PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Author: PLAZA STÉPHANIE.
Year: 2003.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.

Summary: The work seeks to explore the diversity of the human mitochondrial genome in human populations from different geographical areas that had so far been little or no study. The human population groups studied in this paper is formed by the populations of western Mediterranean, de l'sub-Saharan Africa, the island of La Reunion, and l'Asia. Each of these people belong to a different geographical environment and have experienced many different movements of populations that have adapted their genetic makeup. Analysis of different polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome has allowed the population to understand the factors, such as migration, mixing genetics, genetic drift, the effects founders, and infer the history d populations under study, the methodology includes different types of techniques adapted to the different types of polymorphisms studied. The technique was applied sequencing, the analysis of fragments and technical SNaPshot. The results have brought a new awareness of the people who have modulated the genetic diversity of large groups of people at the continental level but also at a more regional level.

Author: LÓPEZ GARCÍA PABLO.
Year: 2004.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN.

Summary: Doctoral Thesis This falls within the field of sporting performance, as it is in the analysis of actions in driving a sport as is the Handball is to deepen the understanding of the factors that affect performance in the sport, focusing on study in the identification and analysis of biomechanical parameters related to the launch jump distance in handball, from an experimental design. This work is part of a line of investigation, which began more than 20 years ago in the Sports Biomechanics Laboratory at the University of Grenada, focusing on the biomechanical analysis of different sports gestures, both in individual sports and adversary as a collective. This dissertation deepens in a gesture known as is the launch in jump distance in handball, from the perspective of the Sports Biomechanics and from the methodology comment. This would have used two techniques of analysis on the one hand, Systematic observation techniques to assess the displacement and previous actions, and on the other, have been used techniques fotogramétricas dimensional based on the filming of sporting gesture with video being processed the gesture with a software that follows the usual pattern in the biomechanical analysis (scanning, interpolation temporary synching, three-dimensional reconstruction and results). The gesture has been executed analyzed by simulating the actual situation through a protocol decided in a previous study, with the added factor of the opposition opponent's field, obtaining various kinematic and dynamic parameters which have enabled an accurate study of the efficacy parameters implicit in implementing the gesture, as well as the impact of the variable opposition.

Author: Mayo de las Casas Clara de la Caridad.
Year: 2004.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: Dep. Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.
Place of preparation: Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.

Summary: The cell line HT-29 M6 is a line tumor derived from human colon adenocarcinoma, with the ability to differentiate in vitro to a phenotype mucosecretor obtained by selection with 10-7 My 10-6 M methotrexate, in successive treatments, the parental line undifferentiated HT-29 (Lesuffleur T, et al, 1990). We use this cell line as a model for studying the process of in vitro differentiation occurs spontaneously during growth towards confluence. The results presented in this study provide solid evidence about the role of extracellular calcium modulator as not only the epitelialización but also cell cycle and gene expression during differentiation in vitro. Although there may be more than one mechanism by which the extracellular calcium is responsible for the observed effects, the results are consistent with the requirement of contacts accession to the epithelial differentiation. Furthermore, the results suggest that regulators of the cell cycle, specifically ciclina D1, p27, play a decisive role in controlling gene expression program during differentiation. This result is very important because: (1) its role seems to take place across the board on the program of gene expression, and (2) to be these proteins involved in tumor progression, its mechanism of action is emerging as a target for manipulation the phenotype of cell differentiation and thereby tumorigenicidad. Moreover, we find that part of the process of in vitro differentiation is independent of the formation of contacts accession and the epitelialización specifically baseline gene expression associated with differentiation and the production of mucus vesicles. Also, in terms of non-adherence of cells, the cells do not acquire invasive capacity, which we are indicating that the desdiferenciación cellular observed in tumors and invasive capacity of the acquisition could take place by separate paths. Finally, we have obtained preliminary evidence about the existence of a way of regulating APC on p21CIP1 whose inactivation might be related to the reversibility of the program of differentiation in vitro and with his inability to complete a program of terminal differentiation.

Author: Valderas Martínez José María.
Year: 2004.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: Dep. de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.
Place of preparation: Dep. de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud.

Summary: To assess the impact on the health care of routine use of measures of HRQL and the provision of information to health professionals in general and specifically for the Visual Function Index VF-14, a measure of perceived visual function for patients with cataracts. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials evaluating interventions consisting in providing information (feedback) on HRQOL health professionals was developed a method for interpreting scores based on Item Response Theory (Analysis for Rasch) and applied to the index VF-14. We designed a study in which antes visual function was measured in 833 patients with cataracts who came in a row to queries from 19 ophthalmologists in hospitals and primary care, public and private five Catalan cities. Results: In the systematic review and metanálsis changes were observed in the diagnosis (combined OR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.28, 2.83]), but not in therapy (combined OR = 1.15, CI 95% [0.76, 1.75]). The tools developed for the interpretation VF-14 demonstrated a sufficient match between the predicted and observed responses. The study intervention antes, the regression coefficient adjusted score in the index VF14 increased significantly after laintervención as a predictor of the assessment made by the ophthalmologist (beta coefficient: control 0.10 vs. intervention 0.35, p <0.05). The intervention did not increase the adequacy of medical decision (OR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.42, 2.69]) or modified satisfaction with care sanitaria.Conclusiones: The results of the systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that managing information on HRQOL and perceived health to health professionals could modify some components of the process of health care, but not their outcome. The characteristics of the studies reviewed, particularly the great variability observed in their design, advised to conduct further studies to draw inferences more robust. Comparable results would apply to the Visual Function Index VF-14, with modifications in the process of health care, but not in its outcome. Some limitations of the study are recommended to undertake additional studies that reproduce the observations made.

Author: SÁNCHEZ GONZALES HADA MILUSKA.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE PERIODISMO II.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE COMUNICACIÓN.

Summary: The investigation is located within a transdisciplinary field, it implies recognition of the systemic application of the movements in Journalism from the Social Sciences. We refer to the "General Theory of social systems" Nlkas Luhmann as a theoretical basis for applying the "Theory of polisistemas" Itmar Even Zohar. Proposal methodology that will lead us to conceptualize Journalism moving through the "interpretation" of the emotive elements within the science of Journalism, which is consolidated as a stage according to the needs of gracious audience. This is an activism characterized by its rules briefings, which are limited to "hybrid journalistic thinking" by means of information and entertainment and realida and fiction, both with spectacular elements through the emotional. Makes use of a language and paradigm códico. The latter was organized in an area representative with autonomy in relation to the dialect.

Author: FERNÁNDEZ DOMÍNGUEZ EVA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA. UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA. UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA..

Summary: The origins of the genetic diversity of Europe has been a controversial issue, addressed from various disciplines. It was lowered two points of origin of this diversity: Nedítico and Palaeolithic. We studied samples from deposits of Práximo Middle Neolithic and Paleolithic, neoliticos and post-Nedíticos of the Iberian Peninsula. The results show that from the Neolithic there has been a change in the constitution of the peoples of Near East and the Peninsula. The Irnajes mitochondrial currently present in Europe could have been brought by the people nerlíticas in a wave démica expansion.

Author: ARNIGES GÓMEZ MARIA TERESA.
Year: 2005.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTOS DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.

Summary: This thesis has dealt with the study of molecular and functional channel TRPV4 in epithelial cells demonstrating their involvement in cellular processes induced / modulated by physical stimuli such as RVD and regulating the frequency of ciliary beaten along with other structural elements such as the importance of domains ANL (present at the N-terminal end of this intracellular protein) in the oligomerización of these channels, through the identification and characterization of new variants of alternative splicing.

Author: MORENO ROMERO SUSANA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA, UCM.

Summary: The overall objective of this thesis is to investigate the ecological relationships between the physical condition of human groups and the environment in which they operate, deepening role in the regulation of the environment during the process of growth and development in childhood and youth. This study two situations are representative of the classical models for the study of the mechanisms of morfofisiológica adaptation to the environment. On the one hand, a Mexican immigrant community countryside and on the other three communities Argentine geographically close but settled at levels different heights. The Mexican population analyzed corresponds to the popular Lomas colony of the ranch, located on the outskirts of Mexico City. This is one of the settlements by migrants from rural background, from the most depressed state of the republic of Mexico, come to the city looking for an improvement in their quality of life. The sample consists of 2120 schoolchildren of both sexes aged between 3 and 20 years. The Argentine communities are analyzed in the province of Jujuy, in the north-west corner of the Republic. We studied a population in height, located in the Puna jujeña and two in the provincial capital (San Salvador de Jujuy), located 1259 meters above sea level, differed socioeconomic level. As an indication of high altitude were considered 435 schoolchildren between 6 and 19 years, attending the only two schools in the town of Susques, with 1140 inhabitants is located at 3675 msnn As an indication of lower altitudes and low NSE were measured 1324 schoolchildren aged between 6 and 18 years of college Divine Redeemer, located in the suburb of High feeder. The NSE high sample of 396 subjects between 6 and 15 years, is made up of students from CEJH, one of the few private schools in the capital. METHODOLOGY Using the technique anthropometric took 13 direct action from which were obtained various indirect measures and indices and analyzed the nutritional composition total body and mesobraquial and somatotype. We calculated the age of menarche by the method probítico of the population of height and the lower socio-economic level and high altitude. It was found descriptive statistics and conducted ANOVAS and ANCOVAS to determine the degree of statistical significance of the changes ontogénicos, sexual dimorphism and differences interpoblacionales. The nutritional status was assessed based on standards published by Frisancho (1990) and the criteria established by Cole et al. (2000) for the esteem of overweight and obesity.

Author: BARRIGA BERNAL JAVIER CAMILO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: It has conducted a survey and faunal ecological spiders floor of the National Park and its environs Cabañeros (Ciudad Real, Spain). Of the 105 species identified, 61 (64.05%) were new appointments to the province of Ciudad Real. Of the 70 genera identified, 32 (45.71%) were new appointments to the province of Ciudad Real. Of the 24 families identified, 3 (12.5%) were new appointments to the province of Ciudad Real. Among the 105 species identified, 13 of which are endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 11 species of all identified at the level of gender, represent species new to science, belonging to two families and 5 genera. We reported for the province of Ciudad Real, a total of 35 families, which include 124 genera and 200 species. Of these species, 21 (10%) are considered endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. At the regional and local level (at different spatial scales) area within a highly heterogeneous and with a high degree of human intervention, modelomás adjusted to the accumulation curve with spiders collected pitfall is the Weibull. Spiders soil, in our study area, show preferences for the kind of lives and are conditioned by the structure of the vegetation and seasonality. La Dehesa dominated by scrub is the lives that presents a better position to land spiders, demonstrating a high degree of heterogeneity. It presents the greatest wealth and the largest number of endemic species of spiders soil. It is a heterogeneous live without dominance of any kind, which is evidenced by the presence of organisms that are distributed selectively specialists in the various environments within it. The three types of Dehesa have many common species. The similarity maximum (100%) occurs between crop and pasture, which in turn shared with close to 80% similarity to the bush. There is a similarity in composition and structure between the cultivation, the scrublands during the autumn and Pastizal throughout sampling. This could be because the crop is colonized by species from Parkland surrounding it. The Mediterranean forest has the highest percentage in Iberian and endemic species unique. Uses Forest Natural Mediterranean scrublands dominate C.ladanifer have a high similarity between species of spiders soil, despite their geographic remoteness. They are located in the protected area where it is not carried out any type of operation and are very similar in terms of their structure plant. The community of soil spiders have a greater similarity in the uses to which it is carried out some kind of handling and closeness. We can see a clear similarity between the agro-pastoral-forestry uses of the system (with Mediterranean scrublands dominate C.ladanifer and L.stoechas, grazing and cultivation rotancional) that share more than 90% of the species and, in turn, share a close 70% of its araneofauna soil with Raña and rainfed cultivation, as well as a 40% to fallow, uses colidantes each other and away from the past. The high similarity between crops and pasture may be due to the geographical proximity between them and structural similarity there during part of the sampling period. In terms of habitat and the type of land use.

Author: PERA BAJO FRANCISCO JAVIER.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE TOXICOLOGÍA Y LEGISLACIÓN SANITARIA.

Summary: Review reports traumatólogo the clinic médico-forense Madrid and prospective study in new cases, to determine time of evolving relationship with injuries and other parameters.

Author: ARESTI GOIRIENA UNAI.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CIENCIAS UNVIERSIDAD PAÍS VASCO.

Summary: The two main factors affecting the evolution of the genetic structure of human populations are: 1 - The gene flow, 2 - "The inbreeding," ie, the incidence and nature of married couples with genetic relationship. The work presented here examines, in essence, the feature of genetic kinship of Guipuzcoa, a territory geographically located in the heart of Basque Area, with a native population endowed with strong and deeply rooted social and cultural characteristics, but faced from the first years of the twentieth century, the effects of the sensitive demographic changes that the province recorded as a result of its intensive industrialization. They have analyzed the structure and evolution of inbreeding in the province of Guipuzcoa from the year 1862 until the year 1995, and has assessed the impact of industrialization on the marital structure. This study has been prepared on the basis of information contained in the church waivers, document indispensable for the holding of religious marriage between relatives, located in the Archives Church. We have analyzed the frequency, type and secular variations of different consanguineous marriages, and has made a comparative study with other peoples of the peninsula, Europe and other continents. From these data have been compiled the two main variables Descriptive of inbreeding: Inbreeding ratio and rate Consangunidad which have been analyzed and compared the same way. We also have studied the intrinsic characteristics of marriages, and their interrelationships, such as age at marriage, multiple marriages, variable aovilladas to movements of marital spouses, the geographical origin of the spouses and variations microgeográficas all these variables.

Author: Jordana Comin Xavier.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Biociencias.
Place of preparation: Unidad Antropologia Biologica, Dept. BABVE, UAB.

Summary: The investigation developed in this thesis is focused on the bioanthropologic study of a community buried in a relevant religious site, the Monumental Complex of Sant Pere Churches (Terrassa, Barcelona province), during a large period of time that ranges from the 4th to the 13th century. This Romanic complex descends from a large Episcopal cathedral from the 6th century, belonging to the Egara bishop during the Visigoth period. According to the historical records, after the Muslim incursions in the 8th century, the complex lost the Episcopal functionality. Moreover, the place name of Ègara disappeared in favour of current's Terrassa. This suggests an abandonment of the complex at both monumental and population level. Taking into account the facts previously exposed, the study of the burials from this complex will allow the establishment of its evolution, from the origins of the Episcopal cathedral until the establishment of the parish complex and the origin of Terrassa, of the community related to Sant Pere's Churches. Our main goals consisted on characterizing and establishing its evolution: 1) of its necropolis, concerning its biological aspects, rituals, and historical context; and 2) of its population, in relation to demographic aspects, its intra and inter-population's biological relationships, and life style and health, considering the historical facts related to the Muslim invasions as a possible inflection point at biological, social and cultural level. The material used in this study consisted of the human skeletal remains exhumed from 143 graves from the Monumental Complex of the Sant Pere Churches, during the archaeological interventions undertaken from 1995 to 2003. The methodology was based in the morphological analysis of the skeletal remains using the classical methods applied in the paleoanthropological studies. Moreover, statistical techniques were implemented to process and analyse the data. Presentation and discussion of results was organized in four chapters directed to answer the objectives. The first chapter -Sample, Context and Taphonomy- put forward the analysis of the composition and structure of the skeletal sample, as well as it evolution in relation with the funerary context and the taphonomic aspects. The second chapter -Paleodemography: study of the populational biodynamic- consisted of an estimation of demographic parameters using paleodemographic techniques. The third chapter -Skeletal morphology- was centred in the analysis of its intra and inter-population phenotypic variation. Finally, in the fourth chapter -Paleopathology and paleoepidemiology- were described those pathologic processes that affected the population and that can be detected in the skeletal remains.Obtained results allowed to conclude that:1) The remains recovered from the 143 graves represented a minimum of 208 inhumations with an age and sex structure representative of the demographic profiles of human populations; the ritual is characterized by the presence of common signs in Christian necropolis; changes in age and sex structure of the burials, related to functionality of religious buildings and to he historical context of the complex, were observed. 2) The site's population is characterized by a demographic profile typical of preindustrial societies; the phenotypic variability is in association with the variability of the autochthonous populations; the majority of the pathological skeletal changes have a traumatic and degenerative aetiology related to the activity and age of the individuals; the prevalence of oral pathology are similar to those observed in other medieval archaeological series; unspecific skeletal markers and population's demographic indicators point out a social and health conditions more favourable than those of other contemporary autochthonous communities; gender differences are determined by the highest levels of mortality, the smallest skeletal robustness and the smallest prevalence of 8 pathogen 4fb ic alterations in feminine individuals; concerning the population evolution, a continuity was observed in both the dynamics an the population genetic substrate, what suggests a reduced impact at the population level of the historical facts related to the Muslim incursions of the 8th century; however, the results indicate major social and biological differences in the population of the 4th - 8th century in comparison to the population of the 9th to 13th century, as well as changes between the two periods in its activity pattern and its epidemiological and nutritional aspects.