LIMNOLOGY

Author: López Flores Rocío.
Year: 2004.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Ciencias.

Author: MORENO OSTOS ENRIQUE.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS - UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: In the past, most of the ecological studies felt that living organisms are distributed according to patterns homogeneous in their geographical areas. Even today, there are many ecological models, for simplicity, consider that agencies and physico-chemical variables are distributed in the environment as random patterns or streaks. However, these assumptions are unrealistic and it is axiomatic in ecology that ecosystems that ecosystems are structured and organized in time and space. In the case of aquatic ecosystems, the spatial distribution of planktonic communities often take complex and heterogeneous patterns, usually associated with the hydrodynamics of the system. Gradients and stains are the spatial structures most commonly found in lakes and reservoirs. In this type of ecosystem there is a whole range of top-down and bottom-up interactions that operate at different spatial and temporal scales, acoplando thus the physical, chemical and biological. The resulting model ecosystems is particularly dynamic and complex. The heterogenecidad space is, tacitly or explicitly, a central element in many ecological theories and models. Moreover, it is widely recognized its importance as a stabilizing agent of ecosystems. Moreover, recognition of the heterogeneity in the spatial distribution (both vertical and horizontal) planctón in reservoirs supplying public is particularly relevant to a proper design of sampling and monitoring campaigns of water quality embalsada and is, therefore, a tool of enormous interest in water management. In this Doctoral Thesis has studied cinámica space phytoplankton in the reservoir The Gergal, an ecosystem meso-eutrófico monomíctico warm located in the Southwestern Spanish and supplying water for public consumption to the city of Seville. A first approximation pilot revealed that the vertical and horizontal distribution of phytoplankton responded, at least during much of the year, and heterogeneous patterns contagious. In the absence of regulation hydraulic reservoir, the vertical distribution of phytoplankton l proved to be dependent on the characteristics of each group algal hydro, thermal structure of the water column, the depth of the euphotic zone and the level of turbulence induced by the wind. The horizontal distribution patterns were generated mainly by the transport advectivo exerted by the flow surface. In addition, regulation hidrálulica reservoir induces in Gergal a series of individual patterns of spatial distribution of phytoplankton biomass. In both cases, it was found in the reservoir a strong relationship between the indexes vertical and horizontal aggregation of fitoplanctón. An analysis of the temporal dynamics in the formation and destruction of blankets algal aggregation at the vertical and horizontal phytoplankton showed a marked heterogeneity space during the summer stratification, while homogeneous distribution patterns were frequent during the mixture . This thesis has been described by implementing the latest technologies for monitoring and studying the phytoplankton (Espectroflucimetría in vivo) and the determination of high-resolution mass movement of the fluid (ADCP), the differential impact of the hydrodynamics on the spatial distribution of groups fitoplanctónicos different characteristics (Cianobacterias and diatoms). Both groups showed very different patterns of spatial distribution in the reservoir. Thus, the Cianobacterias behaved as tracers pasi 8 vos l cbb as surface and subsurface flow, whereas the spatial distribution of Diatoms resulted transport exercised by the deep currents. Therefore, the phytoplankton community in Gergal is organized into space as a mosaic heterogeneous and dynamic. The analysis of the role of auto correlation of data sets thermal and biomass from different groups fitoplanctónicos recorded continuously on linear transects, has enabled the detection of structures (stains and gradients) at the level of macro (dispenser reservoir) for all groups alegales considered, with the sole exception of Cloroficeas, algae or neutral buoyancy that were distributed at random on the horizontal plane of El Gergal. Moreover, the series of physical and biological data recorded were carried out cross-correlation analysis of pursuing establish the degree of coupling físico-biológico in the horizontal plane of the reservoir. The data sets concentration of chlorophyll, Cianobacterias biomass and biomass Criptofíceas were correlated in a positive and statistically significant with the temperature. By contrast, the series of biomass Diatoms presented inverse correlation with the temperature, which revealed the origin of the horizontal structure of this group algal linked to the deep-water upwelling and cold (upwelling). Finally, the horizontal distribution of the group of Cloroficeas did not correlate with the temperature distribution in the horizontal plane. Finally, it has conducted a survey of high resolution on the impact of the turbulence induced by the wind on the distribution of micro-ddistintos groups kelp (Diatoms, Cianobacterias and Dinoflaelados). The series of meteorological data (wind speed and direction) and biological (Fluorimetría in vivo) of tin temporal resolution were recorded (often making data in a minute) is the one station Automatic Monitoring of Water Quality (AWQMSII - Gergal), moored to this effect at the point of maximum depth of the reservoir through a system of steel cables. This analysis revealed different responses dynamic small timescale that each group had considered algal face of turbulent mixing. Integration-under the scale properly in the space of phytoplankton dynamics described in this thesis on the design of sampling and management models in the reservoir is an efficient tool that will improve our ability to diagnose, analysis and decision-making and will, without certainly, in a significant reduction in the cost of water treatment embalsada and environmental improvement resulting from the sustainable management of water resources.

Author: CASTRO PÉREZ MARÍA DEL CARMEN.
Year: 2004.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: The main objective of this work has been known and described this water system, characterizing the medium through detailed analysis of the factors influencing the state of the lagoon for several hydrological cycles very direntes one another. In addition, the community has been studied under planktonic two lines direrentes, a classic (taxonomic analysis of the composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton), and other innovative limnology as is the creation of spectra in size by flow cytometry, microscopy and epifluorescencia image analysis. The study of comportameinto the lagoon Honda for two cycles hidlógicos) 1994-95 and 1998-99) has allowed to observe the variability of this water system. From análsisid and variables fisico - químicas notes that this ecosystem shifts from a state "hipersalino" throughout the first round to become "meso-hiposalino" The same variability is also very evident in the classification of trophic status of the lagoon , behaving in the first cycle Hydrological as hipereutrófico and as a system ultraoligotrófico during the second cycle. When comparing communities found in the lagoon Honda, there is a totally different taxonomic composition, which leads to classify the first period with a community gamma and delta hypersaline, with a mastery of phytoplankton, and the second cycle with a community alpha and beta hypersaline, caracteriazda by zooplankton. The results derived from the spectra of size ratify the escla primary or physiological is of a general nature for different aquatic systems. An examination of the secondary structure shows the differences between ecosystems where during cilco hidrólógico 1994-95 shows a trend towards smaller sizes and phytoplankton during els egundo cycle 1998-99 there is a spectrum of sizes of zooplankton broader and more the larger significance. From the results obtained in this study can infer the existence of a significant variability interanueal in the evolution of both biotic and abiotic variables, showing a shift in the behavior of the system, since a state controlled by physical variables (stress out) another more important biological processes (herbivoría, competition, etc.).

Author: TRIGAL DOMÍNGUEZ CRISTINA.
Year: 2005.
University: LEÓN [www.unileon.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.

Summary: The overall objective of this thesis has been to lay the groundwork for developing a protocol bioindicación for shallow lagoons of the Depression del Duero in Castile and Leon that meets the requirements of DMA, using a set of attributes macroinvertebrate communities. The use of macroinvertebrates in the context of DMA requires knowing a number of aspects, such as the assessment of the responsiveness of the attributes compared to the degradation and the spatial and temporal variability of the same, which so far have not been addressed in any study on wetlands in the Iberian Peninsula. In our gaps, the composition of the community was particularly shaped by factors related to degradation. The next step will be to develop a protocol for monitoring ecological status based on macroinvertebrates. Using the approach mutimétrico (Barbour et al. 1996a and 1999; Karr & Chu, 1999; U.S. EPA 2002a and 2002b), it is a question of finding a set of attributes susceptible to degradation showing variability nataural enough for low to detect the impact. It estimated the natural variability to a pond, Sentiz. It has been found that less variable rates generally are based on measures of wealth and diversity as the index Shanon- Wiener% or taxon denominante, corroborating other studies (Resh & Jackson, 1993; Barbour al. 1996b; Johnson, 1998) and coinciding with what is happening in mountain lakes of Castilla y Leon (García-Criado, com!). As for the responsiveness of the attributes compared to the degradation attributes based on total wealth, the relative wealth of Corixidae, the diversity index de Shannon-Wiener,% taxon dominant% Tanypodinae and% Corixidae are attributes that present a clear answer in front of the degradation, and therefore they should be icluidos in a program bioindicación for the valuation of ecological status of the gaps in the Depression Douro. Measures of wealth (absolute and relative) and diversity are especially promising for its low variability and its sensitivity. However, a definitive tool for assessing quality should implement some kind of correction for a foreseeable problem: the unimodal response of the attributes based on the calculation of wealth. In addition, attributes based on the calculation of absolute wealth may respond differently to different types of front impact. Furthermore, the attributes of the community quironómidos seem to be one of the most promising in studies bioindicación of the gaps in the Depression of the Douro. Finally, the use of percentiles 25 (or 75, if available) looms as a suitable method for determining the cut-off point between the categories good (acceptable) and moderate (not acceptable) for the package selected.

Author: NEGRO DOMINGUEZ ANA ISABEL.
Year: 2005.
University: SALAMANCA [www.usal.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.

Author: SANTIAGO LANDA JOSEBA.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA.

Summary: The blue eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) Is an Australian species which is intended to obtain pulp due to its short period of logging. Streams header are closely linked to the watershed draining (Vannote et al., 1980) so that the felling of this triggers a complex long-term disruption in these ecosystems (Campbell & Dog, 1989). The present study has been developed in the Jerguerón, a small stream of order 1 which pours its waters into the river Agà ¼ was in the middle of its watershed (Cantabria), which is covered by a eucalyptus plantation, harvested in June 2000. The purpose of this work is to obtain an overview of the effect of logging on the structure and function of the river ecosystem. It analyzes both the immediate effects and the time on a wide range of variables, taking as reference previous studies at the same place and time series for a decade. Deforestation alters an important interception and evapotranspiration, produces a significant impact on the different variables physicochemical and in the concentration of nutrients in the water. Also, logging alters the pattern of variability seston and provides large increases in the concentration of inorganic seston during the period of maximum activity. The forestry operations caused a large increase in ultra-fine particulate matter in the bed. Deforestation alters the timing of entries MOPG to themselves and the relative importance of the tracks used, and reduces total inflows. In addition, there is for a short period a substantial increase in the MOPG benthic, but a lasting reduction in litter bentonica. However, there are no major changes in biomass perifítica. The community of invertebrates river is also affected for logging, mainly at the level of diversity and taxonomic richness. The presence of sediment determines the composition and structure of the community.