PRODUCTION OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS

Author: GONZÁLEZ CÉSPEDES ALICIA M..
Year: 2003.
University: ALMERÍA [www.ual.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITECNÍCA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: E. POLITECNICA SUPERIOR .UNV. ALMERÍA.

Summary: One of the main problems in the province of Almeria is its high structural water deficit. This serious problem is at present dealt with measures to increase the availability of this resource as wastewater reuse, desalination and shifts agua.Pero, silmuntaneamente, must be a priority target improvement dela use efficiency irrigation water in intensive agriculture, the largest user of this resource. The starting point for improving the use of irrigation water in agriculture is known to crop evapotranspiration (Etc.) Recently, it has adapted the methodology FAO (Doorenbos and Pruitt, 1977) to determine the Etc. of the major vegetable crops in greenhouse floor sanding and Almeria susando climatic data in real-time or historical climate data or means of a series of 14 years (Fernandez, 200; Fernandez et al., 2001). And it has developed a software for estimating Etc. of these crops in time rea, available for technicians and farmers in http:www. Laspalmerillas.cajamar.es and climate data for the previous day (overall external radiation and air temperature of the greenhouse). In practice, the use of this tool by farmers and technicians had so far been limited because the methodology is relatively laborious (daily data) and complex in relation to the technological level of the greenhouses of the Spanish Mediterranean coast. This thesis was structured in four chapters, aims to develop basic risk programs that improve the efficiency of water use in irrigation of crops in the greenhouse and horticultural soil sanding the coast of Almeria.

Author: CHAVES IZQUIERDO LUZ ANGELA.
Year: 2003.
University: ALMERÍA [www.ual.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: E.P.S.

Summary: In order to meet the growing dietary behavior Aglaonema comnutatun var. Silver Queen in the area mediterránera low system recirculante were carried out a series of works that include the study of the evolution of salt dissolution recirculante under climatic conditions of winter and summer, the estimated water consumption depending on the environmental parameters and growth defined in the model Penman-Montieth edited for modeling perspiration study of the dynamics of absroción nutrient by the plant nutrient content in the various fractions (root, stem and leaf) of the same and assessing the effect of changes in nutritional parameters on the morphology, development and quality ornamental. Trials were llevarón out in a INSOLE (Solar Greenhouse Buried) located in the CIFA De la Mojonera (Almeria, Spain). Treatments employed were: use of various sources of N in connection NO3: NH4 + for (To) 6:0, (T1) 6:3 and (T2) 0:6 mmol L -1 variation in the concentration of K + (TO) 6 and (T3) 12 mmol L-1; amendment to the EC (To) 1.4 and (T4) 4.0 dS m-1; modification of Ph (To) 6.5 and (T5) 8.0 and concentration N-NO3- (t61) 5, (t62) 10 (T63) 20 and (T64) 40 mmol L-1.

Author: LÓPEZ ELÍAS JESÚS.
Year: 2003.
University: ALMERÍA [www.ual.es].

Summary: The application of exogenous hormones affect the growth and development of the various organs of the plant, but little is known about how to act when they are applied to the dissolution nutritious. This study assessed the effect of the application to the root of two commercial products, AIB 0.4% (Exuberone)  ® and ANA 0.2%, AIB 0.1% and cytokines 0.02 (Razormín)  ® in four different agro: esquejado, nursery, greenhouse and open field, during the period from 2001 to 2003. The parameters measured were grouped into: part aerial root system, production, fruit quality, fertirriego and efficiency in water use, according to agrosystem evaluated. The spread of cuttings, the response to the use of Exuberone ® varies from one species to another. In ivy, their jobs during the soaking and applications fortnightly promotes the growth of the area, while their employment only during the soaking promotes the growth of the root system. Not recommended for use on the spread of rosemary. In breeding, the answer to the application of the products in tomato and lettuce seedlings varies from one crop to another. In tomato, implementation weekly Exuberone ® 0.25 mL L-1 promotes the growth of the aerial part, with a negative effect on the parameters of the root system. In lettuce, applying Exuberone ® 0.5 and 1.0 mL L-1 promotes the growth of the air and the root system. Razormín ® inhibits response tomato, not recommended for implementation weekly nursery while in lettuce, this product at 0.25 mL L-1 promotes growth in the parameters of the air and the root system. In the intensive production of pepper and melon, the answer to the weekly application of the products evaluated varies from one crop to another. In peppers, implementing Exuberone ® 0.5 L ha-1 promotes the response of the crop while in melon is less clear response to the implementation of the product. In peppers, Exuberone ® 0.5 L ha-1 promotes growth of the root system, favoring a higher consumption of water and nutrients, with a reduction in the emission of pollutants into the environment ions, and an increase in production. Applying Razormín  ® 1.0 L ha-1 promotes the response of pepper cultivation while in melon is a better response in 0.5 L ha-1. In the production of lettuce in the open field application of both products favors the response of the crop, whose purpose is to promote the implementation of Exuberone ® 0.5 L ha-1 and Razormín ® 1.0 L ha-1.

Author: RICARDEZ SALINAS MARCIA GUADALUPE.
Year: 2004.
University: ALMERÍA [www.ual.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA, DEPARTAMENTO DE PRODUCCIÓN VEGETAL.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA.

Summary: The ban on the use of methyl bromide which revalorice as accomplished an alternative technique graft, which can provide effective but also other advantages in the production of horticulture. There have been significant increases in the harvest fruit in many crops despite diseases in the soil. The experiments were conducted in greenhouses commercial type scratched and amagado with soil sandblasting, located in Campohermoso Nijar, Almeria for two cycles. (Campaign 2002-03 and 2003-04). - Cultivars used were: -Pitenza and Ikram, varieties that are commercialized bouquet. - Daniela and Eldiez, cultivars which is marketing units. The rootstocks that were used were: -Beaufort, Brigeor, Heman and Popeye (Campaign 2002-03) -Beaufort, Brigeor, Heman, Maxifort and Spirit (Campaign 2003-04). - The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications for each variety vs. rootstock. The basic plots in the first year were 13 m2, they planted thirteen grafted plants. In the campaign 2003-04, the plots measured 10m2 used in this case ten grafted tomato plants. We evaluated the parameters of productivity and quality in different combinations variety / rootstock obtained the following results: In the commercial production and complete the cycle in both campaigns, the rootstock not exerted no effect on the different cultivars; differences in the commercial production been influenced by the farm. The qualitative parameters (OBrix, color, pH and firmness) fluctuated over the period depending on the crop variety. It is not appreciated in a meaningful way that the rootstock exert some influence on the value of these attributes in samples of fruits analyzed. Daniela stressed so as to the weight and diameter of fruits and hp Eldiez are differentiated by introducing greater consistency, keeping these significant differences. Ios two trials. In the varieties Pitenza and Ikram the number of fruits ramilletes present in the market was influenced by cultivating a significant, as are the parameters of pH and  ° Brix.

Author: VALDEZ TORRES LUIS CARLOS.
Year: 2004.
University: ALMERÍA [www.ual.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA.
Place of preparation: ESTACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL LAS PALMERILLAS DE CAJAMAR.

Summary: The overall objective of this thesis was to evaluate the ability vegetable crops in several sensors measuring the state of the ground water and soil moisture to detect water stress or identify thresholds soil moisture. This evaluation was conducted to determine the potential of these sensors for scheduling irrigation greenhouse vegetable crops. Sequentially were established four vegetable crops in soil franco-arenoso and greenhouse pástico without climate control. Crops were of autumn-winter pepper and tomato, and spring melon and tomato. For each crop, volumetric moisture was measured with a team FDR and the potential mátrico with tensiometros and sensors granular matrix (SMG). In each crop were imposed two periods of drying soil whose duration ranged between 10 and 62 days, during which, in 4 plots replicated not implemented irrigation, in other 4 pacelas were watered adecuagamente and repeatedly beat a third intermediate receiving irrigation deficit. In every period of drying, sensors were used linear displacement transducers differentials (LVOT) for the measurement of continuous fluctuations of stem diameter (OT) and measured the water potential of stem and leaf. As of OT, the indexes were derived: MCO, TCMax, TCMin and accumulated growth based on the evolution of the daily maximum and minimum values. The results showed us that the period of drying winter with low demand evaporative rates derivatives OT failed to respond to descación soil, but in terms of moderate to high evaporative demand, the implementation of the drying cycles caused a significant response in OT parameters derived from an increase in the MCO, and a decrease in TCMax. In the state of soil water was evaluated calibration sensor array granular comparing the potential mátrico measured with the MGA and the electrotensiómetros, for a range of Oa -80 kPa. We evaluated several calibration equations published, a situ and versions re-parametrizadas of equations published. The results indicated that for low evaporative demand, equation Thompson and Armstrong (1987) was the most accurate for the range of Oa -30 kPa, while Shock et al (1998) to -30 to -80 kPa. The equation situ and re-reparametrizadas proved to be more accurate in the conditions under which they were developed, but to change the conditions (demand evaporativa-cultivo) differed to the original losing its precision. The SMG filed a response slower up the tensiómetros and have problems in the measures in wet soils. In relating the ratio of potecial water measured without irrigation in the treatment and control with the potential mátrico soil, identified thresholds for the application of irrigation. The threshold values obtained were consistent with those of literature. Finally, to evaluate the effect of soil salinity on the behavior of a team FOR MGA and, by increasing the onductividad electric (EC) from the soil solution to values between 5.4 and 7.2 dSm-1 in 4 plots and compare it with control 2.9 dSm-1, was found to overestimate the team FOR volumetric moisture in a 27% with respect to the action in the control. The SMG were affected by moderate levels of salinity, pesentando readings electrical resistance lower than the control treatment, which caused an estimate on the potential mátrico soil.

Author: HUITRON RAMIREZ MARIA VICTORIA.
Year: 2004.
University: ALMERÍA [www.ual.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE PRODUCCIÓN VEGETAL UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA.

Summary: Aiming to dispense with watermelon pollination diploid (seed) in plantations whose main objective is to get watermelon (seedless), were evaluated the effect of fitorreguladores on production and competent performance and quality of watermelon diploid, conducted a series of experiments during the years 2003 and 2004. Applications were CPPU and 2.4 Da different concentrations for cuaje fruit in cultivating queen of hearts. Likewise, one of the concentrations (200 ppm) was used for cuaje fruit in other experiments do more. One of them evaluated the influence of different rootstocks in the production and quality of queen of hearts, and in the other behavior of different cultivars watermelon tripoloide grafted on rootstock RS841. The most important results are presented below. The application of CPPU the ovary of the flower of watermelon at a dose of 100 to 200 ppm lead productions comparable to those obtained through pollination entomofila, remain higher than those obtained with the implementation of 2.4 D pulverized to the plant. The highest production values are obtained with combinations queen of hearts on citrullus lanatus, lagenaria siceraria and RS841, rootstocks not presented any problem rooting and incompatibility. Shitoza, RS840, rootstocks not presented any problem rooting for incompatibility, Shintoza, RS841 and Cucurbita Moschata presented percentages of plants affected by nematodes in 75%, 65% and 63% respectively, while lagenaria siceraria introduced a 44% and citrullus lanatus a 25%. Sycios angulatus showed incompatibility with the cultivar Queen of hearts. With regard to experiment with different varieties, queen of hearts is maintained in the two experiments in the group of watermelons more productive. In the first year in that group are also funny and valdoria and in the second emerald. Neither of the two years were detected significant differences in the parameters. Soluble solids, pH Firmness pulp, thick crust and perimeter cross, exceptción of fashion in the second year gained significantly different from all the others in the content of soluble solids. The production is a function of the number of fruits overflowing. The concentration of 200 ppm CPPU was effective for cuaje fruit in all cultivars tested. CPPU at a dose of 200 ppm on cultivating queen of hearts on the grafted rootstock listed also showed effective.