MARINE AQUACULTURE

Author: TOLEDO AGÒERO PEDRO HÉCTOR.
Year: 2004.
University: LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA [www.ulpgc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEL MAR.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEL MAR.

Summary: In order to evaluate the potential of growing abalón canary Haliotis coccinea canariensis, were collected off the coast of the Canary Islands specimens adults to be sexually conditioned and where they obtained enough juvenile abalón, achieving close the life cycle over this work. In addition balanced diets were evaluated to observe their effect on the growth, survival, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the polar fraction and neutral in the fabric, using a rigid diet with fresh grapes and enriched as control In the first experiment tested different sources lipid noted that the soybean oil was the best source, despite d not have been achieved better growth as that achieved by the control group. In the second experiment was tested different levels of soy oil was observed where the ability introducing the canary in abalón convert fatty acid 18:3 n1 to 20:5 n3. However, the fatty acid 20:4 n6 considering a fatty acid essential for this species did not provide the ability to be elongated from 18:2 n6. Moreover, in order to seek the partial replacement of fishmeal with other protein sources, both conventional and flour Spirulina as unconventional as fish meal products (viscera of Agropecten purpuratus, scallops and North deDosidicus gigas, cuttlefish), a third experiment, using the Japanese abalón Haliotis discus hannal being one of the most studied abalone. This would demonstrate a favorable survival and growth with balanced diets made from fishing and farming wastes, where the best result was obtained with the diet including flour Spirulina. But positive results are observed with flour viscera A.purpuratus. It is concluded that there is a need for more experience with the canary abalón to achieve balanced diets to obtain better performance than those achieved with the control diet. The thesis discusses the possibilities for handling food or requirement as possible causes of these results. Likewise, it is recommended to continue to look for new sources of protein alternatives to enable the successful cultivation of these species. In order to evaluate the potential of growing abalón canary Haliotis coccinea canariensis, were collected off the coast of the Canary Islands specimens adults to be sexually conditioned and where they obtained enough juvenile abalón, achieving close the life cycle over this work. In addition, we assessed balanced diets to observe their effect on the growth, survival, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the polar fraction and neutral in the fabric, using a rigid diet with fresh grapes and enriched as control. In the first experiment tested different sources lípidicas noted that the soybean oil was the best source, despite not having achieved a better growth as that achieved by the control group. In the second experiment was tested different levels of soy oil was observed where the ability introducing the canary in abalón convert fatty acid 18:3 n3 to 20:5 n3. However, the fatty acid 20:4 n6 considering a fatty acid essential for this species did not provide the ability to be elongated from 18:2 n6. Moreover, in order to seek the partial replacement of fishmeal with other protein sources, both conventional and flour Spirulina as unconventional as harianas of fishery products (viscera of Argopecten purpuratus, scallops and North Dosidicus gigas, cuttlefish), a third experiment, using the Japanese abalón Haliotis discus hannai being one of the abalone 8 more est 5bc udiados. This would demonstrate a favorable survival and growth with balanced diets made from fishing and farming wastes, where the best result was obtained with the diet including flour Spirulina. However positive results would be observed with the viscera of A.purpuratus. It is concluded that there is a need for more experience with the canary abalón to achieve balanced diets to obtain better performance than those achieved with the control diet. The thesis discusses the possibilities for handling food or requirement as possible causes of these results. Likewise, it is recommended to continue to look for new sources of protein alternatives to enable the successful cultivation of these species.

Author: CEJAS PULIDO JUANA ROSARIO.
Year: 2005.
University: LA LAGUNA [www.ull.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FÍSICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.

Summary: The sargo (Diplodus sargus) is one of the espáridos that have attracted the interest of the pisicicultura marine sector in southern Europe. The previous studies that this species is capable of cultivation, can reproduce in captivity and breeding of larvae and fry production is done with techniques similar to those applied in the gold. Other data found are less favorable and pose problems for the production profitable sargo, mainly the low growth rate during the fattening, and obtaining put little quality and regulate. Considering the great importance of feeding all biological processes of fish, the problems cited could be related largely to the use of diets that do not meet the nutritional requirements of the species. In this dissertation study of the nutritional requirements of sargo, focusing research on lipids and fatty acid components. Among the various nutrients dela diet of fish, lipids have focused much of the attention in recent years, having shown the influence of the lipid composition of the diet on many processes associated with the various stages of cultivation of especis marine The experimental approach was based on the comparison of sargo captured in the wild (wild) and copies submitted for a year growing conditions (cultivated), to establish the differences between them and possible shortcomings of the farmed fish. We studied the lipid composition (wet, total lipid and lipid classes, fatty acid composition of total lipid and lipid major classes) of various organs (gonads, liver and muscle) in both types of fish. Moreover study of changes in lipid composition that takes place during early embryonic development and larval stages of sargo. The resutlados show the existence of significant differences in the lipid composition of sargos wild and cultivated, highlighting the different levels and proportions of certain fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic. Considering that these essential fatty acids are involved in a wide range of physiological function, correctaproporción between cough is fatty acids in the diet is a factor that must be taken into account when designing the optimal diet of this species. This dissertation presents in the form of a compendium of publications, including three articles focusing on the studies on nutritional requirements lipids sargo. It also included two other research papers that have not been previously published, focusing on the reproduction and growth of sargo in captivity. They provide information on the basic parameters related to these two phases of cultivation and identifies problems with regard to the production of the species.

Author: JEREZ HERRERA SALVADOR JOSE.
Year: 2006.
University: LA LAGUNA [www.ull.es].
Place of defense: F.FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.

Summary: The golden (Sparus aurata) is the espárido more representative in aquaculture production of marine fish in the Mediterranean countries and particularly in Spain, including the Canary Islands. In this species, the management of players to obtain fry is based, generally, on the formation of groups made up of individuals from different age classes. However, the contribution of each age class in this production of fingerlings is unknown. Taking into account the influence that the age of the females may have on the mobilization of nutrients, particularly lipids from tissues reserve to cover both the requirements associated with the reproduction and growth of the gonad, and the relationship of this mobilization with the levels of certain hormones, the objective of this thesis is to study the influence of the age of the females in the breeding of golden mobilizations of lipids and changes in 17B estradiol and testosterone, as well as the quality of entry. To achieve this objective, the experimental approach was based on the formation of four groups of breeding females in golden 3, 4, 5 and 6 years old, respectively, which are included males mature 2 years. The formation of the groups met two fundamental premises: maintain equal density cultivation (kg/m3) and sex ratio (male: female) between the four groups throughout the study period. Of the females of each group were obtained monthly plasma levels of 17B estradiol and testosterone, as well as the lipid composition of fatty acids and muscle, hígaod and gonad, which allowed the study of the mobilization of lipids and fatty acids that is during the maturation and commissioning. In addition, it studied the quantity and quality of putting obtained from each group in relation to the content of lipid and fatty acids eggs to top, middle and end of the entry. The results obtained indicate that, in the environmental conditions of cultivation of the Canary Islands, the first female golden maturity (3 years old) show a higher percentage of fertility and fertilized eggs than females older, and equal rates larvae hatch size and volume sack vitelino to hatch. Moreover, the effort reproductive measured as a percentage of mobilization of lipid reserves from the muscle, increases with the age of the females. The composition of lipid and fatty acids of the eggs of the four groups was similar and was related primarily to the percentage of hatching, confirming the importance that the presence and proper proportion fatty acids arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA), are in the proper embryonic development and hatching of larvae. The results of this thesis suggests, in short, that at least in the Canaries, female 3 years of age could be used on a preferential basis for improved performance in the commercial breeding of this species, allowing its use, lower costs economic associated with mentenimiento players without impairing the ability to produce quality fry.