Horticulture

INTERACTIONS GENE CONTROLLING FLOWERING IN THE PROCESS OF TOMATO MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION.

Author: DULANTO BEJARANO PAOLA ANGELLA.
Year: 2003.
University: ALMERÍA.
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: Features agronomic important as earliness and quality of fruit, heavily dependent on the time of flowering, which is determined by a process known as floral transition, a complex process that defines the phase shift growth vegetatívo to reproductive growth because the integration of signals genetic, hormonal and environmental conditions that promote the flowering are perceived in different parts of the plant, with signs identifying the stage of development in which it is located. Among the isolated genes in Arabidopsis to take place flowering are losgenes lEAFY, APETALA1 (AP1), AP2, CAL UFO and FRUITFUlL (FUL), but only LEAFY and AP1 are indispensable because both are required to complete the formation of flowers . In this paper, we tried to decipher the nature of the interactions between different mutations that alter patterns of reproductive development of tomato, from the time of flowering until the identity of the organs of the flower, passing through the identity and maintenance of meristemo floral. We have used genetic analysis of progeny F2 obtained from crossbreeding plants carrying various mutations and subsequent characterization fenolípica of single and double mutants in these segregating progeny. We used the mutant tomato: pistillate (pi), blind2 (bI2) and single flower truss (ndy); asicomo of mutant altered in the development sympodial self prunning (sp). The gene IP is a key gene in the control of two stages of the reproductive development of tomato, the time of flowering and the establishment of the identity of the floral meristemos apical and sympodial. The mutation bl2 exerts an effect epistático both on the mutaciól) pi on sp. For its part, the plants homocigóticas for mutant alleles pi and ndy show a phenotype extreme, with total absence of flowers, which indicaqueambosgenes are absolutely essential for the initiation of flowering tomato. Finally, IP and SP genes involved in pathways independent of flowering, because the double mutant pi-sp show phenotypes certain additives such as growth of the plant, as is characteristic of mutant sp and developing an inflorescence with undetermined vegetative characters , the changing characteristics of pi. We have isolated and characterized two genes tomato (LeAP1.1 and leAP1.4) counterparts to gene AP1 Arabidopsis. The protein LeAP1.4 is identical to the protein MACROCALlX tomato by Joque not discussed. The molecular characterization of the gene LeAP1.1 isolated from the tomato genome indicates that both the cDNA as and organizacióngenómica are their sequence very similar to those described for AP1 Arabidopsis and SQUA of Antirrhinum majus, considered molecular and functional gene mind counterparts. However, it can not be ruled out that the isolated gene in tomatoes may be the counterpart FUL Arabidopsis gene, as suggested by the fact that these proteins share 65% of waste identical. The results on the genomic organization of LeAP1.1 noted the existence of other genes counterparts to it in the tomato genome, which probably formed various subgroups of genes whose members could be grouped into two subfamílias homologous to those described and characterized in Arabidopsis. In addition, LeAP1.1 involved in controlling the identity of meristemo floral tomato, as they find that their pattern of expression is similar to that of AP1 Arabidopsis.; Since the transcribed gene tomato detected significantly in reproductive organs and tissues, merístemos floral and flowers, not in roots and leaves where they are virtually absent. The functional characterization of LeAP1.1 indicates that could control the transition vegetativo-reproductivo of merístemo apical, which would explain the advancement in the beginning of flowering when the level 8 of Comp 17ba scritosaumenta. This is the same phenotype that promotes the constitutive expression of the gene AP1 Arabidopsis, not only in this but in crucifer species genetically as remote as poplar, orange, and what is more interesting, tomatoes (Ellul and cabbage. 2004). Somehow, this coincidence in the phenotypes produced by overexpression de.AP1 and LeAP1.1 suggests some functional homology between the two species with growth habit monopodial (Arabidopsis) and sympodial (tomato), which in turn, is not but a finding that the gene codes for development plant are widely conserved in different plant families. Features agronomic important as earliness and quality of fruit, heavily dependent on the time of flowering, which is determined by a process known as floral transition, a complex process that defines the phase shift vegetative growth to reproductive growth because the integration of signals genetic, hormonal and environmental conditions that promote the flowering are perceived in different parts of the plant, with signs identifying the stage of development in which it is located. Among the isolated genes in Arabidopsis to take place are flowering genes LEAFY, APETALA1 (AP1), AP2, CAL UFO AND FRUITFULL (FUL), but only LEAFY and AP1 are indispensable because both are needed for the formation of flowers complete. In this paper, we tried to decipher the nature of interactions between distíntas mutations that alter patterns of reproductive development of tomato, from the time of flowering until the identity of the organs of the flower, passing through the identity yel maintenance of floral meristemo . We have used genetic analysis of progeny F2 obtained from crossbreeding plants carrying various mutations and the subsequent phenotypic characterization of single and double mutants in these segregating progeny. We used the mutant tomato: pistillate (pi), blind2 (bI2) and single flower truss (ndy), as well as altered in the mutant development sympodial self prunning (sp). The gene IP is a key gene in the control of two stages of the reproductive development of tomato, the time of flowering and the establishment of the identity of the floral meristemos apical and sympodial. The mutation bl2 exerts an effect epistático both on the mutation on pi sp. For its part, the plants homocigóticas for mutant alleles pi and ndy show a phenotype extreme, with total absence of flowers, suggesting that both genes are absolutely essential for the initiation of flowering tomato. Finally, IP and SP genes involved in pathways independent of flowering, because the double mutant pi-sp show phenotypes certain additives such as growth of the plant, as is characteristic of mutant sp and development de'una inflorescence with indeterminate characters vegetative, characteristics of the mutation pi. We have isolated and characterized two genes tomato (LeAP1.1 and LeAP1.4) counterparts to gene AP1 Arabidopsis. The protein LeAP1.4 is identical to the protein MACROCALlX tomato so it is not analyzed. The molecular characterization of the gene LeAP1.1 isolated ef tomato genome indicates that both the cDNA and genomic sequence and organization are very similar wings described for AP1 Arabidopsis and SQUA of Antirrhinum majus, considered molecular and functional gene counterparts. However, it can not be ruled out that the isolated gene in tomatoes may be the counterpart FUL Arabidopsis gene, as suggested by the fact that these proteins share - 65% waste identical. The results on the genomic organization of LeAP1.1 noted the existence of other genes counterparts to it in the tomato genome, which probably formed various subgroups of genes whose members could be grouped into two subfamilies homologous to those described and caracteri: Sent in Arabidopsis. In addition, LeAP1.1 involved in controlling the identity of meristemo floral tomato, as they find that their pattern of expression is similar to that of AP1 Arabidopsis; since the transcribed gene tomato detected significantly in tissues and reproductive organs, floral meristemos and flowers, not just in roots and leaves where they are virtually absent. The functional characterization of LeAP1.1 indicates that could control the transition vegetativo-reproductivo of meristemo apical, which would explain the advancement in the beginning of flowering when the level of transcrítos increases. This is the same phenotype that promotes the constitutive expression of the gene AP 1 of. Arabidopsis, not only in this but in crucifer species genetically as remote as poplar, orange, and what is more interesting, tomatoes (Ellul and col.2004). Somehow, this coincidence in the phenotypes produced by overexpression of AP1 and leAP1.1 suggests some functional homology between the two species with growth habit monopodial (Arabidopsis) and sympodial (tomato), which in turn, is but a finding that the gene codes for development plant are widely conserved in different plant families.

HORTICULTURE