VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY

Author: LÓPEZ ALONSO CRISTINA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: The follicular population, in terms of number and size distribution of follicles at the time of initiation of treatment of superovulation with FSH, seems to be one of the factors responsible for the high variability obtained in the techniques of superovulation and embryo transfer. The presence of large follicles, which might exert dominance, before ovarian stimulation was negatively associated with the response to treatment. Thus, the ideal situation ovarian could be achieved through the use of GnRH antagonist that, by blocking competition, and produce an immediate lifting Reversible secretion of pituitary gonadotropins. Based on these considerations, the present study was designed to assess the inclusion of the antagonist of GnRH teverelix, a protocol of superovulation and embryo transfer in order to lay the groundwork for new treatments for ovarian stimulation that pennitan improve the performance of techniques reproduction in vivo. To that end, two experiments were conducted: The first experiment was conducted on a total of 18 sheep with the objective of determining the effect of subcutaneous administration of two single doses (1.5 and 3.0 mg) of antagonist in the study. Both doses induced a significant decrease in the number of large follicles -6 mm) on days 2 and 3 post-treatment (0.3 + - 0.2 Y0, 5 + - 0.2 nglm1 in groups of 1.5 and 3 , 0 mg, respectively), compared to the control group (1.2 + -0.3, P increased 0.05). This decrease in the number of follicles-largest 6 billion was linked to a decline for both doses of the average concentrations of LH during the estndio rising from an average value of 0.63 +-0.22 nglm1 for the control group to concentrations of 0.55 + - 0.13 (p greater 0.0005) Y0, 47 +-0.07 nglm1 (p greater O OOOO1) for groups of 1.5 mg and 3.0 mg, respectively. Moreover, in animals treated with teverelix unable to detect any pulse LH during the 4 h studied while in the control group it sedescribió a pattern of pulsatility Moreover, treatment with teverelix significantly increased the number of follicles from 2-3 mm on data from the control group, reaching a maximum at Day 2 for the group of 1.5 mg (19.8 +-1.1) Yen Day 4 for the group of 3.0 mg (18, 7 +-0.7). The functionality follicular remained until the end of the study period in the group of 1.5 mg and only until Day 3 in the group of 3.0 mg, when it began a rapid di! M1inuciónde levels of this hormone (since 182.59 + - 3.75 to 130.02 + -3.12 pglm1). These results indicate that the dose of 1.5 mg teverelix is best suited to be incoqx) fada to the protocols of superovulation and that the time optimal management of the same would be 2-3 days before the start of treatment superovulatorio with FSH. In a second experiment determined the effect of the administration of treatment indicated by previous results, profiles and functionality follicular growth during the administration of exogenous FSH on the appearance of zeal and LH peak. And on ovulation rate and the final number of viable embryos obtained in response to the treatment of superovulation. The population follicular em at the beginning of treatment similar to that described in the experience; 1 this population grew in response to the administration of FSH in both groups. The analysis of the dynamics follicular showed no significant differences between control and treated animals at c 8 uanto to 564 new follicles, but noted that the average number of growing follicles was higher in the treated group (7.1 + -0.8 vs. 4.9 + - 0.6, P increased 0.05). By contrast, the average number of follicles in decline at the time of retimda of progestogen was lower for the control group (1.7 + - 0.4 vs. 4.8 +-0.1, p = 0.05). The results in terms of the appearance of zeal and LH peak were not affected in a significant way with the administration antagonist treatment, but by population dynamics folicu1ar, with an appearance more tempmna in those animals with a greater number of folícu1os growing. He answers superovulatoria, 50% of the animals that had peak preovulatorio LH failed to ovulate in those animals ovulated, the yields were higher than in the untreated. A final number of viable embryos higher than for controls (3.3 + - 0.8 vs. 7.3 + -1.1).

Author: VILLAMAYOR BLANCO LUCIA.
Year: 2005.
University: MURCIA [www.um.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Author: MARTÍN MORO FÉLIX LORENZO.
Year: 2005.
University: LEÓN [www.unileon.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: The use of antimicrobial drugs in farm has contributed greatly to achieving substantial improvements in human and animal health, to prevent the spread of zoonotic agents arising from the grouping of animals in large groups and transmission to the food chain. It has also contributed to improved production rates. But so abusive recourse to the use of antimicrobial agents posed two major problems: presentcia residues in food and emergence of microbial resistance. For two reasons we need increased measures applicable to the development of policies based on the protection of the health of consumers through the dissemination of news related to food hygiene, continuing education of food handlers in hygiene food programs and adequate monitoring and control of residues in food (PIR). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of microbiological screening methods for the rapid detection, efficient and cost-effective inhibitors group of quinolones in egg and egg products. The method used is based on the phenomenon of growth inhibition of a specific microorganism (E. coli ATCC11303) in the presence of an inhibitor (quinolones), and under certain conditions some of incubation. It departed and egg samples were chosen 12 eggs at random. We used the enrogloxaciona as quinolone representative of the group, depending on the frequency of its use by the livestock sector on the basis of data collected in the National Plan for Research Waste (PNIR) applied to materials for animal feed (feed and water drink), developed in Castilla y Leon in the past two years. The results allow us to conclude that: a) The proposed method suited us a sensibiidad adequate to detect the presence of quinolones in a large number of samples and in quantities about 10 times higher than the maximum residue levels (MRLs) more demanding set for animal tissues for human consumption (0.1 ppm), and she has use of these compounds is not authorized to laying hens in phase. B) It provides a good specificity group cuendo analyzed together against other families inhibitors. C) In view of its low cost, ease of implementation and rapid results, the study is considered of great practical application in the food industry in terms of quality control of raw materials and the official control of prohibited substances and / or unauthorized veterinary medicine.

Author: FRESNO BERMEJO LAURA.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE VETERINÀRIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE VETERINÀRIA.

Summary: The is a general anesthetic etomidate, ultra action, which is characterized by stability cardiovascular, respiratory depression and some little pharmacokinetic properties favorable. This study is intended to assess, first of all placental passage of this anesthetic in pregnant sheep term (Study 1), and secondly, the effects that this drug may have on the variables cardiovascular, respiratory and acid balance - basis, both the mother and the fetus (Study 2). Both the study of placental passage, as the effects of etomidate in the sheep pregnant and the fetus was conducted after administration of a single intravenous bolus of 1mg/kg of etomidate, and after administration of a dose of 1mg / etomidate kg followed by a continuous infusion of etomidate at a speed of 100 microg / kg min for 1 hour. The etomidate crossed the placenta very quickly, with high concentrations, both the mother and the fetus, and in the first determination. Maternal concentrations were at all times higher than fetal, indicating some effect on placental barrier. No evidence of cumulative effects of etomidate in the fetus, removing fetal remains as fast as in the mother. On the other hand, etomidate not depressed cardiovascular function in either the mother or the fetus. However, when it was administered by continuous infusion over 1 hour, heart rate and maternal blood pressure increased during the second half of infusion and the start of recovery. The etomidate caused slight deterioration acid, both the mother and the fetus, consisting of an increase in PaCO2 and decreased pH consistent with a mild respiratory depression. However, these changes are temporary, within the normal range, and reached their baseline during the anesthetic recovery. This respiratory depression could be a combination of the respiratory effects of etomidate and the positioning of the animal.