AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Author: FERNANDEZ SIERRA LUIS MIGUEL.
Year: 2003.
University: ALMERÍA.
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA.

Summary: Ambitions for quality is the way vital for the survival of agriculture in developed countries in a global market increasingly competitive. The actions, respectful of the environment and the means of production, undertaken by the horticultural firms of southeastern Spain, for obtaining ia food security of their products as well as quality certification, are studied in this thesis. These actions will enable satisfy the tastes and needs of consumers as well as provide the guarantees demanded by commercial distributors. From 1,995 have emerged different systems of certification of quality volunteers in fruits and vegetables with a common main objective, however, the ultimate consumer is not able to identify ios fruit and vegetables certificates with the corresponding "added value". The research work, it reflects the quality standards voluntary, and applicable certifiable in the horticultural sector. With the proliferation of numerous regulatory quality, productor-comercializador of fruits and vegetables does not have arguments to choose the option that provides satisfaction to its customers. In this regard, the research proposal is based on the approach of two working hypotheses: - The first analyzes and discusses the production sector marketer of fruits and vegetables in Almeria, as well as various systems of quality volunteers and applicable requirements from the perspective the productor-comercializador and distributor. The second-justifies the need to introduce a comprehensive system of quality companies hortofrutícolas Almeria as comprehensive solution to the growing demand for quality. To that end, it makes a SWOT analysis of the different quality systems applicable to the horticultural sector and proposes a model of comprehensive quality. The first scenario that poses as a diagnostic on the sector productor-comercializador fruit and vegetables Almeria and different quality systems implementation in the horticultural sector. The second focuses on the generation of information, which is not known, analyzing the business climate and quality depending on the perception on the same business executives have with recognized quality system and operators of commercial distribution chains who are supplied with fruit and vegetables. As a result of the confrontation of the two working hypotheses, which justifies the need to establish and certify a system of comprehensive quality, a quality model that integrates and incorporates the requirements of each of the processes of production and marketing to meet the regulatory requirements in quality of the distribution chain and / or supermarket fruit and vegetables in Europe.

Author: ARELLANO GARCIA MARCO ANTONIO.
Year: 2003.
University: ALMERÍA.
Place of defense: INGENIERIA RURAL.
Place of preparation: INGENIERIA RURAL.

Summary: The high risk of economic losses caused by diseases criptogámicas transmitted by insects. Have forced farmers to protect themselves by establishing meshes anti-insectos at the entrances of natural ventilation. However. This has led to a new problem: the decline in the rate of ventilation. The solution to estadisminución in the rate of ventilation, was the installation of forced ventilation. To increase or failing igualarla. And so to avoid the problems previously mencilnados. However. It is considered que.la introduction of forced ventilation systems has been carried out without the knowledge of scientific detailed his involvement in the microclimate inside the greenhouse. In this research is scientifically characterized the microclimate inside the greenhouse Almeria and contrasted natural ventilation systems and forced with 15 and 30 renewals of air per hour. As for the characterization of the greenhouse, it was found that the northern sector recorded a lower temperature than the rest of the sectors. In all the months and crops studied. The area south of greenhouse scratched and amagado. It is the highest temperature in the autumn-winter season in the spring season. In the case of asymmetric greenhouse Almeria subtype. It was found that the sector higher temperatures. Up to the middle of the greenhouse. Regarding the forced ventilation systems. It was found that with the renewal fees studied, it does not get significant changes in the microclimate inside the greenhouse. Only the variable absolute humidity is higher in both systems of forced ventilation. The increase in this variable. It is due to the closure of the greenhouse and the inability of removal of this excess moisture, causing drastic reductions in the yield fruit in the autumn-winter season, and the spring season get similar yields. The three ventilation systems and only had problems drip on the crop. In the area north of forced ventilation systems. Based on the results obtained. It can be said that the system of forced ventilation should not be used for purposes of extracting moisture in the case of tomato cultivation in unheated greenhouses. It is a mistake to use them in the winter season for these purposes. These ventilation systems should be used as auxiliaries of the natural ventilation provided sufficient and forced ventilation-not only when the natural evacuate overheating or humidity.

Author: MALDONADO GALLEGO AGUSTÍN.
Year: 2004.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: ESCUELA INGENIERÍAS AGRARIAS.

Summary: Between the years 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-00, 2000-01 and 2001-02 was conducted a field experiment in rainfed conditions dehesa on pastures and rangeland in Extremadura. The objective was to determine the best method of application of fertilizer phosphate (buried on-line or surface), exploring new alternative sources of phosphate fertilization (rock fosforica) superphosphate lime in the soil of dehesa (trees) and grasslands (desarbolado) and determine the best time of application (fall, winter or spring) in the methods of improving pastures, studying for this quantity indices (production (and quality (florística composition, crude protein, crude fiber and mineral composition of the grass). were established four trials under conditions edáficas diferntes (two on land and two on granite, slate floors) with the presence of leafy (dehesa) and without it (pasture), thereby allowing us to achieve the 71% of the territory where the dehesa. was applied a dose constant year over the five years hard test 26 _UF / ha. were conducted nine treatments: witness unfertilised, superphosphate lime (18%) in the fall and implemented in surface 'voleo' superphosphate lime (18 %) in the fall and implemented buried in gangs, superphosphate lime (18%) in winter and applied on the surface 'voleo' superphosphate lime (18%) in the spring and implemented in surface 'voleo' rock fosforica (26 %) in the fall and implemented buried in bands, rock phosphate (26%) in winter and applied on the surface 'voleo', phosphate rock (26%) in the spring and implemented in surface 'voleo'. "All trials were grazed with sheep with continuous system deferred. The results show the great influence of climatic conditions in the production area of pastures and the quality. response of the rock fosforica as an alternative to superphosphate was favorable, obtaining indices d similar production and higher quality pasture. Applying fertilizer phosphate buried, presents problems of soil erosion and loss of pasture production and more clubs. No significant differences were found between the different eras of application (fall, winter and spring) the two sources phosphate used.

Author: LOAIZA HERRERA RENATO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRONOMOS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRONOMOS.

Summary: Based on official statistics, and data obtained directly from the companies, describing the characteristics of energy use. Volumes are identified, sources, costs and deliver indicators Specific Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity, types of energy sources, Sector cellulose in Chile. The models developed delivered a potential for higher electric cogeneration close to 50%, reflecting an inadequate energy management and incorporation of technology only physical targets for increasing agricultural production without impacts on consumption or energy efficiency. SUMMARY Based on official statistics and information obtained directly from the companies, the characteristics of energy use are presented. Volumes, sources and costs are identified and they give indicators of Specific Consumption of Energy and Energy Intensity, for types of energy, of the cellulose pulp mills sector in Chile. The mathematical models developed hand over a higher electric cogeneration potential closer to the 50% and reflect an inadequate energetic management and the incorporation of technology only with the purpose of a physical increment of production, without any impact in the consumption or in the energetic efficiency.

Author: HERNANZ GRANDE ANA BELEN.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRONOMOS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TECNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRONOMOS.

Summary: SUMMARY HERNANZ GRANDE, AB (2006). Evaluation of instrumental germination of vegetable seeds through image analysis and test electrical conductivity. Doctoral Thesis. Polytechnic University, Madrid. The need to provide quality seeds to ensure farm yields desired justifies the development of systems that can predict, in the shortest possible time, the germination capacity of a lot of seeds and their nascencia field. The laboratory tests carried out during the years 2004 - 2006 at the Accreditation Center Seeds (CATES) seconded to the Department of Plant Production: Fitotecnia, of the College of Agricultural Engineers Madrid (ETSIA) of the Polytechnic University Madrid (UPM) and the field tests carried out in the Seed Company Nurseries Planthor ® possesses Pegà µ is (Lisbon, Portugal) and in the nursery that the School Seed Company owns Fuenlabrada (Madrid) enabled this work. Starting with the unit weight of the seeds found through a balance of analytical precision and image analysis was conducted a morphological study on seed leek (Allium porrum L.) in order to evaluate the parameters that may influence the quality in the same: weight, length, width, form factor, perimeter, area and volume. This study allowed us to classify seed weight basis and establish linkages between the various morphological variables. The aging and viability are closely related to the quality and vigor of the seeds. In order to study the effect of deteriorating seed leek (Allium porrum L.) to the extent of the intensity of electric current leachate seed for a period of imbibition and the germination capacity, was place a test of aging on a batch of seeds. The automatic analyzer seed ASAC-1000 ® is a tool able to predict how quickly, easily and affordably the germination capacity of a batch of seeds by measuring the concentration of electrolytes that the seed releases in the deionized water when it is embedded in it . The use of equipment allowed: 1, the limit value Determine ICE, called intensity electric current partition (ICEP), leek seeds (Allium porrum L.), from which the seed is to be regarded as capable or unable to germinate power and therefore of good or bad quality, 2, know the response of the seeds of leek (Allium porrum L.) vs. germination when they are embedded in deionized water for a period of time; 3, compare the behavior of the species leek (Allium porrum L.) to other species of horticultural interest and 4, to study the relationships between morphological variables and the extent of the electrical conductivity, with the days to germinate. Because the test does not allow the electrical conductivity estimate in a satisfactory manner in seed germination capacity of leek (Allium porrum L.) was designed to test a new force, based on a scoring system based on visual observation of fifty - seven batch of seeds, to predict the amount of plant useful for transplantation, after the results of a test for germination under controlled conditions of moisture, temperature, ventilation and lighting, sort seedlings that are obtained in two categories: 1, No. viable, whether hard seeds (SD) or killed (SM) and 2, with the capacity to germinate seeds, including this group in both those germinate and develop properly as those with abnormalities in their germination. This new method allows us to define the seedlings leek (Allium porrum L.), an index that, in laboratory conditions, it considers the quality of a batch of seeds through a scoring system. The objectives of this method are: 1, Predicting the quality of a batch of seeds when they reach the breeding ground; 2, noting the presence of lots of poor quality and 3, when possible, improve the quality of batch techniques ac 8 ondicion 46d amiento mátrico or osmotic or separation of the seeds that would have been classified as lower quality. In order to facilitate the task of predicting lots of seeds leek (Allium porrum L.) designed a form, using the programming language Visual Basic and using spreadsheets Excel ®. This form is a database where, in a corresponding manner over time, fast and secure, there are values after a trial of germination.