ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS

Author: TOLEDANO OLMEDA CARLOS.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID [www.uva.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The Atmospheric Optics Group at the University of Valladolid done since 2000 measures routine aerosols in the station of El Arenosillo, Huelva, owned by the National Institute of Aerospace Technology. Measurements are carried out with a photometer Cimel integrated into the global network to monitor aerosols AERONET, managed by NASa and the University of Lille. This data set aerosol over the age of 5 is the basis for the characterization of the properties and classification of aerosols in the study area. In this paper we address the dissertation analyzing the aerosol optical thickness and seaweed parameter of Angstrà ¶ m, mainly primary and two parameters for the characterization of aerosols. The first part of the research is done in analyzing the quality of the data series of photoelectric Cimel in Arenosillo. Several problems were detected in data aerosol optical thickness (ODA), which can be summed up in the appearance and negative values and a daytime cycle. The systematic nature of the diurnal cycle revealed errors in the calibration, which have been identified and evaluated. The actual effect of daytime cycle contains the information needed to correct these errors by the mass dependence of optical error ODA. This has been used to develop a method calibración-correción for the data series of aerosol optical thickness, the method KCOCLO. Secondly has developed a working depth analysis of the data series of aerosol optical thickness at the station of El Arenosillo. This analysis work is oriented to the establishment of a local climatology of aerosols. It has analyzed the source of air masses at the station, which has helped establish the optical properties of aerosols associated with each type of air mass. This has been classified by two different methods the retrotrayectorias of air masses, analyzing the frequency of each type of air mass and the characteristics of alpha ODA and in each of them. Finally there has been a thorough study of the events aerosol Sahara, with the realization of a complete inventory of the same in the period 2000-2004.

Author: ESTELLÉS LEAL VICTOR.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO FISICA DE LA TERRA I TEMODINÁMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE FÍSICA.

Summary: Although the atmospheric particles (aerosols) have a very important role in changing anthropogenic radiative balance of terrestrial and consequently on climate change, the knowledge we possess radioactive their behavior is still very limited. The reason is that possess a wide variability temporary space, and their formation mechanism and sedimentation is not yet completely understood. In this Doctoral Thesis, have addressed the characterization of the main climatological describing aerosol properties in the metropolitan area of Valencia, as a representative of a region developed western Mediterranean Europe. To that end, we adopted the solar photometry as instrumental technique. This technique cosiste to the extent of the extinction of the direct solar flux level ground, and the distribution of diffuse flow in the sky. As previous results, it has been proposed two corrections instrumental in improving the accuracy and validity of the measurements made with the photometer CIMEL CE318. The first is a correction of the temperature signal, from action in a dark room with ambient temperature varies. The second is a correction of symmetry of the eyebrow. This correction is necessary tools for pointing guinea pig has a lateral deviation is not necessarily systematically. In addition, the degradation was monitored through instrumental calibrations Langley, transfers, and lamp, used to measure flow direct and diffuse. In the dying also describes the results of various intercomparicones instrumental, in order to validate the accuracy of the properties derived. Following evaluation of the database (2002-2005) was able to obtain a full and detailed characterization temporary microphysical properties (size distribution, radio cash, the complex refractive index) and radiation (optical thickness, scattering albedo Standard , depending on stage, asymmetry parameter), and additionally, the water vapor in the air column. The full statistical filed in tabular and graphical form, which allows subsequent reference to the theoretical modeling of the particles and in the correction of satellite images obtained in this region. Finally, we propose an operational method to characterize air masses dominant part of the Iberian peninsula, as a model for calculating the trajectories of air. This method consists of a set of indices that characterize automatically and autonomous origin of the air mass dominating at any given time the regional atmosphere. Thanks to these indices has been adequately characterize the properties of particles in relation to the origin of each air mass. The results are also presented in memory in a full statistical, graphical and tabular, for later reference. Considering this characterization, in conjunction with other studies of a similar nature in the rest of the Iberian peninsula, will identify and monitor them more precisely the impact of aerosols in the radiative forcing of the western Mediterranean region.

Author: SERRANO JAREÑO MARÍA ANTONIA.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Departamento de Fisica Aplicada U.P.V..
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface after its passage through the atmosphere is measured and analyzed by the man in a variety of ways because of its importance as an energy source for our planet. The physical processes that occur between being and atmósera in their interaction has been modeling for your understanding and for that you need the treatment spectrum, as its interaction with the atmosphere depends on the wavelength. Based on modeling spectral have been built integrated models of the entire band, or broadband, explaining the changes affecting the whole energy of the entire solar spectrum. Broadband in turn has been widely observed and measured, and the variability that it is experiencing one of its global and diffuse components, have served with the application of these models to learn through measures radiometric the state of the atmosphere, the greater or minor presence of aerosols, the visibility conditions or cloud cover, among others. However, certain bands in the solar spectrum for their importance to man and living things in general, especially some of the area ultraviolet and visible band, or Chappuis, focus the attention of researchers and are widely measures and analyzed. The stations frequently measures radiometric data archive instant radiation, or irradiance, broadband, and along with it, often, the bands of partial solar spectrum. It was also measured in many stations spectral irradiance, but not so widespread as irradiance band, in whole or in part. The measure spectral or even could be called monochrome of radiation is more precise and gives more information about the processes that has undergone radiation, as if every interaction with atmospheric component is different depending on the logitud wave. However, the irradiance of the whole band to pass through the atmosphere, has been analyzed and modeled in detail and it has been established ratios, factors and indices for infer from their actions wealth of information on the state of the atmosphere and its components. Thus, the coefficient B Angström which was established to express the degree of turbidity of the atmosphere, but defined in terms of wavelength, is a parameter characteristic of the whole gang, and therefore measures broadband help determine this coefficient and know the atmospheric turbidity in a isnstante data. Also for irradiance broadband, and in order to identify the atmospheric turbidity was established the so-called Factor Linke, Tl. Other indexes set for radiation from the entire band as the index of clarity, or the index of clarity independent zenith angle, allowing draw the line between what is meant by clear sky and the sky covered with clouds. These are among many others, some applications that modeling the behavior of broadband will give their actions. This work has focused on these behaviors irradiance broadband and has been aimed at applying the same methodology and establish the factors and indices appropriate to proceed with them and their parametrizations in the analysis and modeling of the four bands spectral irradiance , ranges 208-315 nm (UVB), 315-400 nm (UVA), 390-385 nm (UV) and 400-700 nm (PAR), which have a strong interest, each of them separately and independently of rest of spectra, for the living and their vital functions. For all of the above in this work, prior to the study address these bands, and to establish new parameters mentioned and its application has been made in the first place determinations B Tl from measures irradiance of the whole gang Valencia over a year in conditions of clear skies, it was ..........