LIFE SCIENCES, 12

Author: AVELLANET TORRES ROSA.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: The breed sheep Xisqueta, own NO de Catalunya, is highly maximum hardiness and adaptation to the production systems of high mountains, for his pigmentation centrifugal typical Iberian trunk to which it belongs, and for being in meat production. It is a race very much appreciated by farmers in mountain areas where it is located, but the neglect of the agricultural sector has resulted in these regression census in recent decades and, at present, is in danger of extinction. Thus, the present study aims at exploring the race Xisqueta at various levels, thus contributing to the understanding and characterization of the commission and to lay the groundwork for a possible conservation program.

Author: GALBANY CASALS JORDI.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE BIOLOGIA.

Author: VIA GARCÍA MARC.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNITAT ANTROPOLOGIA - DEPT. BIOLOGIA ANIMAL (UB).

Author: BAHIMA BORRÀS LAIA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Author: GÓMEZ SAN ISIDRO MARÍA SOL.
Year: 2005.
University: CARDENAL HERRERA CEU.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD CARDENAL HERRERA CEU DE ELCHE.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD CARDENAL HERRERA CEU.

Summary: The TV newscasts, as well as other audiovisual products, but even those with the highest incidence by their own idiosyncrasies as a speech on the alleged true reality impact on the cognitive construction of a citizen on the cosmos social surrounding. The main effect of this quote daily with the reality outside extriba in the continued legitimacy of the established powers and institutionalized through a speech benevolent towards the status quo, which is consolidated with enormous success in the mind of the viewer. However, with the empowerment of increased knowledge on the functioning of the media, facilitating consumption of this product with a more appropriate and critical prism. Better information on this window to the world allow contact with the outside world, which the viewer does not reach on their own, more competent and demanding. Thus, the decoding would be much more rigorous, which also lead to a more correct perception on interest, and background variables hue of reality conveyed. This thesis investigates the potential from persuasive means at its disposal for its own structure as a cocktail audiovisual: the peculiarities of power television to convey the social reality; the Highlights dela interaction between the product information and other social areas like politics, among others. As also elaborates other key issues to take into consideration the audience, and especially its interaction with this audiovisual product, as well as the development of the decoding that occurs depending on the stage of the reception, the possibility of impact group leaders in interpreting the message, the importance of personal and social categories such as age, sex, occupational roles or socioeconomic status interacting as filters in the interpretation of the speech and subsequent sedimentation, and finally storing information on the outside world with the passage of time in the reality of the subjective and symbolic individual.

Author: HINOJOSA CENTENO MARÍA BELÉN.
Year: 2005.
University: JAÉN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD (.

Summary: After the ecological disaster that led to the rupture of the tailings pond of Azanalcóllar (1998, Seville), affects more than 4000 ha of the basin Guadiamar (2 Hm3 mud pirítico and 4 Hm3 water acidic) proceeded to the execution Task remediation (removal of sludge and adding limestone amendment). Under this scenario arose the need to assess the extent of recovery of soil health in the affected areas. The first objective was to occur with this work was to assess the suitability of a set of variables such as microbial indicators of soil health of the basin Guadiamar. It conducted a manipulative experiment laboratory, where different soils from the basin Guadiamar not affected by the spill, were mixed with various doses of mud pirítico (control, level of care, level of intervention, etc. .) simulating different field conditions. All indicators functionality soil (enzymatic activities and microbiological overall) fell after the addition of mud pirítico, with a change in the structure of the microbial community (fatty acid profiles) parallel to increasing concentrations of heavy metals and bioavailable decline pH. After 3 months of incubation was added calcium carbonate, simulating the work of restoration carried out in situ. Following the amendment, despite recover the initial values of pH, was not implemented full recovery of the functionality of the soil. Thus, the indicators evaluated microbial functionality and structure shown to be very sensitive and useful tools for assessing soil health of the Basin Guadiamar. After this conclusion, we proceeded to evaluate and monitor in-situ soil health of the basin Guadiamar by comparing microbial indicators of functionality and structure in three different types of plots: i) not affected by the spill or reference (NA n = 6), ii) contaminated and restaruadas (IR, n = 10) and iii) contaminated but not restaruadas (P, n = 3). The differences between the situation with maximum impact (CO) and the plot restuaradas (IR), represented the recovery undertaken as a result of the work of restaruación. This could be expressed in relative terms as if we benchmark the status of NA plots. Sampling was conducted annually during the period 2000-04. Our results showed that under conventional criteria chemical (concentration of heavy metals bioavailable, pH, etc.) the success of the work of restoration was very high. However, the restoration of soil health could not be considered complete yet in terms of the structure and function of soil microbial community. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the composcición of the microbial community and enzymatic activities tested, suggesting accompanying changes in the functionality and diversity of the soil. Finally, evaluated the potential risk of mobilization of heavy metals that revegetation, conducted in soils restored (with residual contamination), it could represent due to the release of exudates acids rizosféricos due to the "chemical time bomb" (sensu Stigliani, 1991), as well as possible changes in biota associated with such rizosferas. To achieve this goal conducted an experiment in which they planted two plants (Medicago sativa L. and Lolium perenne 8 L.) in m 5ba acetas with different soil types and dosages of pollutant (considering controls in the designs pilot). It was noted that the establishment of plants in soil with residual contamination increased the amount of heavy metals leached at least upper floors of the section of the basin Guadiamar. Additionally. Contaminated mud pirítico had a clear negative impact on the ecology of the soil: Soil functionality (actividaes enzyme), bacterial community (T-RFLP) and community nematológica. However, the presence of rizosferas helped to dispel the negative effect of the contaminant on soil biota. Thus, all these are factors that must be considered to ensure a complete success in future reforestation programs soil with residual contamination.

Author: Martínez Fernández Sergio.
Year: 2005.
University: JAÉN.
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales.

Summary: In this Doctoral Thesis explores mechanisms that regulate processes of differentiation against the proliferation processes along the muscular skeletal morphogenesis, and provides data that give a more detailed molecular pathways that modulate the differentiation of cardiomiocitos during trials of cardiogénesis. indicates that Pitx2c is the predominant isoform in this cell line. 2) The cells Sol8 that sobreexpresan Pitx2c show an increase in the proliferative capacity coupled with an increase in levels of mRNA for the c-myc gene, Ciclina D1 and Ciclina D2, which regulate the cell cycle, keeping the expression of Pitx2a and Pitx2b. These results indicate a specific role for Pitx2c in modulating the expression of cell cycle genes in cells miogénicas. 3) Cells Sol8 that sobreexpresan Pitx2c grown in terms of differentiation show an increase in levels of mRNA of Pax3 and a sharp decrease in the expression of MyoD and Miogenina, with respect to myo-tubes Sol8 control. These results indicate that Pitx2c is involved in regulating the expression of specific transcription factors in the skeletal muscles and that the overexpression of Pitx2c maintains cells Sol8 in an undifferentiated state. 4) The sharp drop in the expression of genes coding for proteins contractile muscle skeletal sTnI and MyH3 in cells Sol8 that sobreexpresan Pitx2c, suggests the involvement of transcription factor Pitx2c in blocking the processes of differentiation miogénica terminal. 5) This study reveals a hitherto unknown role of the transcription factor Pitx2c in the balance between proliferation and differentiation in a cell line miogénica. Role of Pitx2c in the process of differentiation of muscle cardiac 6) Although it was hitherto considered timely expression of the genes controlling cardiogénesis bodies embryonic derived from different lines of embryonic stem cells, our results provide data quantifying levels expression of genes that regulate the different stages of differentiation in vitro of cardiomiocitos derived from the line R1. 7) Over the processes of differentiation in vitro, cardiomiocitos derived from embryonic stem cells of the line R1 expressed genes coding of factors regulating the cardiogénesis, genes involved in the formation of the cardiac chambers and genes coding for proteins cardiac contractile members of sarcomere. These results suggest certain parallels between the processes of differentiation in vitro of cardiomiocitos derived from the line R1 and cardiogénesis which takes place during the embryonic development of mouse, and thus these cardiomiocitos are a good model to study the role of factor transcript Pitx2c main isoform of Pitx2 implicated in cardiac differentiation processes. 8) The cardiomiocitos derived from the line R1 profiles expression of Nkx2.5 similar conditions overexpression of Pitx2c and under normal conditions, suggesting that the transcription factor Pitx2c does not regulate the expression of Nkx2.5 in the processes of differentiation in vitro, coinciding with previous data obtained in vivo. 9) The overexpression of Pitx2c in cardiomiocitos derived from the line R1 causes a sharp increase in levels of mRNA Anf in the terminal stage of differentiation in vitro. Since the expression of Anf is seen as a reference to the commencement of the formation of the cardiac 8 s cameras in viv 9fe or, our results suggest that the transcription factor Pitx2c could have a role in shaping cardiomiocitos specific chambers in the heart stages terminal differentiation in vitro. 10) The large increase in the expression of Anf caused by the overexpression of Pitx2c in cardiomiocitos terminals, accompanied by increases in levels of mRNA of the gene Gata4, Gata6 and Tbx5. Our results and interactions described by other authors among the factor Gata4 and factors Tbx5 and Gata6, allowing activation of the expression of promoter Anf suggest that Pitx2c could indirectly regulate the expression of Anf by controlling the expression of Gata4 , Gata6 and Tbx5. 11) The overexpression of Pitx2c in cardiomiocitos derived from embryonic stem cells of the line R1 causes a noticeable activation of the expression of Irx4 in the intermediate stage of differentiation in vitro, as well as a significant increase in levels of mRNA Irx4 in stages terminals. Our results might suggest involvement of transcription factor Pitx2c in regulating the expression of Irx4. In addition, these results and the expression of Irx4 described by other authors in forming regions and in the ventricles themselves ventricles during embryonic development, suggesting that Pitx2c could intervene in the specification of cardiomiocitos ventricular. 12) The increase in the levels of mRNA for the gene MLC2v at the end of the in vitro differentiation of cardiomiocitos derived from the line R1, it is accompanied by an increase in the expression of Irx4. Thus, our results would suggest an indirect action of Pitx2c in regulating the expression of MLC2v by controlling the expression of Irx4 in the terminal stage of differentiation in vitro.

Author: CAMPOS PÉREZ FRANCISCO.
Year: 2005.
University: VIGO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The antoxina-a is a cianotoxina serving activating receptor type nicotinic Ach. While some are known features of the acute effects produced by the administration of anatoxina-a the features of its mechanism of action at neuroquímico are less known. Most studies with anatoxina-a have been made only in vitro experimental conditions, there being no study that characterized the neurochemical effects of the toxin in an in vivo model. The objectives of this study are: 1-To determine the effects of the administration intraestriatal of anatoxina-a on extracellular levels of dopamine and its metabolites DOPAC and HVA, in the heart of striated conscious rats and free movement and characterization nicotinic receptor and glutamatérgicos involved in the effect of anatoxina-a. 3-Studying the release mechanism (exocitótico and / or via conveyor) by which the activation of nicotinic receptors by anatoxina-a induces the release of dopamine. 4-Consider the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the effect of anatoxina-a. 5, check-modulating receptors homoméricos alfa7 * in the release of glutamate and GABA-induced taurine by anatoxina-a at the heart striated, and check possible link between glutamate release with the release of endogenous dopamine, taurine and GABA. The results show that anatoxina-a can be used as an agonist important in the study of nicotinic receptors by the technique of brain microdialysis in vivo. In addition represents a new evidence in vivo mediated by receptors ncotínicos homoméricos alfa7 * and the nicotinic heteroméricos -/beta2 * receptors on the regulation of dopamine in the nucleus striated. The release of dopamine estriatal induced by anatoxina-a, at least in the doses used in these studies is predominantly mediated by a mechanism exocitótico, calcium, sodium, and TTX dependent, this being a mechanism independent of the conveyor. Reports also indicate that the anatoxina-a produces an indirect activation of receptor ionotrópicos glutamatérgicos, NMDA and AMPA / Kainato, causing an increase in the release of dopamine. Furthermore, the activation of NMDA receptors can act on the NOS activity, increasing levels of NO which in turn increases the levels of dopamine estriatal. And lastly, the anatoxina-a induces a release of glutamate and GABA taurine, through nicotinic alta7 *. receivers The release of glutamate in turn exerts an effect estimulatorio on the release of dopamine, GABA and taurine, which also shows the indirect effect of the recipients alfa7 * on the release of dopamine through glutamate.

Author: SÁNCHEZ FERNÁNDEZ ESTELA.
Year: 2005.
University: VIGO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: It has long been known to exist in spontaneous bursts rhythmic activity in the neurons of the nuclei of the dorsal columns (NCD) in the anesthetized cat. In this laboratory has been discovered clusters of action potentials (AP) cells of the rat NCD growing that resemble the doubles and gusts of PA, described in the cat and the raccoon anestesiadas, but not described in rats in vivo. To that end, it wanted to find out what kind of spontaneous activity in the rat adult anestesiada, if any spontaneous bursts and if the activity is present or not is rhythmic. Most neurons in the nucleus cuneado (NC) studied (155 of 185) fired spontaneously: 74% mainly in PA, singles and 26% mostly in bursts of PA However, the number of neurons which presents occasional bursts amounts to 60% of the neurons spontaneous. Approximately 14% of the neurons were spontaneous rhythmic and were found close to óbex. Although the frequency of the PA, was mostly in the range of 0-15 PA / s, rhythmic spontaneous activity reached higher levels (10-70 Hz). The stimulation of lemnisco medial (LM) often triggered several cells antidrómicas with the same latency. Responses orotodrómicas short latency such stimulation are consistent with an exciting action through collateral lemniscales recurring. It is interesting to note that none of the cells that fired bursts rhythmic responded to the stimulation of LM, this suggests that concerned delas interneuronas of CN. These results show for the first time that neurons of the rat NC can fire bursts spontaneous rhythmic and that there are groups of neurons cuneolemniscales who share the same speed driving. These two features can be important in the integration of sensory information, spatial and temporal strengthening of the exit from the NCD towards the thalamus somatosensorial and, in addition, are not unique to carnivores. Even so, we find some diferencies between the spontaneous activity in rats and anesthetized cat. The physiological relevance of these differences is unclear, but may involve substantial changes in the mode of information processing in the NCD between the two species. The 81% of the neurons of PA, randomized, 72% of the neurons of PA, rhythmic and 100% of the neurons firing in bursts responded with a flurry of field stimulation to the receiver. Sometimes followed by an inhibition. The 100% of the cells burst rhythmic, disrupted his shot in bursts, losing the pace during the stimulation field receiver. Only responded to stimulation in the primary motor cortex on 27% of the neurons examined for this stimulus, 6 neurons is inhibited (5 of them was rhythmic), and 20 responded with one or more action potentials.

Author: Tarrío Yáñez Nuria.
Year: 2005.
University: A CORUÑA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Ciencias.

Summary: In yeast, previous studies indicated that Kluyveomyces lactis, yeast preferably respiradora, has some more effective mechanisms for reoxidar the NADPH generated by the path of pentosas phosphate to conventional Saccharmyces cerevisiae yeast, yeast preferably fermentadora. This allows greater use of the route of pentosas phosphate for catabolización of glucose K. Lactis, in connection with S. Cerevisae. The thesis focuses on the study of mechanisms reoxidación of NADPH in K. Lactis. Basically: biosynthesis routes, cycles transhidrogenasa, routes response to oxidative stress and deshidrogenasas alternatives outside. In relation to routes biosintéticas and cycles transhidrogenasa, there have been studies transcriptoma through arrays heterologous comparing a strain of K. Lactis with a mutant (rag2) forced catabolizar entire glucose through the path of pentosas phosphate, thus generating an increase in cytosolic NADPH. In the analysis of expression not found significant differences between wild and mutant strain grown in both glucose, indicating that the use of the route of pentosas phosphate is very high in the wild strain. The largest differences were found in the comparison of transcriptoma in mutant rag2 grown on glucose to fructose front, although it is not seen any increase in consumer biosynthesis route of NADPH or any cycle transhidrogenasa make the NADPH in NADH for the latter to be breathed or fermented, it appears an increase in some genes response to oxidative stress, whose central enzymes used as cofactor NADPH. In addition, studies were conducted trials of gene expression and enzyme activity have shown that the cycle citoplasmático mediated by glutamate deshidrogenasas is not involved in reoxidación of NADPH in the mutant rag2 when it is grown on glucose. The study of the enzymes involved in oxidative stress response in the reoxidación of NADPH in excess generated by the mutant rag2 using molecular biology techniques, analysis of gene expression and test of enzyme activity has led us also to study the interrelationship between the response to oxidative stress and metabolism respirator. To this end, they have studied the enzyme glutathione reductase, tiorredoxina reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and catalase. With regard to reoxidación of NADPH, it is concluded that in the interface between enzymes in response to stress and reoxidación of NADPH is only involved in the metabolism of glutathione than for tiorredoxinas. The study of the relationship between the response to oxidative stress and metabolism respirator has been developed to compare the mutant rag2 with the wild strain in normal and hypoxia. The obligation to catabolizar entire glucose through the path of pentosas phosphate in the rag 2 generates it an increase in breathing. By feasibility studies in different cell concentrations hidroperóxidos showed that the mutant rag2 was more resistant than the wild strain, also in this experiment also found that K. Lactis were more resistant to stress that S. Cerevisiae. The result of the change studies aerobic / hypoxia showed that the foundations of this increased resistance to oxidative stress of mutant rag2 residents of the increased activity of the enzymes catalase and glutathione reductase. It was further observed that the activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was positively correlated with the amount of dissolved oxygen in culture medium, correlacionandose also with the activity of glutación reductase. So, a larger amount of dissolved oxygen, much glucose is catabolizada through the path of pentosas phosphate therefore higher glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and increased cytosolic NADPH, it generates an increase in glutathione reductase activity more respirator and metabolism increases catalase activity. Raising these two yeast strains become more resistant to stress ox 8 idativa. 5 d2 Finally, we have studied the involvement of deshidrogenasas mitochondrial alternatives outside the reoxidación of cytosolic NADPH. To this end we have identified and characterized two ORFs counterparts to deshidrogenasas alternatives outside the genome of K. Lactis were called KlNDE1 and KlNDE2 respectively. Both enzymes are capable both reoxidar NADPH and NADH cytosolic although Klnde1p is essential for the growth of mutant rag2 in glucose. The deshidrogenasas alternatives are attached to the external transport chain mail, so electrons transferred to the ubiquinona and synthesizes ATP. Accordingly, the largest reoxidacion of NADPH citosolico happens in Klnde1 p, which generates greater activity of the respiratory chain and increased synthesis of ATP, therefore metabolism more respirator.

Author: VERA RODRIGUEZ MANUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: GIRONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: It has analyzed the causes of the spatial distribution of genetic variability of mitochondrial DNA in populations of brown trout in the basin of the Douro and the Pyrenees Orientales. In total we have analyzed de novo 49 locations, 13 in the Douro River Basin and 36 in the main rivers of the eastern Pyrenees. Also analyzed the temporal fluctuations in 14 of the locations of the Eastern Pyrenees. Previous studies indicate a marked contrast to the patterns of diversity between the two territories. In the Douro River basin analysis confirmed the presence of the two lineages matriarchal described previously, the descent Atlantic (TA) and the lineage Douro (DU). The molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) following a hierarchy hydrographic suggested a high structuring of populations ictiológicos consistent with the patterns observed in the basin. The lineage DU appears to have been permanently present in the interior basin of the River Duero, while the areas closest to the mouth have suffered from various colonies of trout lineage AT, which reflect climate change occurred in the Quaternary. It has detected a discrepancy in the boundary between the two groups defined by nuclear genes (alozimas) and mitochondrial DNA. These discrepancies may be due to a more severe effect of genetic drift in the mitochondrial DNA markers in nuclear weapons. However, in this paper we have observed evidence for selection in the mitochondrial DNA lineage DU also explains these discrepancies. The more comprehensive analysis in the basin of the Pyrenees - Orientales, new haplotypes detected in the mitochondrial lineages Adriatic (AD) and Mediterranean (ME). In this region, AMOVAs confirmed that the differences between populations in the river are more important than the differences between rivers. However there was a pattern of isolation by distance throughout the area, reflects the structure of the populations in the basin of the river Ebro. In addition, though AMOVAs showed that the temporary component of the change is less than the spatial, temporal fluctuations in the comparison of matriarchal populations were statistically significant. These fluctuations are associated both genetic drift and processes flujogénico between populations coming. Within the basin, the components of differentiation between tributaries are generally higher than those obtained within each tributary, that pattern seems to be spreading in the brown trout. Studies at microgeográfica in Noguera Vallferrera and Noguera Cardós (aflentes Noguera Pallaresa) reproduced this pattern of differentiation. The actual size and rate of migration between the two rivers were similar to those described in noratlánticas populations. The actual size of the females (Nef), as calculated by the mitochondrial DNA was less than half the size both in the total cash Noguera Vallferrera as in the rest of Pyrenean localities studied. These low sizes strength of the females would also be responsible for the temporary fluctuations observed. Copies repoblados seem hibridar little with the natives, but their presence could intensify indirectly processes genetic drift and complicate the conservation of genetic heritage natives. With the exception of the existence of selection favoring haplotypes lineage DU, population processes that regulate the distribution of genetic variability in the Duero basin and the Pyrenees Orientales might be similar and characterized by the existence of multiple demes interconnected along the river course.

Author: MATA GÓMEZ JUAN ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: In this Doctoral Thesis describes exopolisacáridos (EPS) produced by various strains of halophilic microorganisms that have been marked as belonging to the genera halomonas, Alteromonas, Idiomarina, Palleronia and Salipiger, isolated by our research group in different habitats hypersaline. The first phase of work was to optimize the production of different EPS; in general, the synthesis of the polymer is a process partially associated with bacterial growth, but it starts in the exponential phase of growth, reaching a maximum during the stationary phase, 72 and 120 hours of incubation, depending on the microorganism. Overall, the conditions that led to the maximum production exopolisacárido were the same that allowed the further growth of microorganisms. The chemical characterization of the EPS showed that all biopolymers are heteropolisacáridos up primarily of carbohydrates, but also in their composition are different substituents organic and inorganic. The acid nature of the EPS is due to the presence of acids urónicos, phosphate groups, and remnants Pyruvate sulfate, unusual among EPS of microbial origin. In this paper we have demonstrated the modulating activity on the proliferation of human tumor cells of heteropolisacáridos FP34 of Halomonas anticariensis, B100 and N12 in Halomonas maura, and we have shown the importance of genetic sulfate groups in the biological activity, comparing the action of these polymers with their sulfated and desulfatados chemically similar. Among the highlights EPS tested produced by Halomonas maura strain B100, which, after being subjected to a process of sulfation chemistry dramatically reduces the proliferation of cell lines tested. In relation to their functional properties, the polymer B100 of Halomonas maura highlights among studied in this work as a powerful agent viscosizane. This fact, together with his pseudoplastic behavior, and thixotropic viscoelástico, makes it affordable to other exopolisacáridos as maurano or xantano. All polymer tested were able to stabilize mixtures oleoacusosa in which the stage was a hydrocarbon oil or vegetable oil

Author: RODRÍGUEZ BALLESTEROS MONTSERRAT.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL RAMON Y CAJAL DE MADRID (UNIDAD GENÉTICA MOLECULAR).

Summary: The hearing loss rate DFNB1, caused by mutations in the gene for the conexina 26 (GJB2) on 13q12, is the most common subtype of non-syndromic autosomal recessive hearing loss. However, 10-50% of patients with mutations in the GJB2 provide a single mutant allele (cases monoalélicos). In our lab was marked a deletion of 309 kb, (GJB6-D13S1830), which truncates the gene GJB6 (conexina 30) and showed that the mutation was companion of more than 50% of patients monoalélicos in different populations. However, there were still large case monoalélicos without elucidating. In this work we have undertaken molecular characterization of a new delección of 232 kb in the locus DNFB1, (GJB6-D13S1854), which was also found in trans with pathogenic mutations of GJB2, individuals affected. We developed a diagnostic test to detect both deletions together in a single PCR assay. The mutation of (GJB6-D13S1854) explained 25.5% of cases monoalélicos that remained unresolved after the screening for the (GJB6-D13S1854) in Spain, and has been found in other countries. Haplotype analysis revealed a common founder of the alleles (GJB6-D13S1854) in Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom. For its part, the non-syndromic hearing loss rate DFNB9 is caused by mutations in the gene OTOF, located at 2p22, which encodes the protein otoferlina. In this work we have identified 16 new mutations in OTOF. Among them p.Gln829X is found in 3.4% of cases of non-syndromic autosomal recessive hearing loss in the Spanish population. We have developed a simple diagnostic test for this mutation. The study of haplotypes in individuals carrying the mutation p.Gln829X suggests that there is a founder effect for this mutation in Spain, Argentina, Colombia and Cuba. We investigated the correlation genotipo - fenotipo in individuals with two mutations in OTOF. Moreover, is a subtype of auditory neuropathy in which you indicate the cochlear implant.

Author: NÚÑEZ RAMÍREZ RAFAEL.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: CENTRO NACINAL DE BIOTECTNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: CENTRO NACIONAL DE BIOTECNOLOGIA.

Summary: The primary role of helicasas replicating during replication chromosomal DNA mold is to provide a simple chain to the replicative machinery. The loaded the helicasa in DNA is an essential step in the inico of replication. The helicasas are recruited into the DNA thanks protein primosomales that differ in each agency. This thesis shows the structural characteristics of different macromolecular complexes that are taking place in the beginning of the replication of the bacterium Gram-positiva Bacillus subtilis. First, it has gained the structure of the complex helicasa-cargador DnaC-Dnal through crio-microscopia electronics. The complex is organized as a toroidal structure where three dimers of Dnal are usually a ring hexamérico formed by the protein DnaC. Secondly has studied the structure of DnaB, the second of the shipper helicasa DnaC, through various techniques of structural elucidation. DnaB is organized as a tetramero asymmetrical architecture which reminds to the complex gamma Escherichia coli. This similarity with the structure of the complex DnaC-Dnal suggested that the charging of the helicasa DnaC is done via the mechanism of ring opening. Lastly, has been characterized tridimensionalmente polymorphism of the quaternary helicasa. G40P has enabled the location of the different domains of this family of helicasas and determine the implication of this polymorphism in the Quaternary. The transition between different states of symmetry has been proposed as a mechanism for the translocation of helicasa on DNA.

Author: MODAMIO HOYBJOR SILVIA.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES BIOMÉDICAS.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL RAMÓN Y CAJAL (UNIDAD GENÉTICA MOLECULAR).

Summary: The non-syndromic sensorineural deafness (SNNS), in which hearing loss is the only clinical symptom, is a sensory deficit very often is highly genetic heterogeneity. To date, China has described 95 loci involved in this disorder, which has identified 38 genes responsible. The portfolio of products that they encode is highly varied, ranging from proteins involved in the early development of the inner ear to proteins necessary for the maintenance of highly specialized adult within the cochlea. In this paper, we describe the mapping of a new locus of SNNS inherited as an autosomal dominant, DFNA44, in the region chromosome 3q28-29, and the identification of the mutation causes the disease in the gene C3orf6. This gene encodes Ymer, a protein of unknown function as a newly discovered effector fosforilable in tyrosine involved in the EGF signaling network. In order to understand the role this protein plays in the auditory system, we investigated its pattern of expression in the mouse inner ear. As a result, we have detected the presence of four different isoforms of the gene whose expression is not restricted to the inner ear. We have also concluded that Ymer is a soluble protein and cytosolic. Similarly, the experiments performed immunohistochemistry on sections of the inner ear of mice of different stadiums pre - and postnatal show a dynamic expression of Ymer which coincides with the events of differentiation of the various structures for the development of the inner ear, and that is restricted to the groove vascular and vestibular sensory epithelium in the adult inner ear. This suggests that Ymer could play an important role in the development of the inner ear as well as the maintenance of auditory and vestibular function in adults.

Author: Martínez Cordero Ma.Angeles.
Year: 2006.
University: MURCIA.
Place of defense: CEBAS-CSIC.
Place of preparation: CEBAS-CSIC.

Summary: The cultivation without ground pepper is one of the most important in the region. One of the most important aspects of farming without soil is the optimization of the application of fertilizers for proper nutrition of the plant. The K + is one of the most important nutrients and the most abundant mineral cation regard to the dry weight of the plant so that the nutrition of K + is a key factor in growing any plant. In the case of pepper there is little information about the most basic aspects associated with the absorption of K + tion from a physiological and molecular level. The practice of growing without soil using nutritional solutions are too concentrated above the optimal dose for the application of nutrients. It would be possible to use more dilute solutions without compromising production and thus reduce the input of fertilizer. This requires adequate information on the systems of K + uptake operating in the roots of the pepper plants in those conditions. With the results we can reach the following conclusions: plants pepper ayunadas K + develop a transport system for high-affinity K + able to exhaust the K + solution of the external 120 minutes. This system developed by plants grown in the absence of NH4 + is inhibited in a competitive concentrations micromolares of NH4 + and Cs + and Na + concentrations milimolares of. It induces manner specified in the roots ayunadas K + resulting induction when the domestic content of K + in the root ayunada is less than 30 mg g PS-1. If the plants are grown in the presence of NH4 + get an additional system of K + transport is not inhibited by NH4 + and is able to mediate the entry of K + concentrations micromolares. This system seems to have a lesser ability to concentrate K + that the system is inhibited by NH4 +. This system insensitive to NH4 + shows a greater inhibition by inhibitor channels Cs +, Ba2 + and ASD. The plants ayunadas K + express a gene that encodes a transporter high affinity K +. This conveyor group I belong to the family of carriers HAK and has called CaHAK1. The characteristics of the transport mediated by CaHAK1 in yeast and the showing of K + transport in plants, along with the pattern of expression of CaHAK1 indicate that most likely CaHAK1 is the sole transporter of high affinity K + operating in the plants grown in the absence , NH4 +. In plants grown in the presence of NH4 +, besides CaHAK1, c anal counterpart to AKT1 Arabidopsis, called CaAKT1, could participate in the entry of K + in the range of micromolar concentrations.

Author: López Berenguer Carmen.
Year: 2006.
University: MURCIA.
Place of defense: Edafología y Biología.
Place of preparation: Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC).

Summary: The broccoli is a crop of great importance in the region, which also has great nutritional value. Within the bioactive compounds beneficial to human health in the broccoli highlight the glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, vitamin C and minerals, mainly because their properties anticancerígenas and antioxidants. The various factors affecting these properties beneficial to human health of broccoli are the main objectives of this study. Of these factors, we are focusing on the one hand, the effect of salinity, and that the use of water with high saline content is very common in agriculture in the region. To that end, we studied the physiological response (absorption and transport of water, along with the absorption and assimilation of nutrients) of these plants to different concentrations of NaCl. On the other hand, we studied the effects of different conditions cooked on the nutritional quality of the heads of broccoli. From the results it is concluded that, despite the adverse effects that conditions salt produced in the development and growth of plants of broccoli, the contents of bioactive compounds beneficial to health is reinforced by stress saline. In addition, domestic cooking processes affect greatly to these compounds beneficial for health, cooking with steam being the least harmful and cooking with the microwave more damaging, though combinations of time and water used for cooking help optimize losses.

Author: Fuentes Agustí Marta.
Year: 2006.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Facultat de psicologia.
Place of preparation: Escuela de Doctorado y Formación Continuada - UAB.

Author: Solorzano Navarro Eduvigis.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
Place of preparation: Universidad Autónoma de BArcelona.

Summary: It is a contribution to the study of genetic diversity in populations American. It was analyzed using the methodology of Ancient DNA, skeletal remains of deposits Mesoamerican three different eras who are placed with dating from the pre-Hispanic Aztec society the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain, in order to infer from maternal lineages, the dynamics the populations in the Central Valley of Mexico and the possible contribution of genetic Spanish and African contingent arrived in Mexican territory. This polymorphic sites were analyzed stable in the region coding and sequencing of the region of mtDNA that HVI have been compared with data from current and former populations in the Americas and Asia.

Author: Buzón Redorta Víctor.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
Place of preparation: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

Summary: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV is a virus membrane of the Retroviridae family. The first step in the infection process is its entry into the cell huéped. In the case of infection of T lymphocytes, first comes the recognition receptor CD4 by the protein gp120 virus. This protein is linked by weak interactions with other protein membrane lípidica virus, the protein gp41. This is the responsible end of the final process of the merger between the plasma membrane of the host cell and membrane lípidica virus, allowing the entry of the latter into the cytoplasm of the cell and initiating the process of infection. The protein gp41 by its extreme amino terminal hydrophobic sequence and very rich in glycine and alanine residues and is known as fusion peptide. Once produced recognition, gp120 undergoes a change conformacional which is transmitted to the gp41, so that the peptide fusion interact with the lymphocyte membrane, triggering the process of merger. In this paper we have studied the interaction of peptide fusion protein gp41 of HIV membrane model. The results have led to propose a kinetic model of the processes which take place during the interaction of these peptides with model membranes, thus contributing remarkably to resolve a controversial issue so far, concerning the type of structure that adopts the peptide fusion when interact with the membrane and triggers the merger. The work has also made it possible to determine the importance of potential dipolar membrane, a physical-chemical parameters of the membranes in these processes, as well as the importance of the presence of cholesterol in the membrane model. Depending on the results, the fusion peptide first interaccionaría with the membrane. Once attached to the membrane, the peptide fusion experience a change conformacional from a mixture of helical structure, disorderly and aggregate, over estrcutura, which ultimately would be responsible for the structure of the merger. In addition, the peptide fusion during interaction lead to a destabilization of the membrane, an aggregation model membranes and dehydration its interface aigua-lípido. The dipolar membrane potential, it would affect only the process of binding of peptide fusion of the membranes, while not affect change conformacional nor the merger. The latter would be affected per hydration of the membranes and / or its fluidity, as demonstrated in the results obtained with cholesterol. Finally, the work has enabled us to formualr the question of whether aggregates peptídicos protein structures could be responsible for the cytotoxic effect. Knowledge of the molecular processes of viral infection will allow the design of new pharmacological strategies that might inhibit the entry of the virus into the host cell.