ANIMAL CARE AND EXPLOITATION

Author: GOMEZ PACHECO JUAN MANUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: It has conducted a study of epidemiological against the virus of Diarrhea Vírica Bovina Vdvb in Andalusian cattle, using the indirect ELISA for detecting antibodies to a protein highly conserved in all strains of the virus (p80). The survey was conducted on 4768 individuals belonging to 227 collective cattle not face Vdvb, selected from the databases of the Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca of the board of Andalucía, through statistical sampling to a confidence level of 95 per ciento.Asimismo , identified the risk factors associated with infection with BVDV in Andalusian cattle through analysis while the estimated prevalence of infected herds reached 70.9 percent. The proportion of cattle persistently infectos (IP) found in the sample (0063% of the individuals in 1.32% of the collective) has been lower than expected in the light of the high prevalence found, a fact that demonstrates that the survival of course these animals is conditional. In bivariate analysis, the most significant factors associated with seropositive groups have been holding dela size greater than 25 animals, extended operating system, the replacement of foreign origin and belonging to groups of Defense Health Animals (ADSG) has also been demonstrated association, although weak, with the following variables: race exploited, remoteness from urban centers, a history of diarrhea, anthrax vaccination, the existence of infrastructure and high density of farms. In the multivariate analysis, using logistic regression Binomial, has obtained a general explanatory model classifies the 78.2 percent of the Andalusian cattle farms regard to the prevalence of BVDV, incorporating the model variables: farm size increased 25 (OR 4541 CI 2277-9057) production system extended (OR2958 CI 1416-6181), the source of replacement (OR 2383; IC1151-4937) and belonging to ADSG (OR 2353, CI; 1128-4908). When tested models determined by specific explanatory variables operating system (intensivo-extensivo) and the orientation productive (cárnica-lechera), which takes into account the specific characteristics of the Andalusian cattle, it is found that the general pattern does not improve appreciably . In general lines variables origin of the replacement external and herd sizes (census largest 25 animals) are more conservative on all models, we believe that should be the factors most strongly associated with seropositivity for VBVD in the region of Andalucia.

Author: BAREA GAITAN ROBERTO.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: ESTACION EXPERIMENTAL DEL ZAIDIN.
Place of preparation: ESTACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DEL ZAIDIN.

Summary: The Iberian pig is a native breeds Spanish major. Its economic impact is very significant in the areas of operation, while its production does not generate surplus products in the EU And its ecological interest is also considerable, as part of its production cycle is carried extensively in the area of the Mediterranean dehesa wooded part of the Iberian peninsula. However, the Iberian pig insufficiently characterized in terms of metabolic; their nutritional requirements are not yet known enough, so until preser:) tedía, formulating diets and rationing of these animals takes place based on recommendations and requirements "that bodies such as the ARC, the NRC or INRA been issued for races conventional or modern, highly selected. however, in stark contrast with these breeds, the Iberian pig presents a metabolic profile clearly lipogénico is in other words, it has little potential for the deposition of muscle tissue, character who resembles primitive European races, producing channels semigrasas. in a previous work done in our department (Nieto et al., 2002) was observed in the Iberian pig between 15 and 50 kg of body weight, a capacity for protein deposition considerably lower than those obtained in pigs belonging to selected genotypes. was obtained, in addition, a partial efficiency of energy use for protein deposition of only 30%. Although the techniques used multiple regression to estimate the latter figure are not exempt from controversy, these estimates can be very useful in comparative terms, and we show that the energy efficiency of the process of protein deposition in pigs ibéricose encuentramu and debajode the average figures obtained for races improved (54-56%, ARC, 1981, NRC, 1998). science developed during this Doctoral Thesis has sought to expand studies on nutrition and metabolism Iberian pig, for the purpose of improve the efficiency of use of this feed through optimization of the relationship protein / energíade diet and a better understanding of the efficiencies that this native breed transforms the protein consumed in protein itself and uses the energy ingested to meet processes maintenance and production (in this case crecimiento-cebo). has been claimed, in turn, determine the maximum rate of deposition of protein and the effects of level of nutrition on the rate of deposition of protein and fat, among other parameters of scientific interest and breeding. All this has enabled us to establish the needs of the animal protein and energy to the stage of development of between 50 and 100 kg bodyweight. There has been used a factorial design 4 (concentration of the protein diet ) x 3 (levels of food) with 6 replicas by combination of factors (72 animals) plus a replica additional (9 animals) incorporated in the design in order to increase the number of experimental units to try to reduce the variability found in some of the parameters studied. diets rehearsing, nature isoenergética were made with the following wealth protein (high biological value, ideal protein; Cole, 1978): 145, 120, 95 AND 70 g CP / kg DM and energy content of 13.94, 14.29, 14.56 and 14.83 MJ MS / MS kg, respectively. feeding levels tested were: 0.95, 0.80 and 0.60 x ad libitum. The plan for íngestión volunteer was determined in a trial earlier this laboratory (Nieto et al., 2001). Iberian pigs were used in the race Silvela, castrated males, 50 kg pesovivo at the beginning of experimentosy to 8 proxímad 2b8 amente5 months of age (n = 81 (72 + 9)). S

Author: Seguí Parpal Antonio.
Year: 2004.
University: LLEIDA [www.udl.es].
Place of defense: Departament Producció Animal.
Place of preparation: ETSEA.

Summary: Since 1980, the government will advise leaving directly to the farmer, assuming this work private, professional associations, among others, generally supported financially by the government. We challenge in some environments, it is a model for efficient farms milk cows, compared to the majority that believes it is an appropriate system. The working assumption is that the manufacturing sector is in need of a kind of advice, which could be based on the model of agricultural extension. For validation was performed literature review of the various factors of production in a herd of dairy cows, as well as the concept of extension and his vision as a model for advice. To prove that the industry needs this advice, visits were made to 57 farms, chosen randomly by strata fee and takes place the description of the management systems, with particular attention to food, and a survey of knowledge and preparedness change. From the results obtained stressed that the 70% of farms is unknown cost of 1 liter of milk, and can not, therefore, allocate the costs to each factor. The rations are generally deficient in energy, in relation to the protein. The largest holdings, share more than 1000 tonnes of milk, is made for a content PDIN expressed in liters of milk, above average per cow in milk, 14 liters. In turn, the farmer leaves the control of the formulation of rations, the choice of replacement, among other factors, external services, without just decide on this. In terms of management variables are, in most cases, far from the minimum requirements, obtained from the literature review. And finally, the variables reported on the aspects of comfort and confinement, are unsatisfactory.

Author: PÉREZ GARRIDO JOSÉ ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: LEÓN [www.unileon.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: It aims to meet: 1la real answer to the populations of wild partridges red versus improvements in their habitat, 2establecer the etograma of flight of wild animals bred in captivity and with varying degrees of escalation, and 3evaluar capacity of the farm for partridges survive in the countryside. 1 In an experimental farm in the province of Valladolid were implemented various measures for environmental management: stocking with tree and shrub species, clearings, changes in the type of farming, elimination of herbicides and pesticides, additional inputs of water and food, measures control of predators and establishment of good hunting. The response of the population perdicera the experimental farm was positive, with a steady increase in the number of the species. Taken together, the measures set favored more of a decline in mortality that causes an increase in the natural birth of partridges. 2 The etograma of escape from the red partridge was studied from the video recording and subsequent analysis of the behavior of exhaust 147 partridges born in the wild and captured in freedom field, 164 partridges from a commercial hunting farm with intensive farming method and 62 partridge wild born and bred in captivity (32 born in an incubator and 30 born through natural incubation), resulting in a further intensification of the farming method is more tempered response from his flight. The animals live in incubator will be those who, regardless of parenting after they are submitted, they will have less ability to survival in the field due to inadequate development patterns defense against predators. For its part, the partridges born in captivity through natural and hatchery reared with their parents, show some patterns antipredatorios similar to those recorded for partridges born in freedom. 3 To know the real effectiveness of the stocking of red partridge was used marking 277 individuals from different origins and breeding systems (126 from commercial hunting farm, 32 wild born in captivity in an incubator, 30 wild reared by their parents and 89 wild caught in the study area), ages and genders, necklaces issuers radioseguimiento over six years and at different times of the year (summer, autumn and spring) to explore their survival and dispersal areas campeo. No partridge born in captivity or farmed or wild, she survive long enough to breed in the wild, because the poor performance antipredatorio who developed facilitated the action of predators on dates immediately after their corresponding loose. However, copies of the batch of wild partridges born in captivity, through natural and hatchery reared by their parents, joined the squad player experimental farm and got bring forward several polladas released

Author: VILLAGRÁ GARCÍA ARÁNZAZU.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Ciencia Animal. U.P.V:.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: Animal welfare is an issue that in recent years has grown in importance, both in the awareness of society as that of the legislators. Animal welfare is something of the animal itself, not granted, and can be measured in several ways: behavioral factors, factors of production factors and response to stress. They are complementary, and none by itself is sufficient to clarify the level of welfare of an animal or group of animals. They are also multiple factors that can affect the welfare of an individual: housing conditions, social factors, management, and so on. The overall objective of this thesis is to study specific aspects relating to the conditions of stay in intensive farming and its impact on animal welfare through very different criteria, to help minimize the effect of these conditions in the state of the animals. To that end, the thesis consists of five research work carried out both in commercial farms in experimental facilities and in different species. Thus, determining the pace of conduct bait pigs and laying hens in alternative systems to facilitate future observations and detecting potential problems of stress; explores the impact of the material used as litter on the behavior of broilers to through a test of choice and major differences were detected between the different substrates; verifies the negative impact of animals very high densities in broilers, and not so clear effect of intermediate density, essentially using parameters for measuring response to stress .