VETERINARY VIROLOGY

Author: PEREZ LLORET PILAR.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: We studied 102 adult animals of the canine species, females and males, ages comprencidadas between 1,5,8 years, free of disease periodental, dividiéndose into three groups according to their weight: from 0-10 kg, B 10-25 kg c larger 25 kg. It proceeded to the valuation of mobility tooth under general anesthesia and with the technical periotest periotest in the teeth of animals problema.Mediante valuation statistics of the results obtained with the technique periotest concludes. The range of mobile dental obtained with the method periostest, ranging from (-0.8) (2.5) VPT; group dental increased mobility of the bvoca dog is the incisors; 4Â fourth premolars and higher the 1Â º lower molars, are the pieces that less mobile disiologica have within these groups regardless of dental and experimental group they belong to, that the teeth are moving more central incisors 301 and 404.Los least, the premolars above 108 and 208.En overall maxillary teeth are moved less quelos jaw this assertion being statistically valid for all three groups, in case of incisors. Our study obtained values periotest (VPT), which may be considered a reference and fisiólogicos in terms of mobility dental dog, pudendose be applied in the affected teeth of periodontal disease and thus assessed the severity of injury when compared with the values that were collected in teeth affected of the disease.

Author: PÉREZ DÍAZ CARMEN.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: In human medicine, tumor registries are an essential tool for the study of cancer. The few epidemiological studies published on cancer in pets has been made, mostly, with the databases of tumors hospitals in the faculties of veterinary or large reference centers. These records of cancer, except for some differences, are comparable to the hospital records of tumors in human medicine. In our country has not been carried out so far, no epidemiological study on cancer in pets, so this work has been raised to cover this shortfall. We have analyzed the records of tumors Clinical Veterinary Hospital of the UCM from January 1991 to December 2003. During this period there have been 3782 tumors, of which 3527 are for the canine species and 255 to the feline. There has been a descriptive study of patients (species, race, sex and age) and tumors (histological lineage, location and behavior). As population at risk for the calculation of prevalence rates of hospital and the relative risks has been used for all patients who have come to Clinical Veterinary Hospital for any other reason during the same period. The prevalence of hospital benign tumors in our population was 448.65 per 100,000 perros-años and 46.40 per 100,000 gatos-años; in the case of this malignancy prevalence is 747.42 per 100,000 perros-año , and 491.44 per 100,000 gatos-año. In both species, the prevalence of cancer increases gradually with age, although some specific tumor types have a different pattern of distribution. The females have an increased predisposicíon tumor in general because the location is the most frequent tumor breast; in the other locations (except urinary system and endocrine) males have a higher risk than females. The bóxer is race with a higher risk for developing malignant tumors, whereas for benign is the setter. The cat species, due to the small number of patients, we do not believe that the calculation of risk is valid. However, we noticed a tendency of the Persian race to submit a reisgo lower suffer tumors. The percentage of patients with multiple primary tumors was 17.9% in the canine and 4.8% in the feline. This study is only a first approach and seeks to demonstrate the utility of such records for the study of cancer in veterinary medicine, as well as oncology compared.

Author: GARCÍA-SANCHO TÉLLEZ MERCEDES.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: The enteritis chronic linfoplasmocitaria canine (ECLP) is an important disease in dogs, rather than by the frequency of submission, as being responsible for most categories of chronic diarrhea and vomiting in this species. Therefore, in order to characterize this disease, we selected 46 dogs with ECLP, which studied their general characteristics, clinical, endoscopic and histologic, and the expression of cytokines (IFNgamma, TNFalfa and TGFbeta) in the mucosa duodenal.Nuestros results suggest the absence of a bias related to sex, age or weight. By contrast, in terms of race, the West Highland White Terrier dogs seem to show a higher prevalence. The illness from the point of view of activity index presents an average degree of disease clinically moderate, and vomiting (83%) and secondly diarrhea, clinical signs more represented. The endoscopic and histologic lesions are evident in all animals both in the stomach as in the duodenum. Edema, lymphangiectasia and inflammatory cell infiltration appear to be good indicators of the severity of the injury duodenal correlacionándose positively with the severity of injuries endoscopic observed. With regard to the expression of IFNgamma is more intense in dogs sick respect to the healthy, which could be implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. It has not been possible to determine the expression of TNFalfa and TGFbeta in the duodenal mucosa canine through the methods employed. Secondly, we analyze the effect of the application of a dietary and pharmacological treatment in buts with ECLP. To that end, we carried out in 16 of the patients monitored clinical features, endoscopic and histologic, and the expression of IFNgamma, during and after treatment. Thus, we see a speedy resolution of the majority of clinical signs, a fact reflected by a significant decrease in the rate of clinical activity, as well as a gradual increase in weight over the treatment. The exploration endoscopic psot-tratamiento showed a marked improvement of the macroscopic lesions (stomach and duodenum) for injuries initially described. However, the histopathological lesions (stomach and duodenum) and duodenal expression of IFNgamma did not reflect a significant change to the treatment.

Author: MURILLO CUESTA SILVIA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: Osteoarthritis is the most common disease of the joints in small animals and with a clear upward trend. The treatment of choice in most cases is conservative, based on the administration of substances with anti-inflammatory and analgesic action to control the lameness and pain, main symptoms of the disease. The non-steroidal anti - (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis and its mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which catalyzes the limiting step in the synthesis of prostaglandins associated with the process inflammatory. Current recommendations are to use NSAIDs with greater selectivity by the inducible isoform of COX, or COX-2, primarily involved in inflammation, protecting simultaneously option constituitiva or COX-1, responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins with physiological function, especially at kidney, gastrointestinal and platelet. At present we have various NSAIDs selective COX-2 with a proven effectiveness in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis but just have comparative studies showing differences between them, it often selecting an NSAID for a particular patient the price is based on availability. OBJECTIVES From our study were: 1-To establish the validity of a number of general clinical variables (temperature, general state). Functional (limp, distribution of weight lifting capacity of the contralateral limb) and local (pain, swelling, mobility and crepitation) for the evaluation of clinical osteoartrírico. 2-Confirm the efficacy and safety of carprofeno, etodolaco and meloxicam in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis. 3-To compare the clinical efficacy, safety and palatability of these three drugs. To carry out our study we used dogs with symptoms of lameness and pain that went to Clinical Veterinary Hospital of the UCM which conducted an anamnesis, exploration and general and orthopedic diagnostic methods complementary to reach a diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The animals were divided so aleatroia into three treatment groups (Carprofeno, etodolaco, meloxicam) for the treatment administered during 7-28 days depending on their clinical outcome. Revisions were made in a week which established the severity of the variables general, functional and local digital scales. Security was determined by a weekly record of the potential adverse effects that might occur as well as analytical paths are blood at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS The results show significant differences in the behavior of the three drugs in the course of treatment, with faster action etodolaco and meloxicam, with differentiated meaningful statistics for the first week. The group carprofeno evolves more slowly but gets the best values in the variables functional at the end of treatment. As for local variables, etodolaco and carprofeno are more powerful drugs with analgesic and anti-inflammatory, getting worse outcomes group meloxicam. All three drugs are safe with a low rate of side effects and minimal changes in the biochemical parameters. The palatability of the three products was regularly being an important aspect to improve in the case of drugs that require governments in the long term.

Author: ÁLVAREZ GUTIÉRREZ DE ROZAS ANA LAURA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA DE MADRID, UCM.

Summary: The realization of this thesis aims at the conservation of primary ass Zamorano-Leonés by applying biotechnology reproductive techniques, we have conducted seven independent experiments aimed at improving the techniques of artificial insemination with sperm frozen and chilled in this species. In the first experiment instauramos two seasons reproductive circuit artificial insemination with sperm cooled in the province of Zamora. During these two temperatures insemination in 21 locations, a total of 98 burras Zamorano-Leonesas with chilled semen from garañones high genetic value. This experience had a fertility per season from 41% in the first year and 67% in the second. In a second experience evaluate the effect of the addition of cholesterol using metil-beta-ciclodextrina loaded with cholesterol (FTC () in the semen cooled. Studied the effect of the concentration of the FTC's (or mg, 1.5mg and 2 mg per 120.10 6 cells) and temperature maintenance (15Â ° C vs. 4Â ° C) in the seminal quality was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 hours of maintenance. We found that samples of semen cooled both 15Â ° C to 4Â ° C and that has been previously treated with FTC's maintaining a quality sperm significantly better than untreated samples. experience in a third evaluate the effect of using alternative crioprotectores glycerol in the cryopreservation of semen ass Zamorano-Leonés. To do this we employ six crioprotectores (ethylene glycol, dimestilsulfóxido, formamide, metilformamida, dimethylformamide and metilacetamida) to four rallies each (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%) compared with the 2.5% glycerol as a control. note that, except the formamide and dimethylsulfoxide, crioprotectores protect employees donkey semen from the Cold damage at least the same extent that it does glycerol and significantly better in the case of amides (metilformamida, dimethylformamide and metilacetamida), being the dimethylformamide (DMF) to 2.5% which makes it possible to obtain the best features post-congelación. experience in the fourth studied the effect of the FTC's use of frozen semen in the ass. evaluate the quality seminal post-descongelación after treatment with FTC's semen in order to establish the optimal concentration of CLC's (0mg, 1.5mg, 2 mg, 2.5mg and 3 mg for each 120.10 6 cells) and the incubation temperature most appropriate for their use (20Â ° C vs. 37Â ° C) . note that the treatments that we had built in the semen cholesterol (FTC's) had a higher quality post-descongelación, especially the concentration of 2 mg per 120.10 6 cell and incubation of the samples at room temperature (20Â ° C ) significantly favors quality seminal post-descongelación. experience in the fifth evaluate the effect of the time of adding the FTC's (before or after centrifugation), and we study the interaction of the FTC's three crioprotectores; metilformamida, dimethylformamide and metilacetamida. note the addition of FTC's before centrifugation improved motility post-descongelación and that the use of FTC's beside dimethylformamide (DMF) to 2.5% yielded a good quality seminal post-descongelación. in the sixth experience we evaluated fertility thawed semen, this inseminamos 10 burras over 24 cycles with frozen semen from donkey with three different protocols (DMF with frozen semen, sperm treated with FTC's and glycerol and frozen semen treated with FTC's and frozen with DMF). We got a single pregnancy after the use of treated FTC's sperm and frozen with DMF. Lastly, we have created a bank of semen ass Zamorano-Leonés which currently consists of approximately 600 doses seminal come 8 tees 20b 7 garañones high genetic value and they have been frozen with or without FTC's and glycerol, MF or DMF as crioprotector.

Author: GARCIA CRESPO DAVID.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAIS VASCO.

Summary: The scrapie is a neurodegenerative disease that affects sheep and goats whose causative agent is a protein called prion or PrPSc result of a change conformacional an identical protein primary structure and consolidated by the host, the PrPc. There is a genetic disposition to suffer from scrapie linked to a series of PrP gene polymorphisms that confer susceptibility or resistance to scrapie. This relationship serves to eradicate scarpie for fear of genetic selection of animals resistant. In this paper we have developed two methods for the detection of these polymorphisms (RFLP and PCR in real time) have revealed that the hypothetical risk versus scarpie in native breeds of the Basque Country (Latxa and Carranzana). The analysis of a representative sample of these animals has emerged as these breeds have a genetic susceptibility to media suffer scarpie However, the low incidence of positive cases in the same genetic selection makes these animals to be done with caution. We also have analyzed and compared the levels of expression of the PrP gene with susceptiblidad genetic scrapie in order to test the hypothesis that in animals greater sensitivity genetic took place greater expression of the PrP gene and thus an increased presence of pioneer PrPc capable of being transformed into PrPSc. Previously, a study has been made of the stability of endogenous genes in six sheep tissue to quantify the mRNA by RT-PCR and real-time quantification relative. There has been a tendency to an increase in levels of mRNA of the gene for PrP grows susceptiblidad genetic scrapie. However, differences have been marginal and therefore unable to conclude that there is a relationship between genetic susceptibility to scarapie and the levels of mRNA gene PrP. Finally, it has carried out an analysis of the levels of expression of nine genes associated with the pathogenesis of scarapie in the brain, the cerebellum and obex of healthy animals and scarpie clinical. Employment dela real-time RT-PCR and relative quantification has helped detect alteration of genes related glía (GFPA and catepsina-S), oxidative stress (SOD), apoptosis (caspase-3), the gene 14-3 -3 zeta and the PrP gene in animals with scrapie. The differential expression of these genes in the three areas might reflect a nerve distribution space at the molecular pathogenesis of scrapie cerebellum show where the first stage of the disease compared to the obex and the brain. These results provide valuable information to better understand the complexity of the molecular pathogenesis of natural scrapie.

Author: FERNÁNDEZ PINERO JOVITA.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN SANIDAD ANIMAL (CISA-INIA).

Summary: The infectious viral disease that animals are part of the pre-LIST A of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) are a constant problem of major health and economic consequences for livestock sectors. Some of those attending with similar symptoms and lesions in pigs, as are the diseases related to bleeding African swine fever (PPP) and classical swine fever (CSF), or type of vesicular FMD (FA), Vesícula Swine Disease (PAD ) and Vesicular Stomatitis (EV). In these cases, it is essential to make a differential diagnosis laboratory to confirm the etiology of the causative agent and able to implement adequate sanitary measures. Among the various diagnostic techniques, PCR has become, by its rapidity, sensitivity and specificity, significant support for the programs of epidemiological surveillance, control and eradication. The main objectives of this thesis has been the development and standardization of a multiple RT-PCR method for the simultaneous and differential diagnosis of diseases bleeding from the list A of the IEA: PPP and PPC, and a RT-PCR method for multiple for the simultaneous differential diagnosis of the vesicular diseases from the list A of the IEA, FA, EVP and EV. The Multiple RT-PCR for the detection of viruses PPP / PPC (VPPA and VPPC) employs two pairs of first, each one specific to one of the viruses, designed in regions of the viral genome and highly conserved in the case of VPPC, specially selected to be diverging over the pestivirus BVDV (bovine viral diarrhea) and BDV (disease Border), genetically related to him. The specificity of the reaction was evaluated by multiple analysis of a large collection of isolated viral VPPA and VPPC and other related animal viruses, mainly BVDP and DVB. On the other hand, we selected 3 pairs of primers for RT-PCR multiple viruses FA / EVP / EV (VFA, VEVP and VEV). The 1 st of them, especially for the VFA allows the detection of genetic 7 serotypes viral, A, O, C, SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3 and Asi-1, the 2 nd is specific VEVP and is the last specific VEV, designed to allow the amplification of 2 serotypes major virus: Indiana-1 and New Jersey. To ensure the specificity of the reaction was analyzed a large number of virus isolates from VFA (7 serotypes), VEVP and VEV (2 serotypes), as well as other related viruses, especially Coxsackie-B5, human virus closely related VEVP. Tests were carried out sensitivity to each of the virus through RT-PCR for multiple getting a lower detection limit of 1 particle infectivity test for VPPC, VFA, VEVP and VEV and 1.2 units hemoadsorción pro trial for VPPA. Evaluation of Multiple RT-PCR techniques for use in diagnosis was conducted by analyzing a wide range of different types of clinical samples from experimentally infected animals or field with each of the target virus. The results demonstrated the validity of the tests for its application to the differential diagnosis of PPP / PPC or FA / EV / EV. In addition, this thesis has been developed and estandarizo techniques of PCR individual for use in the diagnosis of PPP, CFP and EV. Methods PCR / RT-PCR developed allow rapid detection (4-6 hours) of the virus in the early stages of infection, even when not yet clear clinical symptoms of the disease. Early detection of these pathogens is of the utmost importance to identify newly infected animals and makes these techniques in important tools for monitoring in regions free of disease, as well as useful tests screeni 8 ng to 205 control and eradication any of them, mainly in the event that coexist in certain regions.