PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

Author: FONTANILLA PUERTO JOSE MANUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: E.T.S.I AGRONOMOS Y MONTES.
Place of preparation: E.T.S.I. AGRONOMOS Y MONTES.

Summary: The protein HarpinEa was originally isolated from the bacterium Erwinia amylovora 0Nei et al, 1992). When HarpinEa is applied to plants, protein simulates the presence of a pathogen on them, interacting with specific receptors (HrBPs) on the surface of plants, causing the elicitación numerous physiological processes in the cultivation, leading to a improvement in the growth of the plant, the quantity and quality of production and their state of health (Kaul, 2002). The results confirmed that tomato plants treated with this protein enhanced the vegetative growth, both in height and volume. This increase in growth is not reflected in a decline in production, since the assessments made in this regard, showed that tomato plants were treated greater production at the end of the trial. In addition produces a greater tolerance to biotic and abiotic agents (Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infest and iron deficiency), without coming to develop a complete resistance to them. HarpinEa cause an increase in growth in the cultivation of olive trees. The increase in the growth of the buds of the year translates into an increase in production in the following year. In addition to the increased growth and production was observed, increased concentrations of chlorophyll in the leaves, an advance of maturation, increased fruit size and increased pulpa-hueso. However, there were differences in the concentration of nutrients in the leaves of trees. The next parameter to assess the concentration was fat fruits. The results showed that the olive grove of trees treated with the protein HarpinEa, increase the concentration of fat fruit. This increase in the concentration of fat olives does not change the nature of the oil, since it maintains the same fatty acid composition, as we noted in the study of the composition of the oil.

Author: ARBONA MENGUAL VICENTE.
Year: 2005.
University: JAUME I DE CASTELLON [www.uji.es].
Place of defense: E.S. TECNOLOGIA Y CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: E.S. TECNOLOGIA Y CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Author: OLIVEROS VALENZUELA MARÍA DEL ROCÍO.
Year: 2006.
University: MURCIA [www.um.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The auxins play a decisive role in various developmental processes in plants. In our department has been studied for years the influence of auxin acid indolacético (IAA) in the rooting of cuttings carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and the growth of hipocótilos etiolados of lupine (Lupinus albus). Both processes have been demonstrated involvement transport polar IAA. It has also been found that the storage shelf may influence the rooting depending on the variety. The aim of this report has been studying the water economy during the post-harvest storage of carnation cuttings and its relationship to the rooting. In addition, it has deepened in the study of transportation auxínico in both species in order to learn more about the role of auxin in the rooting and plant growth. To assess the economy poscosecha water were conducted various studies with cuttings of three varieties of carnation (Nazareth, and solar dover the top commercial Barberet & Blanc) stored in various environmental conditions. First water were measured parameters obtained from the isotherm Pressure -Volumen made with the pump pressure Scholander, with significant differences among varieties and to vary the temperature. The conservation at 4 ° C for a long period causes an adaptation of the cuttings. In Nazareth varieties and dover osmotic changes are offset by an increase in the rigidity of the cell walls. The solar array is less affected by the low temperature and maintains its walls more elastic. Changes in the relative water content at the point of loss of turgencia (CRAppt) is a good indicator of adaptation to the cold of the cuttings. The loss of water during storage occurs quickly when the cuttings are stored at 25 ° C but it is less marked if kept at 4 ° C in the dark and packaging plastics. In these circumstances the metabolic processes are lentifican and losses of dry weight is negligible. The favorable effect that produces the cold storage and plastic water conservation status of the cuttings, resulting in a greater capacity for rehydration. By increasing the period of storage capacity rehydration tends to decrease observed differences between varieties. The cuttings rehidratados can root in the absence of treatment auxínico although treatment with auxins (by immersion in solution, powder or foliar spray) promotes rooting. Treatment powder is the most effective but the effect produced by the various treatments depends on the variety. The study consisted of transporting auxins in the isolation and characterization of carnation cuttings and hipocótilos Lupine of sequences of four genes from the families AUX1 and PIN encoding carriers into and out of auxin, respectively. These sequences showed high similarity to proteins of this type described in other plant species. Our original data have been deposited in the International Bank of genetic information. In Carnation, gene expression DcAUX1 varied in different parts of the cutting and during cold storage, to appreciate varietal differences in the expression. The oscillations in gene expression during storage could be alterariones the levels of endogenous hormone produced by changes in the transport and metabolism of auxin observed in previous studies. In the case of hipocótilo etiolado of lupine found that the pattern of expression of clone LaAUX1 evolves parallel to 8 to curve 602 growth of the body. The expression of the gene LaPIN1 confirms the characteristics of the transport polar route described in previous studies, as it is produced exclusively in the trail and declined from the apex to the base of hipocótilo. The results support the hypothesis proposed in earlier work that the "barrier effect" generated by a decrease in transport can cause gradient auxin responsible for the growth pattern in hipocótilos etiolados Lupine. The gene LaPIN3 expressed in all tissues examined and could be related to the transport side of auxin described previously. The expression of the gene carriers were generally higher in areas with higher growth and ages. Our results support the hypothesis that auxin could regulate their own transportation and the same polarity.