LIFE SCIENCES, 3

Author: RODRÍGUEZ MURILLO LAURA.
Year: 2004.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The information imbalance gamético (DG) background is relevant to the realization of proper design and interpretation of studies of gene localization of disease through DM. These studies have been conducted using genetic markers with different evolutionary dynamics such as SNPs and microsatellites. Therefore, the quantification of DG can be disturbed by the existence of DG-dependent marker, so that is required to find out what fraction of DG background is due to the specific characteristics of each marker. The present work has been carried out an evaluation of DG-dependent marker with 18 SNPs and 22 microsatellites located over a large region of the human genome anonymously, as is the short arm of chromosome 11. The DG was compared between pairs of SNPs and peer microsatellite. The DG peer microsatellite revealed a pattern of DM dependent on the frequency and size of the alleles involved. This pattern of DM dependent allele confirms previous results obtained in the regions chromosome 11p15 and Zq25-28, and presents an explanation based on the high rate and complex dynamics mutacional of microsatellites. The DG extends far short distances between pairs of SNPs that peer microsatellite. Thus, most of the pairs of SNPs in DM are separated by less than 0.5 cM. However, the distance between pairs of microsatellites in DG is close to the segregation independent (42 cM). In addition, the ratio of the intensity of DG are the frequency of recombination between pairs of microsatellites in DG with the frequency of recombination between pairs of SNPs follows a significant negative correlation. Rather, this tendency is not observed between pairs of microsatellites seems to be the main determining factor in the observed differences in the patterns of DM with either type of marker. The results suggest that the SNPs are better markers that microsatellites DG background in the genome. Thus, the DG-dependent marker represents a significant fraction of DG background along the genome. For this reason, it is important to quantify for other regions of the genome in order to properly perform the design and interpretation of studies of gene localization of disease through DM. The otosclerosis is one of the most common causes of hearing loss among adults home caucasoide. Genes CIL1A1 and COL1A2 have been proposed as a candidate gene involved in otosclerosis. The present study presents an independent study of the association between otosclerosis and polymorphisms in the gene COL1A1 and COL1A2 with 100 individuals affected and 100 healthy controls, all from the Galician population. Specifically, two markers were studied in COL1A1 who had been associated with otosclerosis in a previous study, and six markers in COL1A2. The association analysis was based on the comparison of allelic frequencies, genotypic and haplotype two loci between individuals affected and controls. The results do not provide any evidence for a possible involvement of genes CIL1A1 and COL1A2 in the etiology of otosclerosis.

Author: PEREZ PINERA PABLO.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The pleiotrofina (PTN) is a cytokine that is expressed in various tissues during embryonic development, but with restricted expression during adult life except during tissue repair processes. The pleiotrofina is also a proto-oncogén as evidenced by the facts has the capacity to transform normal cells, increasing the malignancy of cells in pre stadium and interference with the marking of PTN reverts the malignant phenotype of these tumors. PTN signals through inhibition of the phosphatase activity of the receiver Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) beta / zeta increasing levels of tyrosine phosphorylation in the substrate of RPTP beta / zeta, beta-catenin. We designed the experiments described here to discuss in depth the way signaling PTN / RPTP beta / zeta / beta-catenin, as well as identify new substrates RPTP beta / zeta which are therefore targets signaling PTN. We have shown that after stimulation with PTN, beta-catenin is discia of N-cadherina and N-cadherina is degraded by initiating a series of changes consistent with a transformation epiteli-mesenqumal. We discovered that the proteins beta-adducida and Fyn are substrates of RPTP beta / zeta and that levels of tyrosine phosphorylation in the beta-adducina and Fyn increase in response to PTN. PTN simultaneously active protein kinase C which increases levels of phosphorylation at serine of beta-adducina determined the subcellular target of beta-adducina. The results of these experiments therefore identified several proteins that are targets of the road signaling PTN / RPTP beta / and zeta potential candidates for the design of inhibitors that interfere with specific form of PTN and can be used to treat tumors with constitutive expression of Ptn.

Author: FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ AGUSTIN.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTADE DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The main objective of this thesis is to examine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the development strategy of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during their first year of life. We used 5 loci enzymatic and 9 loci microsatellites as genetic markers. On the one hand analyzed the influence of environmental factors by comparing two samples with the same genetic background to farm in different environments (Spain and Scotland), and secondly, the influence of genetic component to compare two samples with different genetic funds in the same ambient (Spain). The results show that the interaction of these two factors determines the evolution of the population structure. There is a minimum size at which juveniles begin the process of esguinado which, together with the average size of esguines is set at the population level. The environmental factors, including stress and the photoperiod temperature, determine the proportion of individuals who are capable of overcoming this minimum size and esguinan the following spring, so that under conditions more favorable for growth this proportion increases. Although levels of variability found with the microsatellite loci outnumber those found with the enzyme loci, did not reveal any genetic marker unequivocal physiological class, but an association with the heterocigosidad enzyme, which does not exist with the heterocigosidad enzyme, which seems absence with heterocigosidad microsatellite. Individuals with greater heterocigosidad enzyme individually are presenting the largest and lowest values of asymmetry, while using microsatellite loci these relationships are not presented. Thus the "sobredominancia functional" is the hypothesis that best explains the relationships found, supporting the idea that enzymes and microsatellites are differentially affected by natural selection and that the enzyme loci are actively involved in increasing the biological effectiveness.

Author: PUPO BALBOA JUDITH BEATRIZ.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO BIOQUIMICA Y BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOQUIMICA Y BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR. FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The characterization of cDNA of mHax-1 concluded that the transcription of this gene gives rise to two messengers as a result of processing court and alternative splicing of the primary transcribed. One of the messengers retains the second intrón, leading to greater messenger. The other messenger, which has eliminated all introns and exons containing all it is called messenger short. Both are expressed in cells in RAW 264.7 and leukocytes mouse, and induce cells in RAW 264.7 effect of LPS and silica, agents stimulating the inflammatory response. The biggest causes a messenger protein truncated as a result of the emergence of a hat-trick so message to join the intrón 2. This protein is unstable. The messenger short encodes a protein of 35 kDa that contains the complete pattern. This protein is predominantly expressed in all cells assayed. The functional analysis revealed that the two proteins have no effect on apoptosis induced by BAX. The characterization bioinformatica revealed that the gene is located on chromosome 3 mouse and contains 7 exons and 6 introns. It has been isolated 1.2 kb of sequence 5 premium flanqueante gene and has been studied as a promoter region. This piece of DNA is sufficient to happen transcription. Its activity is not inducing effect of LPS and change is induced by interferon-gamma.

Author: Prieto Lloret Jesús.
Year: 2004.
University: VALLADOLID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Medicina.

Summary: He described the hiperoxia in perinatal period produces atrophy of carotid body. Using the experimental protocol we wanted to explore the functionality delas structures with physiological response to hypoxia (cell quimiorreceptoras the carotid body, cells in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and producing erythropoietin) after subjecting alos animal studies at levels of oxygen 55 at 60%, using such portocolo pilot to study the impact stay in the incubator to which children are subject premature. The ultimate goal would be to identify, if found differences in these structures among animals controls and hiperóxidos, in the footsteps of the cscada transduction of encouragement hipócico who have been affected by hypoxic who have resuoltado affected by the hiperoxia, and through of mircroarrays differentials be able to identify the genes involved in this response altered. On the other hand the role of certain neurotransmitters in the stage of quimiotransducción in the carotid body is not resolved, including the role that would at this stage the substance P and dopamine. Using an experimental design animal Knockouts for recipients NK1 for substance P, and D2 for dopamine, we tried to clarify the role of these substances in the body cartídeo, and the preparation of animals knockouts suitable for defining the role of the gene annulled.

Author: Chamero Benito Pablo.
Year: 2004.
University: VALLADOLID.
Place of defense: Facultad de Medicina.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Medicina.

Summary: The overall objective of this study is to characterize the role of calcium signaling processes subcellular level, mainly in the nucleus and mitochondria. The core is surrounded by a double membrane, the nuclear shell, which was able to accumulate calcium within its lumen. It has been suggested that calcium can be released directly from the cytoplasm to the nuclear wrapped through ion channels associated both receivers inositol trisfosfato present in the inner membrane of the nuclear shell. Moreover, the cytosol and nucleoplasma are connected through nuclear pores of 10 nm in diameter, apparently susceptible to the free passage of ions. First measured levels of calcium within the mitochondria of cells GH3 alive through images bioluminiscencia obtained from the probe calcium aequorina (AEQ) led to different organelle. For measurement of [Ca2 +] expresses the AEQ cells GH3 by infection with a type of viral vector herpes simplex (HSV). It is found that calcium oscillations exist in the mitochondria that behave in a similar manner to the cytosolic. The physiological significance of these oscillations could be mitochondrial calcium modulation of breath. The increase of [Ca2 +] ma micromolar levels is capable of activating numerous deshidrogenasas mitochondria resulting in an increase of breath. Another objective of this dissertation is to compare the signals from nuclear and cytosolic calcium reported AEQs directed both the cytosol and the nucleus of various cell types, both at rest as compared to different stimuli. To check whether the nuclear wrapped affect the progression of the wave of calcium induced increases in [Ca2 +] c by activating the entry of calcium across the plasma membrane by high K + depolarization, for release of calcium from deposits by intracellular agonists coupled to the generation of inositol 1,4,5-trisfosfato (IP3). Subsequently compares peak calcium obtained in the cytosol and the nucleus, being similar in both cases. However, if there are fluctuations spontaneous nuclear calcium into cells GH3 through image bioluminiscencia in single cell, are less frequent and of lesser magnitude that the cytosolic. Thus, the nuclear shell acts as a barrier permeability to dampen the spread of calcium into the kernel. On the other hand, there are several evidences suggest that active regulation of [Ca2 +] ne independent of [Ca2 +] c. To study the possible regulation differential, looks at nuclear and cytosolic calcium in response to the release of calcium by IP3 5 M, using cells GH3 permeabilizadas, where increasing calcium in the core is higher than in the cytosol. The inhibitor themselves receivers IP3 heparin, which does not penetrate inside the nucleus, inhibits the peak of [Ca2 +] c but not of [Ca2 +] n during stimulation with IP3. However, using permeable inhibitor of receptotes of IP3 2-aminoetoxidifenil borate (2APB), it blocks the release of calcium induced by IP3 both in the kernel and in the cytosol. It produces a dose response curve of IP3 and compares the curves obtained in the nucleus and in the cytosol. This will check if the kernel has a lower threshold than the cytosol for the release of calcium induced IP3, which would result in an increase in the preferential nucleus when cells were stimulated with concentrations submáximas agonist. Since calcium reaches the interior of the nucleus by diffusion from the shrouded nuclear finding a mechanism that would liberate calcium locally in specific regions in the interior of the nucleus. With a GFP to the cytosol are detected extensions intranucleares cytoplasm. Also discussed is the distrib 8 ución of 421 protein associated with the nuclear lamina wrapped B noting that there are extensions of the nuclear shell. It checks for the presence of mitochondria in invaginaciones through mitochondrial GFP and MitoTracker network. We have studied the distribution of the IR with a GFP to the IR and the coloring ER-tracker. Finally, it confirms the extension of the nuclear and cytosol IR by electron microscopy.

Author: MARCHAL ORTEGA JUAN ALBERTO.
Year: 2004.
University: JAÉN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: Introduction The determination of sex in the species Microtus cabrerae presents some characteristics that make it a model for studying the structure, composition and evolution of sex chromosomes and the mechanisms of sex determination in mammals. The X and Y chromosomes of this species are especially large due to the presence of large block heterocromatina constituent. The sex chromosomes of M. Cabrerae not mate during prophase I of meiosis, and therefore asinápticos. The gene determining testicle SRY takes this a unique distribution since it is located in the Y chromosome, as is normal in most mammals, and the X chromosome, while females being present at the M. Cabrerae the only species in which this has been described. Objectives We have studied the composition and organization of sex chromosomes giants M. Cabrerae by cytogenetic and molecular techniques. The proposed objectives are as follows: 1. Study repeated sequences of blocks heterocromáticos of the X and Y chromosomes in M. Cabrerae. 2. To analyze the origin and evolution of sex chromosomes giants in Microtus species. 3. Studying the chromosomal location, organization, sequencing and the origin of multiple copies of the gene SRY present in males and females of the species M. Cabrerae. Methods To make this work we used cytogenetic techniques (chromosome preparations, C-band, FISH and "chromosome painting") and molecular (genomic DNA extraction and plasmid, isolation of DNA by repeated restrictions, additions by PCR, cloning and sequencing DNA, marking probes and Southern blot). Results and Discussion 1. Repeated sequences of the sex chromosomes of M. Cabrerae We have characterized three types of repeated sequences of these chromosomes: MSAT-160, McaY (851) and McaL1. A) MSAT-160 This is a repeated sequence pairs AT rich, organized in tandem with a monomer of 161 base pairs. In addition, MSAT-160 is located in the regions pericentroméricas all autosomas. The results in this and other species of the genus Microtus show that the DNA has a satellite distribution chromosomal amplification degree and methylation are especie-específicos. B) McaY (851) is a sequence repeated interdispersa of 851 base pairs conserved and very rich in AT pairs. It is located exclusively in the heterocromatina the Y chromosome of M. Cabrerae and other species Microtus. C) Sequences McaL1 sequences, McaL1 (1.8), McaL1 (750) and McaL1 (500), are fragments of different elements L1. They accumulate preferentially in the heterocromatina of chromosome Y. Sequences homologous to these fragments are located all autosomas and the region eucromática of the X chromosome 2. Evolution of the sex chromosomes in species micrótidos This study has been carried out through the preparation of probes from chromosomes isolated by microdisección chromosome. The results show that the blocks heterocromáticos of the sex chromosomes of the species M. Cabrerae have different composition that suggests an origin and evolution independently for each of them. However, the species M. Agrestis blocks of both sex chromosomes have the same composition. Everything indicates that the sex chromosomes of the species micrótidos have the ability to accumulate repeated sequences, but the type of sequence accumulated and accumulation mechanisms differ from some other species. On the other hand, re-8 results 6ba indicate that the regions eucromáticas of the sex chromosomes of the species micrótidos are highly conserved. 3. Analysis of gene SRY on M. Cabrerae We have shown that the males and females of the species M. Cabrerae from different populations presents multiple copies of the gene SRY. The multiple copies of this gene are located around the block heterocromático the X chromosome in the region eucromática of chromosome Y. In addition, we have analyzed and partial sequences of complete copies of the gene SRY of both sex chromosomes. Demonstrating that all of them are pseudogenes and that presents a very complex structure being analyzed all copies associated with mobile genetic elements. The partnership with retrotransposones of copies of the gene SRY suggested that the anomalous distribution of these copies in the genome of M. Cabrerae has been produced by retrotransposición. This would explain the step of copies of the gene to chromosome X and Y possibly subsequent expansion throughout the bloc heterocromático of the X chromosome

Author: MELLADO DIAZ ANDRES.
Year: 2004.
University: MURCIA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Biología.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.

Author: Calvó Perxas Laia.
Year: 2004.
University: GIRONA.
Place of defense: Facultat de Ciències. Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica.
Place of preparation: Facultat de Ciències. Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica.

Summary: The agriculture and industrialization have resulted in a significant increase in the number of environments rich in ammonia. The presence of nitrogen compounds reduces water quality, causing toxicity problems, deteriorating environment and even affect human health. Accordingly, nitrification has become a global process that affects the cycle of nitrogen in the biosphere. This cycle is mainly mediated by the activity of various microorganisms, including bacteria oxidizing ammonium (AOB), which are responsible for the oxidation of nitrite to ammonium. The first oxidadores ammonium were isolated in the late nineteenth century, but the slow pace of its growth and the difficulties they grow up to the end of the 80's, when the first studies were conducted with the gene 16S rDNA, failure to achieve an understanding complete this group of bacteria. Currently, the databases contain many entries with sequences corresponding to oxidizing bacteria ammonium. The aim of this study was to find, develop and evaluate useful and reliable tools for the study of ammonium oxidizing bacteria in environmental samples. In this paper we describe the first use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with. By applying probes with specific target in the 16S rRNA of ammonium oxidizing bacteria, FISH allowed us to detect and count this group of bacteria. However, this method did not allow detection of new sequences, which needed a new tool. With this intention attempt to use the sequence of the probe Nso1225 along with an oligonucleotide universal eubacterias in a PCR. Being able to specifically amplify a fragment of the 16S rDNA of the AOB development d'marked a new molecular tool that allowed detect the presence and diversity of the oxidizing bacteria ammonium natural environments. However, this technique also some sequences were obtained from non-oxidizing bacteria ammonium à subgroup of the Proteobacteria. Also, one of the drawbacks of the use of 16S rDNA as a molecular marker is the inability to detect simultaneously oxidizing ammonium belonging to subgroups and Ã? The Proteobacteria. The gene amoA, coding for the A subunit of the enzyme ammonium containing monooxygenase (AMO), was widely used as a marker for the detection of AOB in environmental samples. This paper also described the use of this marker in samples of sludge from a reactor SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor). Use of this marker allowed us to identify sequences of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the sample, but the need to detect amoA through cloning takes too long for the use of this marker as a tool in studies of microbial ecology with a multitude of samples. Moreover, some authors have pointed to obtain sequences of non-oxidizing bacteria ammonium using amoA a protocol PCR-DGGE. In order to obtain a rapid and rigorous tool to detect and identify AOB, we developed a new set of oligonucleotides with the target gene amoB, coding for the transmembrane subunit of the enzyme AMO. This gene has proven to be a good molecular marker for AOB, offering, regardless of phylogenetic affiliation, high specificity, sensitivity and reliability. This paper also presented an analysis of real-time PCR-based detection of gene amoB for quantification of gender Nitrosococcus (from? -proteobacterias). The new game allows initiators designed enumeration highly specific and sensitive for all? -Nitrosococcus Known. Finally, we conducted a study comparing and evaluating polygenic markers amoA, amoB and 16S rDNA individually and with each other, and build a combined phylogenetic tree. As a result concluímos that amoB is an appropriate marker for the detection and identification of the AOB in environmental samples, providing both 8 agrupaci 3a7 ones to make consistent phylogenetic inferences. Finally, the entire sequence of the gene 16S rDNA is indicated as a marker in studies of taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes when working with isolated AOB.

Author: Mir Arnau Gisela.
Year: 2004.
University: GIRONA.
Place of defense: Facultat de Ciències.
Place of preparation: Facultat Ciències, Universitat de Girona.

Author: OLIVERAS HUIX JORDI.
Year: 2004.
University: GIRONA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias.
Place of preparation: Universidad de Girona.

Summary: Ant invasive Linepithema humile (Mayr), also known as the Argentine ant, is a species present in the Iberian peninsula. This thesis has been studied as affected by the presence of this pest species to the community of native ants and the process of seed dispersal of Mediterranean plants. The study was conducted in an area of alcornocal and scrub steppe and heather located on the northeast peninsula, in the province of Gerona, near the Mediterranean coast line. One of the earliest and most notable effects of the invasion on our fields of study is the dramatic alteration of the community of ants, in the form of a decline in species richness and abundance of uniformity. Moreover, in areas invaded not stay any kind of ant native dispersing seed. In casua the abundance of workers of the Argentine ant in areas invaded, and its high rite of activity, this kind conducts a crawl explosive soil, which allows you to locate resources in a time less than ants native to areas not invaded. But the opening of the jaw ants community is greatly diminished in areas overrun because of the disappearance of the native species, most of the larger than ant artentina, which could limit the ability to manipulate the environment that is the community of ants in areas overrun, and could not explain the replacement of some of the roles being carried out by native species of ants before the invasion. The Argentine ant is attracted to the seeds of the nine plant species studied (2 Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia biumbellata and E. characias; 2 compound; Cirsium vulgare and Galactites tomentosa, and 5 Papilionatae Genista linifolia, G. monspessulana, G.triflora, Sarothamnus arboreus and Ulex parviflorus), reaching transported to the nest and even introduce some seeds, but always likely lower than those made by the ants are native to areas not invaded. However, their behavior before the nine species is variable, so it appears that their effect on seed dispersal can be different for each plant species. The alteration of the dispersion process does not appear that its impact on seed dispersal can be different for each plant species. The alteration of the dispersion process does not seem to alter the reproductive success of a particular species, Euphoriba characias, in areas invaded, or their recruitment, or the spatial distribution and survival of seedlings are significantly different in areas overrun in the not invaded. The disappearance of species of ants granívoras of invaded areas may affect the dynamics of seed not mirmecócoras, and the seeds of three papilioáceas (California spinosa, Psoralea bituminosa and Spartium juceum) resulted in a lower level of transportation (and probably minor predation) in areas invaded by the horminga Argentine).

Author: Semir Frappart David de.
Year: 2004.
University: POMPEU FABRA.
Place of defense: Dep. Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.
Place of preparation: Dep. de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.

Summary: CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) IS THE DISEASE AUTOSÓMICA RECESIVA MORE FREQUENT IN POPULATION CAUCASOIDE WITH A FREQUENCY OF CARRIERS FOR 1 / 25. THE MANIFESTATIONS CLINICS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT INFECTIONS CHRONIC RECURRENTES LUNG CONLLEVANDO THE DETERIORATION OF THE SAME. THESIS ON THIS WE PROPUSIMOS CORRECT IN TWO MUTACIONES GEN CFTR, RESPONSIBLE FOR CF IN THE LINE OF CELLULAR EPITELIO BRONQUIAL IB3.1 OF GENOTYPE (F508DEL/W1282X). WILL THEREFORE THROUGH CITOMETRÍA FLOW AND MICROSCOPY CONFOCAL PUSIMOS TO POINT THE INCORPORATION NOT VIRAL (PEI MEANS OF DELIVERY, GENEPORTER And CITOFECTINA) OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS MODIFIED (QUIMERAPLASTOS And OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS FOSFOROTIOATO) AND SFHR FRAGMENTS IN THESE CELLS. THE QUIMERAPLASTOS ARE OLIGONUCLÉOTIDOS QUIMÉRICOS OF RNA and DNA AND OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS FOSFOROTIOATO CONTAINING LINKS FOSFOROTIOATO TO PREVENT FURTHER DEGRADATION OF ITS LINKS FOSFODIÉSTER. BOTH ARE CAPACES OF STIMULATE THE MECHANISMS OF REPAIR INTRÍNSECOS OF CELLS TO CORRECT THE LEVEL OF DNA MUTACIONES TIMELY. THE FRAGMENTS SFHR (Small Fragment Homologous Replacement) SON OF LONGITUDE PCR FRAGMENTS OF VARIABLE WITH THE SEQUENCE OF WILD GEN TO BE INTERCAMBIAN WITH THE SEQUENCE GENÓMICAS DIANA MUTADAS BY RECOMBINACIÓN HOMÓLOGA FOR REVERTIR MUTACIONES TIMELY (CHANGES 1 NUCLEÓTIDO, INSERCIONES SMALL OR DELECIONES). FOR ESTIMATING THE PERCENTAGE OF CORRECTION GENE ADAPTAMOS THE TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTIC OF PCR-OLA TO OUR MODEL FOR UTILIZARLA AS METHODOLOGY OF QUANTIFICATION. ALSO, WE HAVE CONFIRMED THAT CELL IB3.1 HAVE THE MEANS OF REPAIR MUTACIONES TIMELY both from RT-PCR ASSETS AS A TEST FOR IN VITRO E. Coli WITH PLÁSMIDO pKsm4021 CONTAINING GEN OF RESISTANCE TO AMPICILINA AND OF GEN RESISTANCE TO KANAMICINA INACTIVADO BY A CHANGE TIMELY. THE RESULTS TO BE PUBLICARON IN THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES WE HAVE ALLOWED REMOVE THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS: CELLS IB3.1 OF EPITELIO BRONQUIAL CF SON OF COMPETENT IN RELATION TO THE SYSTEM REPAIR MMR. THE CELLULAR INCORPORATION OF QUIMERAPLASTOS, OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS MONOCADENA And FRAGMENTS SFHR IS EFFICIENT IN CELLS IB3.1. THE LÍPIDO Cation CITOFECTINA, THE POLICATIÓN PEI AND ELECTROPORACIÓN, BUT NOT THE LÍPIDO Cation GENEPORTER ARE SYSTEMS TRANSFECCIÓN EFFICIENT TO MAINSTREAM OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS MODIFIED IN THE FOCUS OF THE CELLS IB3.1. THE POLIPLEJOS OF PEI AND LIPOPLEJOS OF CITOFECTINA ARE INTERNALIZADOS BY DIFFERENT MECHANISMS BUT BOTH CASES IN THE OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS MODIFIED ARE DEGRADADOS SIGNIFICANTLY IN CELLS IB3.1. ANALYSIS GENESCAN OF ELECTROFEROGRAMAS FLUORESCENTES CONSTITUTES A SYSTEM RELIABLE, EASY, SENSITIVE AND INSURANCE FOR EVALUATING AND CUANTIFICAR DEGRADATION INTRACELULAR And EXTRACELULAR OF OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS SCORED WITH FLUORESCENCIA IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS. TECHNOLOGY PCR-OLA CONSTITUTES AN ACCURATE AND RELIABLE SYSTEM OF QUANTIFICATION OF REPAIR GENE APPLICABLE TO MODELS CELLULAR HETEROCIGOTOS. THE FRAGMENTS SFHR MAY ACT AS CEBADOR ARTEFACTUAL IN THE REACTIONS PCR AND GENERATE AN APPLIANCE THAT PLACE TO DA FALSOS POSITIVE IN THE DETECTION OF CONVERSION GENE. DESIGN IS ESSENTIAL TO CEBADORES DETECTION FOR AMENDMENT GENE OUT OF REGIONAL HOMOLOGÍA WITH THE FRAGMENTS SFHR. CORRECTION GENE MUTACIONES TIMELY MEDIADA BY QUIMERAPLASTOS, OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS MONOCADENA And FRAGMENTS SFHR IS A PROCESS INEFICIENTE IN CELLS IB3.1. NECESSARY WILL STIMULATE THE MECHANISMS ENDÓGENOS REPAIR GENE TO INCREASE THE FREQUENCY OF GENE TO REPAIR TERAPÉUTICOS LEVELS IN THESE CELLS.

Author: Casadomé Burriel Laura.
Year: 2004.
University: POMPEU FABRA.
Place of defense: Dep. Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.
Place of preparation: Dep. Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.

Author: Abril Ferrando Josep Francesc.
Year: 2004.
University: POMPEU FABRA.
Place of defense: Dep. Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.
Place of preparation: Dep. de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.

Summary: The steady increase in the number of genomic sequences, along with the increasing number of experimental techniques that are available, will obtain the complete catalog of cellular functions of different agencies, including our species. This catalog will define the basis on which to better understand the functioning of the bodies at the molecular level. At the same time, it will get more clues about the changes associated with diseases. Therefore, the raw sequence, as obtains in the massive sequencing projects, it has no value without the analysis and the subsequent endorsement of the characteristics that define these functions. This thesis presents our contribution to three aspects of the annotation of genes in eukaryotic genomes. First, the level of sequence comparison between the human genome and the mouse was carried out using a semi-automatic protocol. The program predictive gene SGP2 developed from elements of the protocol. The concept on which is based the SGP2 is that the regions of similarity obtained with the program TBLASTX, are used to increase the score exons predicted by the program geneid, thereby obtaining more accurate joint structures gene annotations. SGP2 has sufficient specificity as to validate these annotations experimentally via RT-PCR. The validation of splicing sites using the RT-PCR technique is a good example of how the combination of computational and experimental approaches produce better results than separately. It has carried out the descriptive analysis at the level of sequence obtained splicing sites on a reliable set of genes ortólogos for human, mouse, rat and chicken. We have explored the differences between level of nucleotide sites U2 and U12 for all introns ortólogos derived from these genes. It has been seen that the signs of splicing ortólogas between humans and rodents, as well as rodents, are better preserved than non ortólogas. This conservation can be explained in part to conservation basal level of introns. On the other hand, there has been greater than expected among conservation sites splicing ortólogos between mammals and chicken. The results also indicate that classes intrónicas U2 and U12 have evolved independently from the common ancestor of mammals and birds. Neither has found no convincing case of interconversion between these two classes in all introns ortólogos generated, and no case of substitution between subtypes AT-AC and GT-AG in introns U12. On the contrary, the passage of GT-AG to GC-AG, and vice versa, in introns U2 does not seem to be unusual. Finally, we have implemented a series of visualization tools to integrate annotations obtained by gene prediction programs and by comparative genomic analysis. One of these tools, gff2ps, has been used to map the human genome, the fly and mosquito malaria. The program gff2aplot and filters partners have facilitated the task of integrating sequence annotations level with the results obtained by homology search tools such as BLAST. It has also adapted the concept of comparative analysis of the pictograph sites splicing ortólogos, to the program compi.

Author: PUIGGRÒS LLAVINÉS FRANCESC.
Year: 2004.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.

Author: FERNÁNDEZ BANET JULIO.
Year: 2004.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL CLÍNICO - UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO/FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The Poliquistosis Renal Autosómica Controlling (ADPKD its initials in Spanish) is one of the most common inherited monogenic diseases. PKD1 is a gene complex with a length of 50 kb.aprox.distribuidos in i46 exons. The protein coding (poliquistina 1) contain transmembrane domains, extra e intra-celulares. To study the gene PKD1 and the protein it encodes have developed a set of computer programs. The first step was to develop a program in PERL -BioPERL to automate the analysis of the sequences of the gene PKD1 obtained from individuals suffering from ADPKD, and to record any changes found in the sequence of the gene. The second step was the integration of information obtained in a relational database. Using these programs have been able to score a total of 384 changes nucleotídicos different. There have also been able to identify new variants of sequence. For a better understanding of the role of protein poliquistina 1 has been used methods for predicting the tertiary structure of the protein. Due to the complexity of the poliquistinta 1 (36 different domains), the protein was modeled using methods "ab initio" sugiriendose at least two different functions for poquistina 1 from the structures obtained. It has been suggested that the extracellular region could play a role in cell adhesion phenomena. This assertion is supported by the structure obtained for domains PDK, which appear to be organized into "7-bladed beta-propellers" structure that has been described in several proteins with known function in bond / cell union. For transmembrane domains has been described a homology with cationic proteins that form channels which has led to suggest that the poliquistina 1 could be part of a non-specific cation channel multimeric.

Author: ALVAREZ BERMUDEZ MARIA JOSE.
Year: 2004.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA LY ODONTOLOGÍA.

Summary: The ability to detect edges in contrast, has been proposed as one of the basic mechanisms that explain the recognition of images by the visual system. Currently it is known that the visual cortical cells are sensitive to the guidance and direction of these edges and the organization of aferencias "ON" and "OFF" from geniculado to cells coroca them has been proposed as the possible origin of this sensitivity. However, the visual system is capable of recognizing images not only for the contrast of its edges. In stereograms dynamic points (RDS), the figures can be identified based solely on the disparities retinal they produce. Both types of edges (of contrast and stereo), are detected by different processes because the detection of edges in a scene visual contrast can be done through information monocular while identifying edges stereo requires the detection of disparity that is only possible through ínteracción binocular. Currently, it is known that the photoreceptor cells corocales are sensitive to differences retlnianas in many cortical areas but nothing is known about the specific mechanisms involved in their sensitivity to the orientation and direction of stereoscopic figures. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether the photoreceptor cells corocales are sensitive to the direction of movement of edges in stereo "areas V1 and V2 two monkeys awake using RDS to build dynamic bars stereoscopic used as stimulus. We found sensitivity address stereo edge in both areas. number of cells sensitive to edges contrast was greater than the number of cells sensitive to edges stereoscópicos, suggesting the need for additional processing to detect edges stereo. Preferred Management was the same for solid bars and stereoscopic suggesting mechanisms neruronales basic common for the detection of both types of stimuli. our further suggest that the detection of retinal disparity occurs primariame (lte in the area V1 along with motion detection and then 'this information is transferred to area V2. We found one (contents of sensitivity to address significant mind highest in the area V2 in the area V1 suggesting an effect amplifier. Lastly, we have not found any connection between sensitivity to the disparity and the guidance bars solid in both areas.

Author: MARTINEZ LOPEZ M. JOSÉ.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: DEPT. DE BIOQUIMICA I BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR .FARMACIA UB.

Summary: Cell migration is a major event in multiple aspects of the development of living things, however, the molecular mechanisms that guide this migration are far from known. The identification of genes involved in these processes in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, and the study of their counterparts in mammals have shown conservation through the evolution of molecules guide transduction of signals. The gene unc-53 in Caenorhabditis elegans is one of these genes has a key role in the antero-migration of a set of cell migration and its axones. In this paper we describe the cloning and functional characterization of its first murine counterpart, mouse Neuron navigator 1 (Mnav1). Mnav1 is a new gene preferentially expressed in the nervous system (SN) and the heart. The expression of Mnav1 in SN stadiums is restricted to embryonic and postnatal stages. During the development of SN stadiums is restricted to embryonic and postnatal stages. During the development of SN is restricted to neurons pstmitóticas postmigratorias and some flyways. EGFP-Mnav1 is associated with microtubules (MTs), a unique feature that has not been previously described for other family members. In addition, this partnership is especially important in the extreme + of MTs and is mediated by a new domain. In neurons, EGFP-Nnav1 is located in the growth cones, where cellular signaling pathways are activated by molecules guide and convengen in the cytoskeleton of growth cones. Finally, the silencing of their endogenous expression leads to the loss of some neurons in addressing migration suggesting the involvement Mnav1 in the mechanisms by which these processes are leading the appropriate route to its target through the developing embryo.

Author: GIMENO SORIANO ISABEL.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN ECOLÓGICA Y APLICACIONES FORESTALES.

Summary: Oxalis pes-caprae is an exotic plant species native to South Africa that has invaded Spain in the coastal regions of the peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Studies showed that this species has a greater distribution on the islands than in the neighboring mainland areas. This could be due to increased invasive potential of island populations of O. Pes-caprae respect continental populations. The effect of this species on the seed bank is a long-term, affecting only the diversity and not the wealth of plant species. The impact of the invasion of O. Pes-caprae in fields of Menorca is due to reduced crop productivity. Therefore practiced different control methods, which proved to be more effective in our study was the mechanical control as it fell by 80% coverage of O. Pes-caprae.

Author: VILLAR CHEDA BEGOÑÁ.
Year: 2004.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOQUÍMICA Y BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR.

Summary: The proliferción cell is a key activity in the central nervous system develops. The study of cell proliferation allows us to deduce development patterns common to different groups of vertebrates. At the same deviations from these common patterns to be recognized and associated with the generation of specific phenotypes. The sea lamprey belongs to the group of vertebrates existing thus retains most features of the course of the common ancestor of any vertebrate be a good model for studies of the development, structure and function of the central nervous system. Patterns reproliferación described in the central nervous system of the lamprey presents many similarities with those described in other vertebrates may differentiate regions of proliferation that is ascribed to the major regions neuroanatómicas both in the brain and in the retina. Also like other vertebrates described in the regions of proliferation defined in the lamprey can be interpreted in a context neuromérico. The pattern of proliferation present in the central nervous system of the lamprey corresponds to the pattern of early differentiation and are deeply connected with the complex life cycle that presents this kind.