NEMATODES

Author: PIEDRA BUENA DIAZ ANA.
Year: 2004.
University: ALMERÍA [www.ual.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA.

Summary: We have studied the behavior of four species of Meloidogyne most important vegetable crops protected: M. Incognita, M. Javanica, M. Arenaria and M. Hapla, taking as reference management systems in horticulture protected areas representing Spain and Uruguay. The use of pepper and tomato cultivars with resistance genes and technical biofumigación are discussed as alternatives for managing interest to the populations of Meloidogyne. For its optimization and adaptation to the management systems studied arises characterize virulence of the populations of Meloidogyne from the selected areas using pepper and tomato cultivars with resistance genes, as well as studying the effectiveness of different organic materials as biofumigantes. The agro-climatic characteristics and agronomic practices of the horticultural areas selected, along with information obtained in the tests, allow to establish guidelines for the design of management systems. The characterization of virulence of the Meloidogyne species was performed by applying a differential bioassay with hosts including horticultural crops with resistance genes: tomato cv. Nikita and peppers cvs Charleston Seal and California Wonder, as well as tomato susceptible cv. Marmande, peppers susceptible cvs Capino and Sonar, cotton cv. DP61, snuff cv. NC95, strawberry cv. Camarosa and Tagetes erecta. We test biofumigación laboratory to assess different organic materials as biofumigantes potential remains for growing cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, strawberries and acelga, Tagetes erecta of green manure, composts pomace vine, alperujo olive, mushroom substrate exhausted and remnants of the cork industry, manure byproducts of industry and citrus cultivation. The parálT) etros evaluated were: effectiveness in controlling Meloidogyne (mortality of juveniles), soil fertility, index nodulation in roots, height, weight and nutrition of plants cultivated on soil biofumigado. To supplement this information has studied the degradation of plant tomato, cucumber and pepper on the floor, as well as the presence of biominerales in these crops. The study of the virulence in 65 populations of Meloidogyne studied (54 of Spain and 11 in Uruguay) identified 18 biotypes of M. Íncognita, 4 M. Javanica, 2 M. Arenaria and 3 M. Hapla, finding new breed of M. Incognita, M. , And M. javanica Hapla. There was an association between frequency of virulent biotypes to peppers and tomatoes with resistance genes and the monoculture of these species. Likewise, the ability of parasite snuff and cotton were found associated with the performance of these crops, noting that this capability is maintained for several years after they have ceased to take place. Tests biofumigación helped identify materials biofumigantes more effective for controlling Meloidogyne, with beneficial effects on soil and crops: remnants growing cucumber, pepper, tomato and strawberry, grape pomace compost, products of citrus fruit industry and manure. The information gathered enables propose guidelines for the design of management systems in protected horticulture, pointing to its stability, diversity and capacity for self-regulation.