BEEKEEPING

Author: CORDON MARCOS CARLOS.
Year: 2004.
University: SALAMANCA [www.usal.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FARMACIA.

Summary: (It is estimated that the annual production of bee pollen in Spain exceeds 1000 tonnes, mostly for export which reached a high price because of its floral composition. Was studied botanical origin, sensory characteristics and physical and chemical composition of samples (55 samples supplied by Spanish bee pollen beekeepers and specialty stores). palinológica The composition was as follows: 72% cistáceas (92.7% corresponds to Cistus ladanifer), 9% boragináceas, 3-4 papilonáceas, Asteraceae and fagáceas and 1 % rosaceous and Ericaceae. overall composition was as follows; proteins 16.20%, reducing sugars 35.08% fat 6.16%, ash 1.77% and humidity 5.62%. was also studied the pH (4 , 91) and the size of loads (2.6 mm). content was analyzed in phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, copper, iron, manganese and zinc. The results showed the large amount of phosphorus and potassium that owns this product. were found 22 free amino acids proline being the majority. It destcar presence in many samples of GABA free. amino acid proline is also the total over abundant, but followed closely by glutamic acid. There is a great relationship esntre taxa polínicos and composition physicochemistry. Therefore have been separated manually loads Cistus ladanifer and Echium plantagineum proceed to the analysis of the fractions monoflorales. employee has been a column of inmunoafinidad for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in Spanish bee pollen, while not met these five mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 and ochratoxin A) in the samples analyzed. These studies should take into account for a future European Quality Standard which we believe should include sensory characteristics, botanical composition, content mycotoxins, and free amino acid content in relation proline / yy free moisture and pH as well as quality parameters.