APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY

Author: GALLEGO HERREZUELO M. CRUZ.
Year: 2003.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: This paper addresses a estudiio of climate variability on the Iberian Peninsula from daily precipitation data from various observatores distributed in the temtono.Se have built sign catacionales of different types of indices and precipitation were explored trends deferent that muestran.También have studied the maximum rainfall with the theory of statistical outliers. It has also been looking for a relationship of these indices precipitation with different varibles a large scale as SLP, SST and the index NAO.Por past has been compared series of indices and constituidad from real data of preapitación with contruidad from similar data by the method of análegos when -- SLP: The re-analysis NCEP / NCAR or those of ECHAM4/OPYC3, the latter being a test of scale reduction real.De results can highlight, a decrease Peninsular the average precipitation events by rain in all seasons and a negative association's index NADE the winter sets in the category of heavy rain, both in frequency and intensity.

Author: GALLEGO HERREZUELO MARÍA DE LA CRUZ.
Year: 2003.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: This paper deals with a study of climate variability of the Iberian peninsula from data deprecipitación daily several observatories distributed in the territory. Have been built -- catacionales of different types of indices cipitación and have studied the different trends that show. Have also been studied maximum precipitation with the statistical theory of extreme values. In addition, it has sought the relationship of these indices precipitation with different variables on a large scale as SLP, SST and the index NAP. Lastly have compared the index series and built from actual data of precipitation with built from data similados using the method of using two similar fields SLP; The re-analysis NCEP / NCAR or those of ECHAM4 / OPYC3, the latter being a test downscaling real. Delos results we can highlight: a disiminución mainland's average precipitation for rain events in all seasons and a -- negative index NADE the winter sets in the category of heavy rain, both in frequency and intensity.

Author: MEINERS MANDUJANO CESAR GABRIEL.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA.
Place of defense: Aula de Tesines - C1-002.
Place of preparation: EDIFICI D1 Campus NORD.

Summary: Fish population and fisheries fluctuations are closely linked to climate dynamics through environmental variability that determines the distribution, migration and abundance of fish. Fishery science were largely focused on the great northern hemisphere fisheries, which some of them fluctuate at decadal time scales and show patterns of synchrony with low frequency signals, as reflected by climatic indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, there is scarce information about these patterns at lower latitudes like NW African coast, in spite of this area supports large international fisheries. The aim of this work was to analyze how climate variability described by NAO and the physical environment influences the productivity of European hake abundance, growth and recruitment variability. In order to understand why it is important to test the climatic hypothesis over European hake stock, I presented the background elements in three main discussion lines. (1) Comparing the biology and population dynamics between European hake of NW Africa and populations from North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. (2) the structure and evolution of European hake fisheries in NW Africa, focused on unexplained variability of stock assessment procedures carried out until now. (3) The main climatic and environmental features of NW African coast, emphasizing the potential ecological impact of these features. It was found a positive relationship between the NAO and hake abundance. NAO explained 35-45% variability of juveniles with 1-year lag and 45-60% of small and large adults with 2-3-years lag. The NAO index is a proper tool to trace the annual growth of European hake, at least during the first three years of life. The growth rate is greater than previous calculus in the area, and it supports the fast growing hypothesis proposed for North Atlantic and Western Mediterranean. The wind stress explained 83% of phytoplankton biomass variability and both of them were positively correlated with NAO index (41-58% explained variability respectively). The hake abundance was positively related with favorable oceanographic and productive regime associated with positive NAO conditions. The recruitment to the fishery took place during all year with peaks in spring and summer, but the seasonal component was weak. The time series were in synchrony with NAO index of the previous year and showed strong positive correlation. The recruitment success variability explained by NAO was 25 to 82 % depending on time series size. The main NAO effect in recruitment dynamics was the widening-contraction of Recruitment Window. During NAO+ phase several success cohorts were recruited by year, while in NAO- the success cohorts were scarce and weak. The climate signal in recruitment dynamics of European hake was robust, recurrent and persistent independently of fishing effort. Finally, the NAO index was included as a state variable in a Ricker stock-recruitment-environment model, to test it against classical Ricker and Beverton & Holt models. The NAO factor enhanced the fitting model and determined the dispersion degree of recruitment at certain stock level, just before of overcompensation effect of Ricker curve. This exercise represents a step forward in order to include the environmental variability induced by climatic system in stock assessment of demersal resources of NW Africa.