MEDICAL PHYSICS

Author: MORENO SASTOQUE JUAN CAMILO.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: E.T.S. ING. INDUSTRIALES.
Place of preparation: E.T.S. ING. INDUSTRIALES.

Summary: This thesis has been developed under the project European GAIT. GAIT The project was developed with the principal objective of validating the concept of compensation and functional assessment of progress through pathological brace lower limb. To achieve this objective has been defined a work methodology based on a detailed overview of the state of the art of literature as compensation for ongoing pathological. This review critically examines the shortcomings in the area of ambulatory aids to assist disorders of running and lays the foundation for the future development of the work presented in this thesis memory. The work of this thesis attempts to fill these gaps. The main contributions of this work are presented in summary form in the following points: 1) Submission of an overhaul descriptive of the state of the art techniques to compensate for the movement from which identifies needs and technological challenges prioritizing aspects of the user, such as portability, aesthetics and ease of use. 2) study the kinematics of the lower limb to measure 2D and 3D. Analysis of the feasibility of estimating biomechanical variables and events of the march so as to control monitoring with exoesqueletos. 3) Presentation of the design and development of an external skeleton of the lower limb. We present the design of system performance biomimético for knee and ankle joints, according to the characterization of system operation skeletal muscle during normal operation. Presentation of the analysis and definition of a system of control and ambulatory monitoring exoskeletons of lower limb and the design and development of units of measurement of the movement of the segments of the lower limb, based on a configuration of gyroscopes and accelerometers 4) Proposal for a system watch with exoesqueletos for clinical application. We experimentally evaluated by statistical analysis and detection of different activities (sit down, stand up, go up or down stairs and ramps, and walk on flat ground) through two methods of signal processing, which are based on differentiation through two indexes and discriminant pose and studying methods of detection and discrimination activities cyclical activities with dynamic and static exoskeletons. Discusses the ability to distinguish movements and positions and the potential of these methods in different applications related to other ambulatory aids. Presentation of the analysis of the response of the driver selected before changes in speed in healthy subjects, and introduction of adjustment mechanisms cycle to cycle, as a security measure before failures during the march. It presents an analysis of the fuzzy logic as technical definition of models and rules of inference. Making a comparison of three different computational techniques for identifying fuzzy models. 6) Presentation of the evaluation of strategies to compensate for motion raised in this thesis with experimental tests developed two versions of exoskeletons, integrating all the systems described previously. Proposal for a protocol by which assesses compensation functional way in 2 patients with syndrome postpolio. The monitoring system developed is used as a method of measurement and objectiveness of the measures. Analytical methods of progress show significant improvements in the pattern obtained in the two subjects by applying compensation running with and 8 l exoesq 54b ueleto outpatient presented in this thesis. It presents a critical analysis of the immediate impact on the empowerment and improvement of the motion with the brace, concluding the promising results and the definition of the foundations for future work in developing exoesqueletos assistance to the ongoing pathological. 8) Defining constraints, requirements and milestones in the field of robotics for ambulatory robotic devices for compensation running overcome status exoesqueletos laboratory. 10) Transfer technology part of the knowledge generated in the context of the thesis to private enterprise. This transfer has led to human movement sensors.