ORDERING AND CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE

Author: RAFART PLAZA ELENA.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA (UB).
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Author: ANTON BARANDA ALVARO.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA.

Summary: We have studied the distribution of wildlife fish in the rivers of Bizkaia. Interviews are conducted 102 sampling of electric fishing in 22 river sections divided by 15 rivers in 11 basins located in whole or in part on the Historical Territory of Bizkaia, in seven campaigns (1997 to 2003). It has been sampled on stretches of rivers Agà ¼ was Mayor-dos seasons, Brown, Cadagua six seasons, Nervión, Arnauri, Zeberio, Ibaizabal, Mañaria, Arratia, Butrón, Golako, Lea two seasons, Artibai and Urkiola. These sections are mostly located in areas cans rivers, where trout and other fish stocks are more abundant. We have characterized different river sections depending on its fish and wildlife are also studying the characteristics of the leg according to the values of variables physical, chemical and biological. It has been studied in greater depth the dynamics of populations of brown trout and eel. The results of this study allow propose methods of assessment and characterization of the different situations on which to base management proposals and strategies for monitoring to assess the evolution of the various river systems as measured by its fish fauna.

Author: DELIBES MATEOS MIGUEL.
Year: 2006.
University: CASTILLA-LA MANCHA [www.uclm.es].
Place of defense: I.I.RECURSOS CINEGETICOS.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACION EN RECURSOS CINEGETICOS.

Summary: The rabbit mountain is considered one of the key species in the Mediterranean ecosystem. Since the 50's there has been a general decline in population levels rabbit mainly due to the emergence of two diseases and other factors such as habitat loss and fragmentation favorable. In this thesis was analyzed have evolved populations of the center of the Iberian Peninsula between the year 1993 and 2002. Moreover, it was intended to check the relationship between management and hunting quality habitat with changes in the populations of lagomorph. Finally, we explored the importance of rabbit for the community of predators on the Iberian Peninsula. According to the results obtained in this work, most of the rabbit populations have declined during the study period. The trends of the populations of rabbits are more positive in areas where they carried out a series of measures to increase management hunting densities of lagomorph. Moreover, the recovery of the populations of rabbits is most evident in areas with the highest proportion of optimal habitat that is open scrub areas where lagomorph available at the same time, food and shelter it from predators. Moreover, the results obtained in this thesis confirm the role of rabbit species as key to the Mediterranean ecosystem, as their presence is crucial for the maintenance and organization of the communities of predators. Thus, both the number of species of raptors as the abundances of these are highly related to the densities of rabbits. The results of this thesis show the need to find ways of understanding between hunters and conservationists in order to preserve natural values. The union of all stakeholders is essential for the conservation of both huntable species, such as rabbits, as predators on which they depend.

Author: Casas Díaz Encarna.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Veterinaria.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Veterinaria.

Summary: The objectives of this study were to assess the response of stress of capture and management in the ibex (Capra pyrenaica), and its potential consequences, assessing the effect of a neuroleptic fenotiacínico short duration (acepromacina) and a butyrophenone long-term (haloperidol) on this reply, valuing the differences between the use of two different combinations of anesthetics (xilacina + ketamine, medetomidine + ketamine), and valuing the differences between two different physical trapping methods (vertical network and box trap) and two trapping methods chemistry (anesthetic rifle and blowgun). The mountain goat captured with vertical network box trap and was immobilized for three hours for the study of stress capture through different physical methods. Both methods were established two groups: a treatment group that received acepromacina or haloperidol intramuscular, and a control group, who received physiological saline intramuscular. During the study period were recorded heart rate and temperature using telemetry techniques not aggressive and blood samples were obtained through venous puncture (to carry out the blood and biochemical determinations). The chemical methods capture utilized in two different groups of mountain goat. We used the teleanestesia with anesthetic rifle in goats caught in a fence and goats in blowgun caught in a box trap. Both methods were used combination of anesthetic xilacina + ketamine, and the group anesthetic rifle, in addition, the combination was administered medetomidine + ketamine. Anesthesia was extended to an hour to carry out the study of the effect of anesthetics by the same parameters clinical, hematological and biochemical features, in addition to the respiratory rate and oxygen saturation, identified in the group caught with physical methods. The acute stress response in the wild goat was characterized by an increase in the total white blood cell (WBC) counts differential neutrophils, the activity of the enzyme creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the concentration of urea, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides and total bilirubin, and by a decrease in heart rate, rectal temperature, some parameters erythrocyte (RBC-erythrocyte count, value PCV-hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration), the lymphocyte count and differential eosinophils, the concentration of total protein, lactate and potassium. Males caught with vertical network and box trap showed an increase in alkaline phosphatase and LDH (FA), creatinine and glucose, whereas the total protein concentration was lower than in females. The mountain goat caught with box traps showed a stabilization later in heart rate and rectal temperature, an increase in the differential neutrophil count, the activity of AST, and the concentration of bilirubin, and a decrease in the counting differential eosinophils and the concentration of potassium. Males caught with vertical network showed high activities of CK, AST, ALT and LDH, on the other hand, females caught with box traps showed the same increase in enzymes and, in addition, an increase in the concentration of cholesterol, urea and bilirubin total. In goats immobile, treatment with acepromacina did reduce the temperature, the RBC, PCV, the concentration of hemoglobin, the WBC, neutrophil count differential and lymphocytes, the activity of enzymes CK, AST, LDH, ALT and the concentration of urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, cholesterol and potassium. The effect of acepromacina was a little more obvious in females than in males because it showed lower values RBC, PCV, concentration of hemoglobin 8 ay C d59 reatinina. The haloperidol treatment leads to a stabilization of early heart rate and temperature, a decrease in the PCV, the concentration of hemoglobin and creatinine, and an increase in some enzymes such as AST, ALT and FA, and the concentration of urea. The administration of the combination anesthetic xilacina + ketamine anesthesia showed few times lower, but not statistically different, and some higher values in the WBC compared with the combination medetomidine + ketamine. He also presented an increase in the neutrophil count and differential activity of the enzymes CK and AST. When anesthesia is administered with anesthetic rifle values PCV, VCM, HCM, CCMH and hemoglobin concentration, urea and potassium are superior to the administration with blowgun, which presents higher values of the concentration of total protein, total bilirubin, chlorides and the activity of ALT. The eosinophils decreased in the group anesthetized with rifle. The changes in the parameters clinical, hematological and biochemical features in the mountain goat caught using physical methods indicate that the capture and management of this species causes a stress response, as in other species of wild ungulates, and it depends on the that kind of method is used. Apparently the capture by vertical network shows a lower response to the trap made with cash, which can be considered as a method less stressful. The vasodilatory effects of acepromacina in receivers alfa-adrenérgicos, along with other properties such as hypothermia, showing beneficial to counteract the adverse effects of corticosteroids and catecholamines in the animals captured by physical methods, thus preventing the development of pathologies associated as the stress of capture myopathy. With the data obtained in this study, it is unclear the effect of haloperidol administration nor the different response on the basis of sex in animals compared to the same stimulus stressful. The administration of the combination anesthetic xilacina + ketamine anesthesia has obtained times lower than in the combination medetomidine + ketamine, still showing no statistically significant difference, and do not have very significant differences in the clinical parameters, hematological and biochemical. The application by rifle anesthetic or blowgun depend more environment where they must perform anesthesia that the method of administration in itself, since differences in the parameters analyzed were not attributable to a greater or lesser stress caused by using rifle or blowgun .