PROTECTING FORESTS

Author: RUIZ GONZÁLEZ ANA DARÍA.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID [www.upm.es].
Place of defense: ETS DE INGENIEROS DE MONTES.
Place of preparation: ETS INGENIEROS DE MONTES.

Summary: We have studied the variation and the prediction of forest fuel moisture from the dead in mass radiata pine pinastez and conducting tests on several parcels of mountain weather and small laboratories installed on them. It examines the influence of meteorology and physiographic aspects of the variation in moisture content of fuels. Various mathematical models are proposed for predicting moisture from the different factors that affect the variation in moisture content of fuels.

Author: SAQUETE FERRÁNDIZ ALBERTO.
Year: 2004.
University: ALICANTE [www.ua.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: Featured are a number of techniques for reforestation collectors of water to improve growth and survival of reforestation in areas deficitiarias in water and nutrients. Showing benefit for individuals and planted. In addition, it has improved the responses of those reforestation using substrates production nutritious based sewage sludge is composted along with grape pomace to improve the physical conditions of the same. Sometimes, the use of such techniques is not showing improvements instantly, but in different locations and stocking old to be conducted with such techniques if it is coming to measure these better results, both growth and survival, with the passage of time and accumulation of values. Using measurements ecofisiológicas has been very helpful to be able to quantify these changes and help us apredecir trends in the various reforestation. Moreover, all these parameters are well correlated with each other.

Author: PÉREZ-SOBA DIEZ DEL CORRAL IGNACIO.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID [www.upm.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE MONTES.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE MONTES.

Summary: THE THESIS REVISA IN FIRST PLACE, THE ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT AND THE NATURE OF THE CURRENT IMPORTANT LEGAL INSTITUTION IS THE CATALOG MONTES PUBLIC UTILITY (CMUP). AFTER THAT, REVISA HISTORY AND PRESENT STATE OF POTESTADES ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTATION, DESLINDE And AMOJONAMIENTO OF FORESTRY PUBLIC, INCLUDING SPECIAL EVENT ARAGONESE REFERENCES TO NATIONAL LAW AND FORESTRY OF 2003, THE CONCLUDES THAT HAS NOT KNOWN REGULAR ADECUADAMENTE DEFENSE PROPERTY OF THE FOREST. THE FOCUS OF THE THESIS ANALYSIS IS THE CASE OF THE PROVINCE OF ZARAGOZA. FIRST IS REVISAN PROCESSES FOR FORMATION OF VARIOUS CATALOGS OF FORESTRY PUBLIC (1859, 1862, 1901, 1935, 2004), CONCLUYÉNDOSE THAT AFTER THE FORMATION OF THE CATALOG OF 1901, THE MAIN INCORPORATION OF FORESTRY TO CMUP IN THE PROVINCE IS IN DA 1924-1930, WITH UP REPUNTES BY INCORPORATION OF FORESTRY OF STATE IN THE DECADE OF 1960 AND NEW CATALOGACIONES FROM 1992, AND ON ALL OF 1999. THIS WAY THE CMUP ZARAGOZANO INCLUDES IN DECEMBER 2004 A TOTAL OF 458 MONTES PUBLIC TO POSE MORE THAN 350,000 HECTARES TOTALS (ON THE 20% OF TOTAL PROVINCIAL). DISCUSS IT IS AFTER THE PROCESS OF DEFENSE OF THE PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF THE FORESTRY IN THIS PROVINCE, LLEGÁNDOSE TO THE CONCLUSION THAT THE MAXIMUM PERIOD OF ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF DESLINDE And AMOJONAMIENTO IS WITH MUCH, THE PERIOD 1956-1975, DETÉCTANDOSE A LEVE REPUNTE SINCE 2001, A DOWN AFTER SEVERE SINCE 1980. PESE TO, NEARLY 80% OF FORESTRY CATALOGADOS ZARAGOZANOS REMAIN STILL WITHOUT DESLINDAR AND HALF OF DESLINDADOS REMAINING STILL WITHOUT AMOJONAR. HE CONCLUDES IN FINAL TO THE FORMATION OF DEFENSE AND CATALOGS OF FORESTRY PUBLIC IS STILL AN OPEN TASK IN THE PROVINCE OF ZARAGOZA TO can ONLY COMPLETARSE WITHIN REASONABLE TIME AROUND, WITH A STRONG INVESTMENT AND DEDICATION OF STAFF SPECIALIZED AND VOCACIONADO .

Author: MADRIGAL OLMO JAVIER.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S.I. AGRONOMOS Y MONTES.
Place of preparation: E.T.S.I AGRONOMOS Y MONTES.

Summary: The objectives of this study were to describe, quantify and value the regeneration of P. Pinaster after big forest fires in different regions of origin and determine the most influential factors involved in the process. It has selected 12 large fires affecting masses of P. Pinaster in areas of natural distribution of the species in different stages of growth, between 1 and 3 years and between 6 and 9 years after the fire. It took up parcels along linear transects where data were taken, both of regenerated as variables of the physical environment, the mass adult pre-fuego and characteristics of bed for germination. The study was completed with variables obtained from the geo-referenced databases. By modeling statistical linear and logistic have also identified the factors most influential at the local level, both in density and in the state of the plants (height, diameter and slenderness). Finally, we have developed models at the national level including all available data and reserving a subsample to validate. We have used statistical models of linear type, and multinomial logistic and models based on the development of neural network (artificial intelligence). The results show the influence of factors related to the region and the site of origin, and the characteristics of the adult mass (estimated harvest, basal area, serotinia), geology, class lithological, fitoclima, meteorology post-incendio and forest productivity potential. They also show the influence of local factors such as the height and coverage of the litter and humus layer, the degree of erosion, stoniness and the physical and chemical characteristics of the first centimeters of soil. We present several examples of application of the models and in the light of the results and their practical application are proposed future prospects for the enhancement and validation of models obtained, and its inclusion in future studies to improve knowledge, monitoring and managing these masses.

Author: Santamaría Becerril Oscar.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID [www.uva.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S. de Ing. Agrarias de Palencia.
Place of preparation: E. T.S. de Ing. Agrarias de Palencia.

Summary: Gremmeniella abietina whose anamorph is Brunchorstia pinea, is a pathogenic fungus that causes one of the most serious diseases on various genres of conifers in North America, Europe and Asia. In Spain, this fungus was first identified in 1933 attacking a stocked Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, but since then have not exist until references theirs in 1999 appeared seriously affected trees in a pine forest reforestation in Pinus halepensis counties castellano-leonesas of Cerrato and Tierra de Campos. Under these assumptions, this paper has sought to provide information on a pathogen so harmful in other regions and that there is little knowledge about the behavior of isolated Spaniards in the conditions of our country. The specific objectives of this study were, first, characterizing both morphological and physiological and molecular level of isolates obtained Spaniards, determining the variability between them. We also evaluated its potencialpatógeno on some of the most representative species of pine in the country and discussed the eficaciia of different control agents, both biological and chemical, as opposed to the development and growth of fungus. Finally determining it was intended relationship between G.abietina and two fungal pathogens, Sclerophoma pythiophila and Cenangium ferruginosum, often associated with vegetable samples with the presence of G. Abietina, and the degree of involvement that showed each of them in the symptoms observed in the field. It conducted various tests in the laboratory and in the greenhouse, which used comomaterial fungico a total of 32 isolates of G. Abietina, 15 fungi endófitos for experiments controlbiológico and fungi S. Pythiophila and C. Ferruginosum. The plant material used consistiófundamental in plants 1 and 2 savias Pinus pinea, P. Silvestris, P. Nigra, P. Pinaster, P.radiata, P. Halepensis and P.uncinata.

Author: Martin García Juan Antonio.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID [www.upm.es].
Place of defense: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes.
Place of preparation: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes.

Summary: Stocks of Ulmus minor Europe are seriously threatened by grafiosis, the most devastating and widespread disease of elm. Ophiostoma novo-ulmi develops inside the vessel's xylem cusando its cavitation. This process creates leaf wilting and, in almost all cases, the death of the tree. In this paper, has been studied in U. Minor variations in susceptibility with age and its possible relation to the variation of the anatomical characteristics of xylem, and has compared the formation of seasonal xylem in U. Minor with a sort of tolerant to grafiosis, U. Pumila. It has also been applied spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), with multivariate analysis techniques to analyze metabolic changes in xylem tissue U. Minor infected with O. Novo-ulmi, and to compare metabolic profiles of elm on different levels of resistance. The results showed resistance young elm two and three savias. There was a significant relationship between the variation in susceptibility with age and the variation of certain anatomical factors. A lower average diameter of the vessel, a lower hydraulic conductivity theoretical, and a lower proportion of large vessels in the early wood were associated with higher levels of resistance. It is thought that these factors contribute to a lower growth of the pathogen by the vascular system and greater ease for the compartmentalization of the disease. U.minor formed vessels larger diameters U. Pumila at the beginning of the growing period, but as of June 15 the diameter of the vessels were higher in U. Pumila. After inoculation U. With minor O. Novo-ulmi, there was a reduction in levels of polysaccharides of xylem and an increase in levels of phenolic compounds. It observed the formation of barriers compartmentalization of the disease, formed by parenchyma cells suberizadas. For the 15 days after inoculation, of U.minor resistant individuals had higher levels of starch that susceptible individuals. It differed from healthy tissue chemically xylem U. Minor and U. Pumila, as well as individuals resistant and susceptible U. Minor. Again, high starch content were associated with high levels of resistance, which may be related to increased energy capacity of the tree to activate defense mechanisms. However, other chemical components, such as levels of cellulose, lignin and pectin, also contributed to the distinction between groups of susceptibility. The results confirm that the resistance of elm to grafiosis is a polygenic, acting factors preexisting resistance to infection, such as the size of the vascular elements or the chemical composition of xylem, and factors induced by infection, such as training barriers of foreclosure or production of phenolic compounds.