ANIMAL SELECTION

Author: MOCE CERVERA MARIA LORENA.
Year: 2002.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S.I AGRÓNOMOS.
Place of preparation: CIENCIA ANIMAL.

Summary: The objective of this thesis is to study the effect of divergent selection in rabbit uterine capacity for survival in the prenatal, early embryonic development, levels homonales of estradiol and progesterone its precursor cholesterol by day 6 of gestation and fetal and placental development. In addition, it was to study the effect of genotype of the mother of the embryo and of the interactions between them in the supervivenncia prenatal and fetal development and plancentario. We sacrificed 78 females in the line of high capacity uterine and 63 females from the line of low uterine capacity, a day before implantation. It was noted that the number of embryos retrieved was higher in females of the selected line of high capacity uterine (12.8 vs. 11.0, p greater 0.05). It measured levels porgesterona in the uterine fluid and blood serum, and the levels of estradiol and cholesterol in blood serum and it was noted that both lines showed similar levels. It killed 124 female line high and 115 of the line low, at 72-75 hours post coitus and noted that the number of embryos retrieved was higher for females in the line high (1.14 +-0.43 embryos p increased 0.01). When the fixed rate of ovulation as a covariate, the difference between the two lines for the number of embryos retrieved remained (0.96 + - 0.40 embryos, p greater 0.01). When the fixed rate of ovulation and blastocyst. It was observed that the females had a high line early embryonic development faster, had a higher percentage blastocyst and a lower percentage of mórrulas compacted. Embryos recovered to 72-75 hours were transferred to recipient females of the line high (n = 23) and lowline (n = 19) who were synchronized with the donor. The embryos were transferred into the oviduct by endoscopy. Each female received 8 embryos of the line high in a horn and 8 embryos of the line low on the other horn. The female recipients were subjected to a laparoscopy between 9 and 13 days after the transfer and shortly before the birth (day 28 management) were slaughtered. The survival from the time of the transfer to the implantation was similar in both lines, regardless of genotype of the recipient or the donor. It was noted that the fetal survival was affected by the genotype of the transfer to implantacón was similar in both lines, regardless of genotype of the recipient or the donor. It was noted that the fetal survival was affected by the genotípo the recipient or the donor. It was noted that the fetal survival was affected by the genotype of the receiving line (p greater 0.05), but not by the genotype of the donor. It was further noted that there was interaction between genotype of the donor and recipient genotype of the embryos were more gracious line high fetal survival that embryos of the line when the uterine low capacity of the receiving line was high (p greater 0.05) while inside the uterus of females dea line low, in both types of embryos had the same survival. The survival ffetal was dividada in early fetal survival (day 7 to day 17 of gestation) and late (from day 17 to day 28). uterine p greater 0.10). It was noted that the longiturd and the full weight of the uterus was not affected by either the dinante either by the recipient. The weight of the fetus was affected for the genotype of the recipient, so that fetuses gestados high on the line weighing a 7% increase (p greater 0.10). The weight of fetal placenta was affected both po rla donate 8 you as 59e by the interaction receiving donor support. The weight of the fetal placenta was 7% higher for the embryos of the lowline (p greater 0.01). It was noted that the length of the fetal placental affected by the genotype of the donor (p greater 0.05) and the interaction by receiving donor (p greater 0.10). The weight of the placenta maternal and cantida of space available for each live fetus was not affected by either the genotype of the donor or the genotype of the host. The fetuses and placentas fetal weighed more when receiving more than four vessels when they received less than three (13% and 17% respectively, p greater 0.05). The number of blood vessels are not affected by either the donor or the recepta.

Author: RAMÍREZ TELLES JORGE ALBERTO.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO.

Summary: The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of genetic selection for velocity on the biochemical composition of muscle, the quality of meat and fat rabbit, comparing two groups of animals, a control (Group C of 7 a.generación) and another selection (Group S, the 21a.generación) using channels to commercial weight. The rabbits were in the Department of Animal Science of the University of Valencia (UPV) selected based on its growth rate. The channel selection group differences with the control group (p less 0001) with respect to the weight, (1230.1 g and 1348.3 g for CyS respectively). Similarly, differences were observed (P less 0.01) in the fat content of the scapular (6.20 and 8.64 g) and perirrenal (15.02 and 18.27 g, control and selection respectively). In the first part of the study compared the biochemical characteristics of longissimus muscle, as well as the quality of meat rabbits in the two groups (60 animals per group): the percentage of the myosin heavy chain, type MHC-I, the activities of enzymes ICDH and Aldolasa, water holding capacity (ARC), the color and proiedades texture, using the test Warner-Bratzler (WB) and the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA). The percentage of MHC-Iy activity aldolasa were significantly different (P less 0.05) between the group C, which showed caracaterísticas oxidative highest (12.5% MHC-Iy 597.11 IU aldolasa / g muscle), and the group S (9.8% MHC-Iy 636.83 IU aldolasa / g muscle). Differences in cRA expressed as the percentage of water released by pressure, were also significant (p less 0.05) between groups CyS (33.29 and 35.57%). The properties of texture, as assessed by the test Warner-Bratzler showed variables known as Firmness cut higher (P less 0001) for samples loin group S (1.69 kg/s.cm2) for samples group C (1.34 kg/s.cm2). In addition, the results of the analysis of the profile of texture (TPA) for masticabilidad, gomosidad and hardness were also higher in elg rupo S (P less 0.01), indicating that the meat rabbits of this group was more hard that obtained in the control group. The results confirmed the positive impact of selection on the characteristics and production showed a negative effect on the characteristics of water holding capacity and texture properties instrumental longissimus muscle. We also evaluated the fatty acid composition of the intra-and intermuscular fat from the meat of the leg and fat perirrenal in the same groups of rabbits. It was noted that the selection changed the composition of certain fatty acids, both in the flesh and in the fat perirrenal, increasing its content in most cases. However, rates of fatty acids related to human health, were only slightly modified for genetic selection. The selection by speed of development, not decreased the quality of meat and edible fat and that the change observed in some fatty acids would be more in favor of health. In one third of the study was to evaluate the effect of selection for velocity on the degradation of proteins miofibrilares and texture properties (assessed by the methods of Warner-Bratzler and Texture Profile Analysis), muscle longissimus rabbit, two timepos maturation (24 hours and 7 days), as well as its effect on potential proteolítico muscle. We used the same two groups (CyS), with a sample size of 20 rabbits each. The activities of proteolytic enzymes calpaína s catepsinas and their inhibitors were identified in the m 8 úsculo to 623 24 hours. The analysis densitométrico of ferogramas of samples mature 7 days, with regard to the mature 24, it was noted the emergence of an extra band of approximately 30 KDa parallel and the disappearance of a band of higher molecular weight chains heavy the myosin. The selection by growth rate did not affect the activity of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors. Under the conditions of this study showed that since genetic selection for velocity did not affect the pattern of degradation of miofibrillas longissimus muscle rabbit between 24 hours and 7 days post-mortem studied by SDS-PAGE and densitometry. The potential proteolítico (activities of cisteinproteinasas and their inhibitors) muscle was independent of the speed of development of rabbits.

Author: SÁNCHEZ SERRANO JUAN PABLO.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: First reviewed the various definitions for longevity have been proposed and briefly describes the analytical methods used to estimate parameters and predict genetic breeding values within each of these definitions. Following are details on the methods of survival analysis, which are used in this work. Finally there is a literature review of the estimates of genetic parameters for longevity have been obtained at different livestock species. He then addresses two overall objectives of this thesis, which are, on the one hand, the definition of a model for analysis of longevity in rabbit meat production, including estimates of genetic parameters for this character, and another assessment a line of fitness mothering (LP), which was formed in selecting commercial farms females who have expressed an extremely high longevity a prolifícidad at least half. With regard to the first objective has been used survival analysis techniques to estimate the genetic parameters in a subpopulation of the line V from a nucleus in which no selection was carried out by removal issues productive. Initially the character was defined as the number of days between the first attempt to cover the death and / or elimination censorship of the rabbit. With this definition was noted that the model used to model data longevity in livestock species (Weibull model) was not entirely appropriate for the case of rabbit meat production. For a second definition of longevity, the number of days between the first positive palpation of a rabbit and his death / disposal or censorship, the result of the test to determine whether the Weibull model was adequate or not was also negative.

Author: THEILGAARD PER.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Ciencia Animal.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The overall objective of this thesis was the study of the relationship between reproductive longevity, reproductive performance and body reserves in rabbits, as well as the change in these relationships in the selection. The effect of the selection was studied using selected lines. It has reviewed the current evidence of antagonism between reproduction, production and longevity and presents a framework of relationship between body condition, reproduction and longevity. In the first paper investigates the effect of body reserves and selection for litter size on the reproductive longevity. It compares using frozen embryos, rabbits cross separate 12 generations in the process of selecting the two lines maternal involved in its production. The body condition of the rabbits were evaluated through the thickness of the fat peri-renal measured by ultrasound on the day 10 of lactation during the first six deliveries. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the characteristics of survival. It was found that the length of productive life had not changed after twelve generations of selection for litter size at weaning. Animals with less fat thickness peri-renal showed an increased risk of elimination that the rabbits with better body condition. The rabbits that had a mobilization of reserves had extremely high risks greater than those of intermediate mobilization. The second and third work examines the prediction derived from the theories of evolutionary antagonisms, that the lines with high reproductive capacity at the beginning will have a lower reproductive capacity downstream. Assuming that the reproductive capacity can be measured by the size of litter, the previous prediction was tested by comparing the V line, selected by litter size at weaning for 31 generations, and the line LP, selected by hiper-longevidad and prolificacy med

Author: IBAÑEZ ESCRICHE NOELIA.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: The thesis consists of four articles interrilacionados among themselves, which deals with the study of the genetic control of the environmental variance for uterine capacity in the rabbit and pig slaughter weight in a 175 days. For this study, we have used a model variance with heterogeneous genetic structure. Using this model implies a large computational complexity, it is evaluating different strategies for sampling algorithm "Metropolis Hastings," adjusting the model variance with heterogeneous genetic structure. Additionally, under this model, have developed formulas to predict the approximate selection response for variance reduction. The first article evaluates the response to the selection of an experiment by divergent selection in rabbit uterine capacity for ten generations, and explores whether there is statistical evidence supporting the model postulates that the environmental variance in this part genetically controlled. The response was evaluated using three different models of complexity: a model of least squares (Model 1), a linear mixed model with standard variance homogeneity (Model 2) and an extension of this with heterogeneous variances under genetic control. The answer to the divergence estimated by the three models was similar (1.6 gazapos). However, as genetic models (Models 2 and 3) showed a symmetrical response throughout the experiment selection, the model of least squares (Model 1) showed an asymmetric response after the first four generations. There was no response by uterine capacity in the high line and another in the line low. To study whether the discrepancy between these models could be due to the presence of a gene increased, it has carried out an analysis of segregation. The results of the analysis of segregation have not given support to the existence of a gene higher. Another explanation for this discrepancy is that the fall in response to the fourth generation coincides with the change of experiment to new facilities. A negative environmental impact associated with uterine capacity for the change of facilities may be the cause of the results given by the Model 1. The test used in the comparison model, "after cheking predictive model", cross validation, "" deviance information criterion "and the subsequent distributions of the parameters of the models, endured statistically model variance with heterogeneous genetic structure. Correlation between the additive effect of genes on average and variance was 0.74, with a range beyond 95% equal to -0.90, -0.52. In the second article, it evaluates the model variance with heterogeneous genetic structure to slaughter weight to 175 days in pigs. was also studied its economic impact through a commercial profit. "deviance information criterion" favored model of heterogeneous variances regarding the classical model of homogeneous variance. heterogeneous variances showed an association with systemic effects and additives. The study revealed a small negative correlation between the genes affecting additives mean and the variance. studied model provides information on the securities mejorates of the mean and variance. studied model provides information on the securities mejorantes the average and the variance. This makes possible the construction of an index based on the two values mejorantes, with the aim of increasing the mean and variance reducing slaughter weight in pigs.

Author: SALVADOR VIDAL IGNACIO.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Ciencia Animal. U.P.V..
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: Most aspects of Insemination Artifical (AI) in goats have been developed in other countries (France, Australia), with different races, different production systems and in a context different from that generally concurs in our holdings in the race Murciano - Grenadine (MG) in the Community of Valencia. Thus, the overall objective of this thesis has been studying and developing major aspects affecting the efficiency of artificial insemination on race goats MG. The main aspects of artificial insemination have been addressed in this thesis are: the recovery of sperm, conservation and the seminal insemination procedure. It has studied the effect of changing stimulation in female libido and seminal characteristics of young male race MG subjected to a system of intensive semen collection, noting that changes in the female stimulus helped to increase production by male sperm and sitting. In paragraph conservation seminal, has been compared three thinners and has studied the effect of flushing the seminal plasma, on the feasibility of semen cooled, noting that the solvent-based milk and washing of seminal plasma remained higher motility In vitro semen preserved at 5 ° C for 72 hours. It then has studied the effect of conservation in solid phase and the addition of the solvent cysteine on the feasibility of semen cooled, noting that conservation in solid by adding gel thinner, increased motility in vitro of semen storage at 5 ° C for 72 hours, however, inseminations performed after 18 hours stored at 5 ° C was not reflected a significant increase in fertility. The addition of cysteine has not improved the viability of the sperm in vitro refrigerated. As for the insemination procedure, has studied the effect of factors; depth of semen deposition;'s ability inseminador; farm; male and expression of heat on fertility MG inseminated goats off-season reproductive frozen semen. The effects of the farm and the depth of semen deposition impacted significantly on the results of artificial insemination, with deep insemination (post-cervical) which showed greater fertility regarding intracervical insemination or vaginal. The deteccción heat not increased fertility results obtained with the protocol insemination tested. Then, it has been studied eficencia the application of exogenous oxytocin to facilitate penetration during cervical insemination and fertility improvement with frozen semen, noting that the application of exogenous oxytocin improved the depth of semen deposition in insemination trans-cervical , but did not improve fertility.

Author: LÓPEZ DE MATURANA LÓPEZ DE LA CALLE EVANGELINA.
Year: 2006.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.