REGIONAL GEOLOGY

Author: FERNÁNDEZ DE VALDERRAMA FERNÁNDEZ IÑIGO.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The united kárstica Santa Eufemia-Ereñozar is associated with the limestone outcroppings that reach Gernika, Lekeitio and Markina, Northwest Bizkaia, with a total area of 78 km2. Compartimentada in relatively independent subunits, discharges of this unit are made in favor of springs located on the edge of the limestone reliefs. There are also direct discharges into rivers Read and Artibai, and the Bay of Biscay in the North boundary of the unit and estuary Mundaka. The absolute value of their resources, established from records foronómico s termopluviométricos, is 80.6 hm3/año. The hydrogeological characterization made to retain the image of a unit with a development of karstificación particularly important with highly developed drainage systems that limit their ability to benefit and favorcen their vulnerability, particularly in favor of channels solucionales and drenes, around the which is the main organizing flow systems unit. To advance the development of the characterization of transport in these drenes karst has used the technique of tracing or testing plotters. The results have established relationships characteristics of transit connections investigated and advance the general characterization of transit drenes and karst channels. These drenes and ducts are basic elements in the design of drainage of these aquifers, and her account schemes for the management and protection of water resources is essential. It develops, in addition, a numerical simulation model that allows consider separately the evolution of tracer on the line preferential flow and processes of stagnation and delays additional auga and tracer in the system. It was thus a more accurate assessment of the changing values of concentration over time at preferential flow paths in the midst karstic and therefore in the estimation of parameters hidrodispersivos.

Author: GALLARDO MILLÁN JOSÉ LUIS.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS GEOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC. GEOLÓGICAS.

Summary: In this paper we study the latest developments geodynamics in the region of Campo de Calatrava which is due to the formation of the basins neógenas well as the distribution of recent volcanism and relates to the evolution experienced by the region throughout its history. This phase, which begins with the revival of fractures hercínicas due to compression from orógeno bético.Las structures were encountered, desgarres directional normal directions ENE-OSO and senses dextrógiros with tear conjugates directions SE-NO and senses levógiros.Hay besides other fractures, to a lesser number, which are normal and directions EO, along with other reverse and folds oriented NE-SO. All these structures are relacionean genetically fractures as a second-order type "Riedel" to be developed for a system shears NO-SE in two stages: The first stage of major thrust (Field Bético); appear fracture rate RyR 'oriented N120-130 and N 60-70 degrees respectively, with movements levógiros the first and destrógiros the segundas.El effect originates compartmentalization socket, which adopts a form of damero with some blocks that rise versus others who sink. Contemporary this push begins recent volcanic activity, which is potassium composition. The second-stage compression with a more tenua (Recent Field), which starts from 5 Ma and reaches our días.En this new phase progressing some of the fractures above, and begin the failures of type P (N 150-160 degrees) and possibly the type T (No. 100 DEGREES) under a situation that favored the revival of volcanism. We have used techniques paleomangéticos to study the existence of possible rotations blocks that had served as a means of dissipation of these efforts, selected for this volcanic outcroppings. It has been studied magnetoestratigráficamente filling these basins neógenas composite materials basically detríticos of alluvial fans and media lake facies carbonated or palustres and including many porductos volcanic withthe that have been able to establish criteria for correlation and dating of the sets that contain them, as well as exploring the nature of some of these materials. The range of age recorded in the Pliocene sediments from the bottom (5.2 Ma) until Pliocene higher (2.6 Ma), and for which it has been estimated a rate of sedimentation of 30 m / Ma.Sin embargo this stuffing is not continuous, as it has detected a break in the sedimentary cron 2Ar (Gilbert), and goes from 4 Ma to 3.6 Ma, it is associated training cobalt bréchicas and the emergence of discontinuiddes. The origin of this disruption sefimentaria is an effect of regional tectonic phase known as iberomanchega 1. That does not manifest itself evenly throughout the area but that he had channeled through selected corridors.