VETERINARY SURGERY

Author: LÓPEZ MARTINEZ M. ÁNGELES.
Year: 2003.
University: EXTREMADURA [More theses of this university] [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: VEX.

Summary: The evaluation of the anesthetic depth depends on the physiological responses of the subject to cirugía.Son regarded as a subjective assessment of the activity reflects overall and are subject to a conomiento of drugs used and their dosis.Debido to the relationship between the depth Anesthesia, in terms of minimum alveolar concentration, and the rate of electrocefalografía biespectral (BIS) is not clear, we consider important to provide conclusive data. There were anesthetized 32 pigs, which were randomly assigned to eight groups experimentales.Cuatro groups anaesthetize sevoflurane and the other four were anaesthetize with desflurane, besides the four groups each anesthetic receive a sequence of different concentrations. SEVOFLURANO: GROUP I: 1 CAM-1, 25 CAM-1, 50 CAM-1, 75 CAM GROUP II: 1.25 CAM-1, 50 CAM-1, 75 CAM-1 CAM GROUP III: 1.50 CAM- 1.75 CAM-1, CAM-1, 25 CAM GROUP IV: 1.75 CAM-1 CAM-1, 25 CAM-1, 50 CAM DESFLURANO: Group V: 1 CAM-1, 25 CAM-1, 50 CAM -1.75 CAM GROUP VI: 1.25 CAM-1, 50 CAM-1, 75 CAM-1 CAM GROUP VII: 1.50 CAM-1, 75 CAM-1, CAM-1, 25 CAM Group VIII: 1 , 75 CAM-1 CAM-1, 25 CAM-1, 50 CAM This dose is given taking into account the concentration of agent end-expiratory (Et-sevoflurano and Et-desflurano). All animals are connected to a monitor electroencefalografía biespectral by placing four electrodes mounted frontocentral.Del registration of EEG and its subsequent processing are obtained several parameters, the index electroencefalografía biespectral or BIS, a number from 0 to 100 whose securities low indicate greater sedacción and "hypnosis" the SEF or spectral edge frequency or frequency determined by the density spectrum voltage and MED or average frequency below which is located 50% of the total voltage EEG. It has valued the depth anesthetic by visual analogue scale (VAS), which is considered physiological parameters of the animal and reflexes present to create a subjective judgment of the anesthetic depth that presents and scores on a scale of 150mm of longitud.Esta the valuation performed an anesthesiologist who is not allowed to see the monitor electroencefalografía.Para ensure the predictive value of BIS and to assess the movement of response is put into a pinch stimulus nociceptivo with the espacio-interdigital of the extremities post. The relationship between the numerical value of VAS and the numerical value of BIS, SBS and MED provides performing a regression analysis múltiple.Los results show a good correlation between these values both sevoflurane anesthesia with desflurano.Así same, to determine the relationship between the numeric value with BIS parameters hemodinámicos heart rate and blood pressure, there has been a multiple regression analysis, although in this case have not shown a good correlation for either anesthetic agents. The value of VAS has increased significantly with increasing depth anesthetic with both agentes.El BIS has also declined significantly with increasing depth anesthetic produced by both anesthetics, although both parameters have shown wide individual variations. Both the value of the VAS as the BIS indicated that has been achieved with a depth greater anesthetic desflurane. The physiological variables heart rate and blood pressure have not shown a good correlation with BIS for either anesthetics studied. The parameters cardiorre 8 spirator 2d4 ios and temperature have presented a more stable response to sevoflurane anesthesia. BIS values in this study, have been the most accurate of EEG for predicting the depth anesthetic in pigs. Assessing the depth anesthetic that is obtained only SBS and the MED is not reliable.

Author: LUIS FERNÁNDEZ LAURA.
Year: 2004.
University: EXTREMADURA [More theses of this university] [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE CÁCERES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: Following the approval of the study by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation Center Surgery Min Invasion (CCIC), research was conducted in 40 pigs (Sus scrofa domestic), female, healthy, race Large White with an average weight of 25.19 +-3.85 kg and aged between 2 and 3 months. All animals after administration of premeditation intramuscular (sulfate atropinia (0.4 mg / kg), midazolam, (0.1 mg / kg) and ketamine (10mg/Kg) and the induction of intravenous (propofol 1% (3mg / kg) intubaron and were connected to a circuit coupled with a semi-circular fan to keep values normocapnia (34.70 +-5.01 mm Hg). Correct muscle relaxation was obtained with the administration of cis-atracurio intravenous (0 , 05 mg / kg) and analgesia by administering intravenous continuous infusion of remifentanil (0.3 ug / kg / min) in the intraoperative period and intravenous ketorolac (1mg/kg) in the postoperative period. Maintaining anesthetic during the intervention followed the following schedule: Group S: Sevoflurane Anesthesia Inhalatoria with. group S.1: Dosificados to obtain a BIS of 60-70 (degree of light anesthetic depth). group S.2: Dosificados to obtain a BIS of 40-60 (degree of depth anesthetic depth). group Q: Continuous Infusion of Propofol. group P.1: Dosificados to obtain a BIS of 60-70 (degree of light anesthetic depth). group P.2: Dosificados to obtain a BIS of 40 -60 (degree deep deep). surgical technique that took place was a ovarictomía unilaterally through laparoscopic. monitoring anesthetic consisted of the registration index electroencefalografía biespectral by placing four electrodes with a montage frontocentral. addition, were monitored and recorded hemodynamic parameters, ventilatory, rectal temperature, plasma concentration of epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol. carried out a subjective assessment of the extent and anesthetic recovery times that stage. Lastly, we conducted a survey of consumption and cost employees of anesthetics. The results of this study showed that the hemodynamic parameters, rectal temperature and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, during maintenance and recovery anesthetic were stable in all groups in the study did not observed significant differences due to the anesthetic used or due to the different degrees of depth anesthetic. Unlike this, plasma cortisol was significantly higher during the conduct of ovariectomy and during the anesthetic recovery in the groups S.1, S.2 and P.1, while the group P.2 only showed differences in the course of the ovariectomy-five minutes after the end of the continuous infusion of propofol. Therefore, the quality of maintenance anesthetic was similar for the four groups of the study. Regarding the recovery times anesthetic no difference was seen between the groups were anesthetized sevoflurane but in the two groups being anesthetized with propofol significantly faster recovery of animals in the group P.1. Recovery anestési 8 ca was s 3ae ignificativamente faster with the sevofllurano that with propofol. Unlike this result, the quality of anesthetic recovery was similar for all groups in the study. Lastly, consumption and the total cost of anesthetic was significantly higher in groups held the rank of anesthetic depth deep (BIS 40-60), S.2 and P.2. Being reducing the consumption of a 29% sevoflurane and propofol for a 33% in animals dosed to maintain a slight degree of anesthetic depth.

Author: RIVERA POSADA JAIRO ALONSO.
Year: 2004.
University: LEÓN [More theses of this university] [www.unileon.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE LEON.

Summary: We performed a collection of bone morphogenetic protein from bovine bone, through chemical processes, making grinding, disqualification, demineralization esxtracción collagen and protein fraction, and lyophilization later to be implemented in an experimental model lapino in subcutaneous tissue. On the other side was synthesized hydroxyapatite to 1050Â seventh through precipitation reagents forfato ammonium nitrate and calcium and proceeded to its combination with bone morphogenetic proteins. This combination was introduced in rabbits at intraosseous to assess bone regeneration up to a period of 56 days.

Author: LIMA RODRÍGUEZ JUAN RAFAEL.
Year: 2004.
University: EXTREMADURA [More theses of this university] [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE CÁCERES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: OBJECTIVE study of the quality of two drugs not analgesic opioids (ketorolac and propacetamol) and the association of both in the immediate postoperative period in pigs undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy pilot. DESIGN OF THE STUDY experimental study, prospective, randomized and blinded one SUBJECT OF STUDY Forty pigs, Large White race, female gender, weight 43.53 + -10.72 kg and age 73.13 + -11.86 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study of the quality analgesic: 1 - Objective Assessment of pain (emission of sound, movement and breathing pattern) and subjective (visual analogue scale). 2-subjective valuation of analgesic efficacy (analgesia insufficient excellent). 3-Assessment of recovery (recovery times delos reflexes, changes postulares and degree of equilibrium). 4-Valuation of complications and side effects during the early postoperative period. Following the previous administration or anticipated by the intravenous route: GROUP K: ketorolac (1 mg / kg) GROUP Q: propacetamol (35 mg / kg) KP GROUP: partnership ketorolac (1 mg / kg) / propacetamol (35 mg / kg) GROUP C: control or placebo (10 ml normal saline), each group of 10 animals is subject to the same procedures anesthetics (premedication: ketamine 10 mg / kg midazolam 0.1 mg / kg and aropina 0.04 mg / kg. Induction: propofol 3 mg / kg and maintenance anesthetic: desflurane 85) and surgical (laparoscopic cholecystectomy). Assessing the quality analgesic is done in the three hours following the cessation of anesthesia (0,5,10,15,30,60,90120 and 180 minutes, and overall). The normality of the distribution of the variables found through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The test G2 was used in the comparison of proportions and the Kruskal-Wallis non - parametric for the variables. It was considered a significant P less 0.05. Results are presented as mean +-SD. RESULTS score of the association ketorolac / propacetamol was significantly lower than placebo in the objective assessment of pain (global emission of sounds and respiratory pattern). The scores of all groups was similar to the subjective assessment of analgesic efficacy, although the highest percentage of pain-semanifestó in animals of the association ketorolac / propacetamol (100% in the overall assessment and 90-100% in the trend ). The recovery of the eyelid and auditory reflexes in animals treated with the association ketorolac / propacetamol was significantly faster than in the placebo group. Animals group ketorolac / propacetamol expressed a degree imbalance better and significant compared with the placebo group. The recovery of reflection hearing and the opening of the eyes in the animals treated with ketorolac was significantly faster than in the placebo group. The opening delos eyes and extubation in animals treated with ketorolac were significantly faster than in the placebo group. Animals group ketorolac / propacetamol expressed a degree of balance better and significant compared with the placebo group. The recovery of reflection hearing and the opening of the eyes in the animals treated with ketorolac was significantly faster than the group propacetamol. CONCLUSIONS The association ketorolac / propacetamol propor 8 ciona a 6d6 to analgesia superior to the other groups, which allows us to conclude that this is a correct indication for the treatment of postoperative pain in swine subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In addition, this partnership demonstrates a better quality and speed of recovery of the reflexes and steady state, suggesting that is indicated in ambulatory surgery. Side effects of vomiting and tremors are lower with the association ketorolac / propacetamol during postopeatorio, which indicated in the day surgery. The swine represents a good alternative as animal model in the development of non-opioid analgesics protocols parala laparoscopic surgery experimental. RELEVANCE CLINICAL Employment dela association ketorolac / propacetamol is indicated for the treatment of postoperative pain of day surgery. This partnership improves the quality analgesic compared to that provided by these drugs when used separately. The exclusive use of analgesic agents not opiodes avoids the potential risk of adverse effects and complications that can induce the administration of drugs opiodes. KEYWORDS: Analgesia, postoperative pain, ketorolac, propacetamol, paracetamol, acetaminophen, laparoscopic surgery, pork.

Author: FONTECHA UMAÑA PEDRO.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE BARCELONA.

Summary: This pilot study was conducted in order to determine changes in bone tissue after the obliteration of the medullary canal of the femur with bone cement polimetilmetacrilato commonly used for the fixation of prosthetic hip joint.

Author: CRESPO CASTEJÓN FRANCISCO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: We conducted this study to develop a protocol for freezing semen ass Zamorano-Leonés and assess the in vivo fertility of this artificial insemination using frozen semen in burras from the same race. To this end we have conducted 6 experiences. In an initial experiment evaluate two centrifugal forces (300g and 600g) and two times centrifugation (5 to 15 minutes) to set the conditions for removal of seminal plasma. Note that "300g and 5 minutes" allow good recovery with a sperm quality posdescongelación acceptable. The second and third experiments studying three thinners freezing semen, SM-EYG, Lactosa-EDTA and T2-94, and the effect on the speed of freezing comparing three processing certain rhythms (slow, moderate and fast). In these experiments we found that the freezing of semen ass Zamorano-Leonés, with the use of solvent Lactosa-EDTA combined with a moderate pace of freezing can obtain the best features seminal posdescongelación. A fourth experience evaluate the effect concentration crioprotector using glycerol concentrations four different (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). We note that the concentration of 2.5% glycerol is what tends to get the best features of semen posdescongelación. In a fifth experience studying the system for the elimination of crioprotector in thawed semen to keep the main functions espermáticas better and longer, therefore, we compared three treatments posdecongelación, control redilución and disposal. Note that the quality of thawed semen is not altered by any of the treatments used and the longevity of sperm tends to be better in those samples incubated without glycerol. In a sixth experience evaluate fertility in vivo semen frozen ass Zamorano-Leonés in burras from the same race. To that end, we fucked donkeys who had sperm with better quality posdescongelación and conducted insemination dose of 500 million sperm mótiles each, processed according to the protocol obtained with past experience (centrifugation at 300g 5 min., Thinner freezing Lactose - EDTA, moderate pace and 2.5% glycerol). We use for semen inseminations with more than 35% of progressive motility after defrosting in 18 heats, 9 of which are inseminaron with frozen sperm after thawing was subjected to treatment redilución and other 9 with sperm before treatment elimination. In this experiment only got the gestation when inseminamos with frozen semen subjected to treatment elimination of crioprotector after thawing.

Author: CASTEJÓN GONZÁLEZ ANA CRISTINA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: Rising breast maximilar is a surgical technique used in maxillofacial surgery to regenerate human bone atrophic area in back of the jawbone. We have used broad range of bone grafts and substitutes to get vertically increase the thickness of the soil of the maxillary sinus, as autograft of different anatomical regions, freeze-dried bone allograft, hidroxiapatitas, tricalcium phosphate, glass bioactivo, plasma rich in platelets and decrease factors. In this study intend to test the feasibility of carrying out the elevation of the maxillary sinus with autoinjero the iliac crest and a combination of Bio-Oss ® and iliac crest autograft using pork "mini-pig" as experimental model. We elevation of the maxillary sinus in one step bilaterally six animals on one side was used autograft and the other was used Bio-Oss ® and autograft in a ratio 1:1. At the same time inserted an implant dentral (Brà ¤ nemark system implant, Nobel Biocare ®) in each maxillary sinus. At 12 weeks postcirugía were slaughtered the animal and was conducted sampling. These were raidografiadas and subsequently performed histological cuts of the implants and 1 mm of tissue around them. The cuts were stained with staining Levai-Laczkó and histométrico studies were performed to measure bone regeneration and osseointegration of the implant. X-rays showed an area density of radiation around the implants higher in the side with Bio-Oss ® and autograft in the side with autograft. Information bones in the side with autograft was 12.4 mm2 + - 2.91 (28.4 +-6.59) and the group with Bio-Oss ® and autograft was 13.1 +-5.44 mm2 (29.8 +-12.30). The presence of autograft in the samples was measured as a percentage of autoinjero was 0.2 + - 0.31 and on the side where it was used Bio-Oss ® and autograft was 0.1 + - 0.27. The percentage of bone implant contact on the side with autograft was 12.9 +-10.67 and on the side with Bio-Oss ® and autoinjero was 14.7 +-8.61. The differences were analyzed with a T-Student and no significant differences were observed between the two groups, namely the combination of Bio-Oss ® and autograft in a ratio 1:1 does not cause greater bone regeneration or osteo integration delos in dental implants the maxillary sinus who autograft, however, whether the combination of Bio-Oss ® / autograft as autograft can be used to the elevation of the maxillary sinus in a phase with acceptable results.

Author: REYES ÁVILA ISIDRO RENÉ.
Year: 2006.
University: LEÓN [More theses of this university] [www.unileon.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: UNIDAD DE CIRUGÍA Y RADIOLOGIA. FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA. UNIVERSIDAD DE LEÓN.

Summary: In order to adjust and standardize techniques and Retraction Set Pene (RFP) and the Implementation Side of Prepucio in cebuados (ILP), we performed the first characterization of the procedures used traditionally in eastern Cuba and then the study and outreach Farms dairy herds of the methods referred to above. This underwent surgery 136 bulls by the method of "Rommel", 122 through the method of "Rombo" 78 by the Reduction of Muscles Retractores Penis and 46 by the method of "Vasiliev." The RFP method was applied to 412 animals and the ILP to 86. It valued the duration of the operations, resulting in the shorter the RFP with 14.48 Â ± 1.78 minutes and the most delayed method "Vasiliev," with 53.45 Â ± 1.60 minutes. The recovery time of the animals was lower, with 8.09 Â ± 1.04 days in the RFP and the technique in which more prolonged, with 9.40 Â ± 1.07 days, was the method " Vasiliev. " We also valued the waiting time and total time to Enactment recelaje, the total time of service and the degree of difficulty of interventions. The ability of copulation was another aspect rated, which varied with the technique, being absent in animals operated by the method of "Rommel" and "Vasiliev," and possibly in various poscentajes with other techniques: 1.63 Â ± 0.32% with the "Rombo" 5.12 Â ± 0.52% with the Reduction of Muscles Retractores Penis, 1.45 Â ± 0.34% with the RFP and 4.65 Â ± 0.50 % with the ILP. The incidence of complications during and after the intervention was higher in the operated by the method of "Rommel" but much intraoperative complications occurred in the operated by the technique of "Rombo". It also studied the influence of the surgical technique on some indicators of health of the animals operated. We conclude that the use of distrusts in reproductive management of the herd should be considered a valid option in the territories where it is not possible to use massive schemes hormone therapy for the induction and synchronization of estrus and ovulation advantages, it has as a means of stimulating the natural reproductive activity at the same time as revealing of heat in cows. The methods and Retraction Set Pene and Implantation Side of Prepucio in cebuados are simple, easy to implement, with no complications during the operation, with minimum difficulty in later stages and behavior of recelas similar to preparations for other procedures, we believe that should be taken into account when choosing a surgical technique for preparing recelas in herds using this procedure in the handling of reproductive females. The methods of "Rommel", "Rombo" and "Vasiliev" are those that guarantee a higher level of security in the detection of heat, preventing copulation, but are the most industrious and major setbacks, being necessary to make a proper selection the animals and operate under field conditions in compliance with good surgical practices as a prerequisite to avoid the complications that usually arise. The method Reduction of Muscles Retractores Penis is a simple, practicable to accomplish in a short time and with the animal rose and advantages that this represents for the development of the surgical procedure and physiological integrity of the animal, however done in mature animals and be careful with the handling of the anatomical structures involved. Finally, interventions do not produce changes apre 8 ciables 3a3 in health indicators rated, but there has been an increase of the concentration values of hemoglobin, hematocrit and percentage overall appearance of the animals, influenced by the change better conditions tenure.

Author: SÁNCHEZ PATÁN FERNANDO.
Year: 2006.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: 14600 FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: It examines an experimental model in Wistar rats of portal hypertension prehepática in its early evolutionary stage. In which is not yet developed portosystemic collateral circulation. It is believed that the morphological and functional alterations that characterize enteropathy hypertensive early pilot would be carried out by activating cells cebabas. For this reason, we studied the cell infiltration fattened in ileum and blind, and the concentration of quimasa (RMCP-II) in the ileum and lymph nodes. Treatment with ketotifén, a drug stabilizer fattened cell membrane inhibits proinflammatory alterations (histological and biochemical) occurring in the territory esplácnico in this experimental model. Extrapolation of the results of this study in human clinical contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of portal hypertension, which is the most frequent complication and more severe cirrhosis of the liver in humans, and that it behaves, still, high morbidity and mortality.