Summary: The agri-food sector in Andalusia currently represents over 14% in the Andalusian economy. Within the agricultural sector, the involvement of the agricultural sector accounts for more than 80% of the final agricultural production in this autonomous region. Today, the rain-fed cereal production, mainly represented by durum wheat, occupy an important role in the agricultural economy Andalusian after other products such as vegetables, olive groves and industrial crops, exceeding the value of the production 200 million euros annually. The incidence of diseases criptogámicas leaf is one of the major limiting factors in the production of durum wheat and wheat. However, the economic losses associated with the development of these diseases depends on the population of the pathogen present in the area of genetics of the host and environmental conditions. The purpose of the work of this Doctoral Thesis has been conducting a comprehensive study on the effect of the major foliar diseases of durum wheat and wheat in Western Andalusia and evaluating control strategies available today. It addressed the following objectives: 1-Effect of infection oidio (blumeri agraminis f.sp.tritici) in the production of durum wheat in Western Andalusia. 2-Evaluation of the infection Puccinia Triticina and Septoria tritici in advanced lines of durum wheat and wheat and its impact on production and quality. 3, Evaluation of the efficacy of fungicides for the control of epidemics produced for Puccinia triticina and Septoria tritici in durum wheat in Western Andalusia. Influence on performance and quality products obtained. 4-Determination of the optimum methodology for applying fungicides to control rust and septoria in parda durum wheat in sustainable farming systems. 5-Effect of infection P.triticina and S.tritici in the current structure varieties of durum wheat grown in Western Andalusia. Effect on the performance and quality products obtained. The development of scientific papers produced and developed during the period between
1999 and 2004 have resulted in the following conclusions: 1 - The oidio is one of the major diseases of durum wheat in coastal areas of Western Andalusia under appropriate environmental conditions for its development, constatándose a high negative correlation between the yield of wheat and analyzed the incidence of oidio during campaigns analyzed. 2 - The new varieties that incorporate resistance genes oidio Don Manuel, Rafael and Don Sebastian pose significant increases production on witnesses reference. 3, was found-high negative correlation between the performance of new varieties of wheat and analyzed the incidence of P.triticina and S.tritici. The eradication of the disease factor by applying the fungicide epxoiconazol meant significant increases in performance, weight per hectoliter and weight of a thousand seeds, while the protein content, vitrosidad and index fall did not suffer significant variations. 4-Epidemics caused by P.triticina and S.tritici are the main limiting factor type biotic in trido hard in Western Andalusia. By contrast, the wheat showed the greatest genetic resistance of this kind of disease described. 5, - was found effective treatments fungicides in controlling these diseases, and the mixture epoxiconazol + estrobirulina treatment revealed that the highest levels of performance and weight per hectoliter. 6-effectiveness was demonstrated to make a single application of fungicide ad 8 osis com 7cc ercial total Stadium fenológico the flag leaf deployed regard to reducing the dosage or duplicate fragment. 7, All-durum wheat varieties tested were susceptible to P.triticina and S.tritici. We note the need to incorporate genetic resistance in the Vegetable Improvement programs. 8 - The influence of environmental factors was decisive in the development of both diseases, as well as the production and quality of wheat analyzed. 9, - was shown the influence of fungicide treatment on performance and weight per hectoliter in all genotypes and environments studied. However, the protein content, pigmented, index gluten and vitrosidad showed no significant change. 10, - from all varieties tested, carioca, Amilcar, Wasp, Iride and Yavaros were significantly more productive with and without fungicide treatment. 11, - from all varieties tested, Rafael was the strain with the best quality in all environments and genotypes studied. 12, - was demonstrated profitability economic fungicide treatment in the average varieties tested, reaching 236 euros per hectare after the application of the fungicide.
