GEODESY

Author: GARCIA DEL PINO MEGIA MARIA LUISA.
Year: 2004.
University: CARLOS III DE MADRID [www.uc3m.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID.

Summary: Recent advances in the techniques used to the comments in Astrometría and Space Geodesy are making it necessary to introduce new formulations that consider the effects provided by the General Theory of Relativity (GRT). The formulations that are being proposed in this dissertation is the fundamental characteristic of being covariates in a manner that, to get this feature, we used a technique proposed by Synge based on the so-called function Universe. We use, in addition, reference systems Fermi because, as inertial systems locally (within the meaning of the GRT), it can make all the processes in terms of directly measurable quantities. The astrometric problems that are addressed are: the description of the local gravitational deflection of light, astronomy and planetary aberrations, and the parallax (regarded as a transformation between reference systems Fermi). The problems of Geodesy space treaties are the techniques associated with the Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking and Altimetry (SST), as well as the relationship between the frequency of issuance and receipt of electromagnetic signals between satellites and ground receivers (used in GPS navigation). Finally, it makes the problem ballistic as the reverse problem of SST.

Author: DAVID GARCÍA GARCÍA.
Year: 2005.
University: ALICANTE [www.ua.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: The first chapter of the thesis makes a study of the variations in the level of the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea in the last decade, from altimetric data, and surface temperature measurements mareográficas. The study highlighted a change in trend level in 1999.En The second chapter has conducted a study of variations in body of water of the Mediterranean, for the years 2002-2004, from altimetric data and temporal variations of gravity, which has been obtained by the GRACE mission. This study shows that annual variations in the level of the Mediterranean Sea are due primarily to variations estéricas (ie, density of the water column), and partially offset by variations masa.En the third chapter has been extended to the work of the second global ocean, thus quantifying the global water cycle, due to the same exchange between oceans, atmosphere and continents. Moreover, it has made an estimate of the global variations estéricas from altimetric data and temporal variations of gravity (GRACE). The fourth chapter is an application of the absolute measurements of altimetric satellite, and measurements on the the expense of tide gauges, to estimate vertical variations of the coast

Author: RODRÍGUEZ RODRÍGUEZ JOSÉ LUIS.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FÍSICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FÍSICAS.

Summary: The thesis deals with the following objectives: 1-To determine the effects that a possible earthquake would have on the trains of the high-speed rail lines. 2-Define the methodology to assess the seismic vulnerability of the various elements of the rail infrastructure. 3-Establish a hazard classification of the different elements to make it possible to prioritize studies detail and / or strengthening appropriate actions undertaken. 4-Establishing the foundations for a system of control over the traffic of trains to avoid risk. To achieve these objectives we study the geometrical parameters, static and dynamic influence on the stability of the train while considering the criteria of comfort face-to viajeros- as security. Similarly determining allowable limits for these parameters and establishes a correlation with the seismic actions that could produce them. There are simplified models, defining normal conditions of the road, marking the end of the same state and discusses the influence of variation of the different design parameters and the impact on the final outcome. It develops a methodology for measuring and analyzing vibration phenomena in soil and structures produced by high speed trains and their impact on the stability of one's own path. It also conducts a risk analysis service in Madrid AVE implementation of the current European legislation safety on the railway. Finally, using the values obtained in the registration campaign conducted in this line, designing a Seismic Alert System to enhance the safety of trains, which includes instrumentation to be used, its location on the road and the protocol to follow in the an emergency.