They have cataloged the masses of brown existing in Andalusia, analyzing the situation of castañares nature clonal used for the production of fruit and sexual reproduction, identifying and characterizing the first case found varietal types. In addition, it has developed a molecular marker-based proteins reserve cotyledon of chestnuts to estimate the genetic variability of the species. The results obtained in this thesis has shown that castañares Andalusians are an important reservoir of diversity, both by the existence of many types of varieties, the result of the selective processes carried out for traditional farmers, for the existence of masses that constitute sexual reproduction a good example of people with genetic diversity. In this sense, proteins reserve cotyledon have proved to be a good marker for the assessment of genetic variability of the species.

Author: CUESTA MARCOS ALFONSO.
Year: 2006.
University: LLEIDA [www.udl.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S. DE INGENIERIA AGRARIA UDL.
Place of preparation: ESCULA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERIA AGRARIA UDL.

Summary: The date of heading is a matter of great importance as one of the main factors determining the adaptation and performance of cereals. This feature is particularly important in areas where water availability is a limiting factor, such as the Mediterranean climate regions of North España.En First, we assessed a package of 120 lines haploid duplicates of barley, from crossbreeding Beka x Mogador, in a series of field trials in northern Spain and in controlled conditions of temperature and photoperiod. Thus were identified which were the major genomic regions that control the date of slender, the positions of the QTLs, their effects and their interactions. The second step was the validation of QTL dated slender identified in the population Beka x Mogador and literature. It evaluated under similar conditions a set of germplasm broad genetic base, consisting of 17 small populations of interconnected haploid duplicates, whose parents were varieties normally used in the Spanish program to improve barley. The results of these two studies showed that a set of QTLs explain a large part of the phenotypic variance in the nature of slender date. What is more, markers, based on the PCR technique, which is closely linked or diagnostic markers of QTL, suitable for use in improving assisted by markers. These are the QTL genes response to photoperiod / Ppd-H1 / and / Ppd-H2 / gene precocity intrinsic / Eam6 / and genes vernaliación / Vrn-H1 / and / Vrn-H2/.La interaction epistática of genes / Vrn-H1 / and / Vrn-H2 / determines the degree of responsiveness to vernalization in barley. This model epistático was confirmed in the population Beka x Mogador, in 17 villages and also recovering genotypes sensitive vernalization in the offspring of crosses between varieties insensitive. It also became clear that the varying degrees of sensitivity to vernalization could be due to differences in the length of the first gene intrón / Vrn-H1. It also identified key areas QTL performance in the population Beka x Mogador, and studied the effect of the QTL date slender have on the performance and on the interaction between genotype and environment performance. We found that there is a changing relationship between the date of slender and performance in the various trials, but in general, espigados early or late tend not to encourage high yields. It also found that genotypes dated slender similar differ depending on the performance of that allele in the region / Vrn-H2.