MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Author: TORRES LAURA MARÍA.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA DPTO. DE ANTROPOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA.

Summary: This research work is progressing on an analysis of the conditions of violence that occur inside a psychiatric institution. In this context and taking issue as a case study to a hostpial psychiatric Argentina, the thesis was asked in particular for the practical conditions of violence and speeches that are put in place, when these contradictory spaces in which combines "cure" and "encierro" are / face various ethnic groups. In this sense, he realizes the history of the institution is taken as a case study examines the emerging actors in it as well as the struggles and tensions that characterized documenting conditions, situations and violent speeches emerging in the intramural and finally and in the framework of analysis that these developments foreshadow, he examines the case of patients Bolivians who are institutionalized.

Author: MOSCOSO ARIZA ÓSCAR HERNÁN.
Year: 2005.
University: PABLO DE OLAVIDE [www.upo.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: In this thesis were evaluated groups of 10 individuals with drug injections serotonin agonists and antagonists, KETANSERIN, NAN190, WAY100635 antagonists and 8-OH-DPTA, BUSPIRONE and IPSAPIRONE as agonists, compared with a sample of 10 individuals with saline that oficiaba as CONTROL. The results in the activities of mobility (number of routes quadrants per unit time) samples with antagonist drugs showed no significant difference with control. Samples with drug agonists 8-OH-DPTA and BUSPIRONE showed an increase thereof, the other drug agonists (IPSAPIRONE) no influence. The behavior stand on the hind legs with injections antagonists samples showed no change in this behavior in relation to its control, while the sample with BUSPIRONE showed effects on behavior. The behavior of acicalarse, samples with antagonists KETANSERIN and WAY100635 increased this behavior as compared with their control, while the NAN190 unchanged. With respect to samples with drug agonists had no difference with the control sample. Finally, the behavior of the three samples remain paralyzed with drugs antagonists suffered modification with respect to the control sample, being significantly lower in reference to the samples subjected to drug agonists compared to the sample CONTROL no significant difference. In general, indicated that the serotonin as a neurotransmitter involved or as neuromodulador in these behaviors, increasing the number of times individuals acicalan but decreasing behavior paralysis when there is inhibiting receptors such as the effect produced by drugs antagonists. In learning activities under the same parameters of evaluation results, in general, showed that the samples subjected to injections of serotonin antagonist showed a significant decrease as compared with the control in the paradigms RF1, RF10, RV11 and IV10. In turn, the samples subjected to injections of drugs agonists showed a greater and meaningful performance, compared with the control sample, in the paradigms of IF8, RV11 and IV10. It is worth noting that within the range of drugs between the agonists and antagonists there are differences with respect to control which could indicate that some receptors excited to be blocked or have more commitment to the learning tools than others.

Author: TRONCOSO JULIETA.
Year: 2005.
University: PABLO DE OLAVIDE [www.upo.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: Although it is known that the primary motor cortex commands body movements, yet it is not known precisely how exercise this control. In this work, we studied the involvement of the primary motor cortex during motor learning in the system sensitivo-motor of vibrisas in mice. In a first phase, evaluated the plasticity of this system through paradigms of classical conditioning trace. The acquisition of protracción subject of vibrisas was obtained using as unconditioned stimulus (EI) an electric shock intense in the patch vibrisas and as a stimulus conditioning (EC) either an electric shock to the weak patch vibrisas (vV paradigm), or a tone biauricular (tV paradigm). Both paradigms were effective for the acquisition of conditioned responses of protracción of vibrisas. In the second phase, assessed the involvement of the motor cortex in acquiring protracción subject of vibrisas using the paradigm tV. With chronically implanted electrodes in the primary motor cortex of the vibrisas activity was recorded neuronal population during conditioning. During the interval EC-EI occurred potential population in the primary motor cortex whose amplitude increased during the motor learning. That increase above and predicts generation conditioned responses in vibrisas, indicating that the primary motor cortex is actively involved in the motor learning by classical conditioning. These events are potential timing of the primary motor cortex and are associated with greater likelihood of firing of pyramidal neurons in the cortex and contraction of the intrinsic muscles of the vibrisas. The technical simplicity, the quality of records and the importance of the system sensitivo-motor of vibrisas for active exploration of the environment, make this model is suitable to study the involvement of the primary motor cortex in the control of voluntary movements.

Author: TRABAZO CARLOS ROCA RAFAEL.
Year: 2006.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO BIOQUIMICA.
Place of preparation: HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO CENTRAL DE ASTURIAS.

Summary: This is an epidemiological study cross descriptive in nature, initiated in the year 2003, to hear the point prevalence of carriers nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) in healthy children, in the field of 23 nurseries, in the urban area of Oviedo ( Asturias, Spain), during 2004 and 2005. The recent introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine heptavalente (PCV7) and its impact on the spread of strains resistant to the effect of antimicrobials, are presented as main interest in the current state of knowledge. Objectives: To determine the rates carriers, and the risk factors associated with pneumococcal colonization. Identify the capsular serotypes of isolates, as well as patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Assessing the impact of the introduction of the vaccine on colonization. Define the epidemiological link (serotypes, antibiotipos, clones) at the centers, and the isolates home clínicos.Métodos: It includes 1,040 boys and girls, from one to four years, involving prior informed consent of their parents, obtaining sample oropharyngeal each individual. Likewise was collected by questionnaire, demographic and clinical information of each participant (age, sex, consumption of antimicrobial episodes of otitis media and sinusitis, vaccination status). The field work was conducted during the winter months. The samples were analyzed for the identification and isolation of strains of S. Pneumoniae, and frozen half of proper maintenance. The isolates were subjected to an analysis of resistance to antibiotics (penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, among others), by microdilution and criteria of NCCLS, and the characterization by serotype capsular reaction Quellung; characterization techniques clonal by PFGE. Statistical Analysis: chi-square test, defining Odds ratios and confidence intervals to 95%. Result: It is an overall rate of 34.5% of carriers, at least 360 isolates were recovered. The distribution of serotypes indicated that the most frequent are 6A (21.3%), 19F (20.6%), 6B (14.0%), 23F (6.5%), 23A (5.6%) and 11 (5.3%). We identified five clones epidemic. The effect of the vaccine significantly reduces the rate of colonization, whereas consumption after antibiotics appears to induce a higher prevalence of resistant strains. These results are similar and comparable to the methodology followed, with the data obtained in similar studies in other geographical areas, both to the rate of carriers to serotypes more frequent. It is concluded that the application of the vaccine heptavalente coupled with a more rational administration of antibiotics, it is necessary to control the spread of resistant strains in the pediatric population. Keywords: Carriers, Pneumococcus, Nursery rate of colonization, serotypes, Antibiotics, Vaccine Heptavalente.