VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY

Author: ALBERTÍ MARTÍNEZ DE VELASCO ELENA.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO.

Summary: The objectives of this thesis has been to investigate the role of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the pacemaker activity and neuromuscular transmission in the gastrointestinal tract. The study was conducted in the colon because in this part of the gastrointestinal tract and the mechanisms of neurotransmission pacemakers are little known. The rat model was used because previous studies conducted in our laboratory showed a pacemaker home miogénico also described in the human colon. In addition, rats Was / Was presented a mutation in the c-kit gene that affects the normal development of certain cell lines, inlcuidas the ICCs. Therefore, we used three groups of animals: Sprague-Dawley rats, mutants Was / Was her sisters and controls + / +. To investigate the activity pacemakers and neurotransmission perform: 1-Tinciones immunohistoquímicas with c-kit and NOS antibodies to mark ICCs and neurons nitrérgicas respectively. 2, - Studies of the mechanical activity using a bath of bodies. 3-electric records through technical microelectrodos intracellular. Our studies show two networks ICCs in the colon of rats, at the plexuses Auerbach (ICC-AP, 100 células/mm2) and submuscular (ICC-SMP, 50-60 células/mm2). The ICCs intramurales (ICC-IM) were distributed parallel between smooth muscle cells. We got resutlados similar in Sprague-Dawley rats and + / +. In contrast, mutant rats Was / Was presented a sharp decline in immunoreactivity to c-kit. The Sprague-Dawley rats had a spontaneous electrical activity formed by slow waves and despolarizaciones cyclical, following a regular pattern. This electrical activity leads to contractions of high and low frequency, respectively. Contractions of high and low frequency varies in relation to the direction of the strip of muscle (circular or longitudinal direction), and also studied in relation to the segment (colon proximal, middle and distal). The electrical and mechanical activity of rats + / + was similar to that submitted by Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats Was / Was, on the other hand, showed an alteration of the mechanical and electrical patterns, introducing potential action that led to irregular contractions micoordinadas. The neurotransmission was studied by: 1 - The distribution and quantification of the neurons nNOS positive. 2, potential post-union inhibitory (IJP) and mechanical relaxation induced by electrical stimulation field (SAI). 3 - The presence of a neural tone. Neurons nNOS positive were found at Auerbach's plexus of forming a network of nodes and branches, accompanied by thin fibers that were found in parallel with the smooth muscle cells (highest number in the circular muscle layer). The colon averaged the most inervada (130 células/mm2). In rats Was / Was there was a slight reduction in the number of neurons nitrérgicas. Both rats Spraque-Dawley as Was / Was and + / +, electrical stimulation resulted in a field IJP and mechanical relaxation due to the release of ATP and NO. Moreover, it demonstrated a functional neural tone (inhibitory) caused by the release of ATP and tonic NO. Therefore, we can conclude that: 1 - The presence of two networks of ICCs is essential for the proper function pacemaker in the colon: 2, - ICC-SMP are responsible for the slow waves of which originate from the contractions HF. 3 - The ICC-AP be the origin of despolarizaciones cyclical contractions caused by low frequency. 4 - The mechanical properties of each strip would be re-8 sponsabl 525 is the patterns that ensure the transit engines, and propulsion mixture and finally. 5 - The ICCs c-kit positive would not be essential for neurotransmission in these rats Was / Was unless this function to be fulfilled by interstitial cell c-kit negative or there is a change in phenotype of mutant rats Was / Was. The study of pacemaker and neurotransmission activity in animal models with specific mutations is an essential tool that contributes to a better understanding of the human colonic motility in health and disease.

Author: VELASQUES PENAGOS JOSE GUILLERMO.
Year: 2004.
University: MURCIA [www.um.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: In this thesis, we investigate the role played by acid residues in siálico union espermatozoide-ZP through different trials competition union sperm and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and lectin with different monoclonal antibodies specific for siálico acid, neuraminidase enzymes, glycoproteins and carbohydrates. From the results we can conclude that the interacicón espermatozoide-ZP is a process dependent on carbohydrates, mediated by acid siálico with union alfa2, 3 to N-acetil-lactosamina contained in the glycoproteins of the ZP of cow oocytes. Likewise, there inidicos that could indicate a role of the neuraminidase enzyme in the content of cortical granules of cow oocytes must be demonstrated in future investigations.

Author: TOVAR GARCÍA ISABEL ELENA.
Year: 2005.
University: EXTREMADURA [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: It has designed a model of stress induced in the sheep, with changes alternative location and food, female sheep in ancestor. We intend to analyze the changes histofisiológicas that arise in the hypothalamus and the pineal under stress conditions, and evaluate the effect of anti-melatonin. We have set up four experimental groups: 1-To call control, where the animals are in optimal conditions. 2 - Animals under stress conditions. 3-Effect of melatonin in terms of animal welfare. 4, anti-Effect of melatonin. All assumptions will run under experimental conditions fotoperiodos long (inhibitory) and short (estimulatorios). It was conducted Analysis Histológiocs in Hypothalamic: histological configuration of the nuclei Surpaquiasmáticos the hypothalamus expression by in situ hybridization and morphometric qualification of mRNA for melatonin receptor (MT1a) inmunodetección and quantification Morphometric neurotrofinas hipotalámicas (derived neurotrophic factor of cerebro-BDNF - and growth factor neuronal -NGF-) and heat shock protein (HSP70 and 90); binding studies of 3H-dexametasona. Analysis Histólogicos in the pineal gland: inmunomarcaga and histomorfometría of Pinealocitos (Synapthophysin) and nerve fibers (neuropeptido And -NPY-), in situ hybridization to the mRNA of B1 Adrenoreceptores the membrane of pinealocitos. It was finally determined plasma concentrations and serum corticosterona and melatonin by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and concnetraciones of pineal melatonin in the hypothalamus and through cromatrografía liquid high-resolution (HPLC).

Author: NACLERIO AYLLÓN FERNANDO JOSÉ.
Year: 2006.
University: LEÓN [www.unileon.es].
Place of defense: FACU. DE CIEN. DE LA ACTIVI. FÍSI. Y EL DEPOR..
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EL DEPORTE.

Summary: The training using resistance force acting through gravity (free weights, lever machines, etc..) Or other forms (hydraulic machines, tires, springs, etc..), It is now considered an essential activity both to ensure adequate physical performance applied to any sport, mobility and functioning of the musculoskeletal system, and functional independence in the elderly (Fleck and Kraemer, 1997; Newton et al 2002). In recent years, research in the field of training of the force have highlighted the importance of the relationship between the level of force used, the speed and power output reached to determine the actual effects and adjustments caused by the training conducted (Kawamori and col 2004; Gonzalez Badillo and Ribas Serna, 2003). The aim of this study was to analyze the location of the percentages by weight respect to 1MR where they reached the highest values of average and peak power, as well as its relationship with the force power, the particular characteristics and type of training conducted by athletes from different specialties during a season in major exercises most commonly used. A group of 122 subjects 886 males and 36 females) belonging to twelve sporting disciplines were evaluated in three stages of the season training: at baseline, after four weeks of the season have started at 20 weeks (1st peak performance) and between 46-50 weeks (2 º peak performance). It implemented a progressive test to determine the level of 1mr and values of average and peak power, as well as the charges were located where the highest values. We used a rotating optical shrink with digital data output. Our results indicate that the highest values of average power and peak in the exercises performed action push (banking press, shoulder press and sentadilla) are located in an area between 40 and 60% of maximum weight, although the sentadilla in these characters coincide with the lighter weights mobilized by the subjects. In exercises with action sequence (as charged in a while) the highest values of average and peak power are located above 70%.