CELL BIOLOGY (2)

Author: MORENO GARCÍA NEREA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: In this thesis work has been carried out the study of the origin and organization of regions prosencefálicas in amphibians Anura, with a special interest in the region amigdalina.Esta regionalization prosencefálica has llebado out on the basis of the expression of various factors transcript, which proved key in the development of certain structures and in the maintenance of specific phenotypes in adults and análisi details of the organization hodológica and neurochemistry of the complex amigdalino.De this way has proved the existence of structures amigdalinas in similar Anura those of amniotas, showing origin, organization and hodología comparable, which leads us to postulate the existence of a basic pattern of organization tonsillar in vertebrates amniotas and anamnios, supporting the idea as tonsillar complex structure histogenéticamente heterogeneous moon, with components paleales and subpaleales, composed of various functional subsystems that are part of an integrated system highly conserved in evolution.

Author: RODRÍGUEZ VILARIÑO VICTORIA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: In cells politenizadas, like those of the salivary glands of larvae Chironomus, the amplified DNA is forming chromosomes politénicos, as a result of amplification side of the sister chromatids that are held together over successive rounds of replicación.Los ribosomal genes It is also amplified its activity and gives luggar the nucleolus phonation of a giant, the so-called "Cell Nucleolus polytechnic '(RSC), which can reach a diameter of 10-15 um.Hemos used the advantages of this model for biological study some basic aspects of the organization of the NCP, helping to clarify outstanding issues on the functional organization of the nucleolus. At the ultrastructural level, the NCP appeared composed solely for dense fibrillary component (CFD) and granular component (CG). Not have been identified in these centers fibrillary nucleoli (CFs). However, CFs it is still present in nueclolos cell polytechnic is not the same nerve individuo.La absence of CFs in the NCP could be related to the levels and distribution of the structural proteins of the nucleolus, which could be a specific feature of cell type. Alternatively, it could be the result of the high activity of NCP.Sin however, CFs also appeared in the NCP following treatment with cicloheximida (CHM), which inhibits transcription nucleolar.El treatment with the drug resulted in a reorganization or segregation inthe structural components the NCP, so that the CFC is situated in the areas surrounding the chromosome and CG in the periphery. The confocal microscope and the scanning electron microscope we studied the distribution of DNA in the NCP.El DNA intranucleolar noted widespread in the CFD, in the form of chromatin descondensada. Organization DNA is very dynamic and that after treatment with CHM there is a strong condensation and retraction of chromatin nucleolar.El use of in situ hybridization with fluorescent markers (FISH) has made it possible to locate specific RDNA, whose distribution was observed targeted, ie concentrated in small accumulations distributed irregularly, the emerging fiber dispersas.Además through an experiment in vitro transcription have localized sites CFD where the transcripción.El pattern in situ of the trnascripción nucleolar appeared too focused on the same forma.Estos pockets have the same meaning functional that CFs in cells that have, so that the non-existence of CFs does not entail a change in the pattern of structural organization of RDNA and transcription in the nucleus. Moreover, it has been carried out inmunodetección of fibrilarina and nucleolina, two proteins involved in the processing of pre-RNDA.Ambas proteins were localized in the CFD, but the location of both, we note that there are areas where only located the fibrilarina, areas where only located the nucleolina and were localized areas where the two proteins simultáneamente.Aunque ultraestructuralmente the CFD appears as a component homógeneo, its molecular composition and its functional organization show that is heterogeneous. Treatment with CHM inhibitor of the transcription, resulting in the emergence in areas of active transcription, both in the chromosome as free in nucleoplasma, spherical structures in nature fibrillary called droplets.Los experiments inmunocitoquímicos helped locate them nucleolar proteins as the fibrilarina and nucleolina, but did not appear signal DNA.El origin of these structures could be a segregation and microfragmentación of CFD, formed aggregations nucleoplásmicas of nucleolar proteins, which can not be transported to the nucleus where transcription of genes RRNA is altered. Finally, it has addressed the issue of involvement of nucleus in other cellular functions other than the synthesis of ribosomas.En Specifically, we studied the nucleolar localization of a protein unrelated to the biogenesis of ribosomes, reverse transcriptase (rt) through one 8 nticuerp 455 or obtained against a recombinant protein containing reasons for this enzyme phylogenetically conservados.La presence of this enzyme is related to the strategy of maintaining the telomeres in Dípteros.Sorprendentemente, reverse transcriptase appeared located in the NCP, possibly in connection with the regulatory mechanisms of enzyme activity. From our results we can conclude that, despite the nucleolar organizer (NOR) originates from the NCP side as the addition of multiple copies of the original NOR, the nucleus is functionally organized as a single entity and not as integrated and mere and uxtaposición the activity of multiple NORs.

Author: BENAHMED DALILA.
Year: 2004.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA - UNIVERSITAT DE VALÈNCIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The work focused on comparing two methods of diagnosis. We have studied 36 patients and 23 healthy controls. Crops have been conducted peripheral blood mononuclear cells from one part and have compared its activation and stimulation method coloremétrico with WsT1y by the extent of DNA iodine propidio. Furthermore we studied activation of the Basófilos through CD203 after stimulate Alergeno pollen of Parietaria. Results: In the case of cell proliferation stimulation with the allergen-peer (5mg/ml) there has been no significant statistical difference to the control group in the two methods, but there is a statistical difference in the case of secretion of cytokines, throughout the IL5 and IL-13 which are two cytokines that marked the response to TH2. In the case of PHA (5mg/ml) there was no statistical difference in the two cases (patients and control group), except in IL5 offered a statistical difference much lower. In the case of activation of the Basófilo, has noticed a big difference between the patient group and control group with a very large statistical difference.

Author: GONZÁLEZ GONZÁLEZ EMILIO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: The spermatogenesis is the process of terminal differentiation that leads to the formation of sperm. In the male germ line, the spermatogonial proliferate and differentiate to other epithelial cell types in the seminiferous tubules of the testis: spermatocytes, espermátidas and sperm. The process is coordinated by the somatic component of the seminiferous epithelium: Sertoli cells. In this paper, we evaluated the silencing of gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi), in different cell types of seminiferous epithelium of the mouse (Mus musculus). In silencing by RNAi, RNA molecules double chain are able to promote post-suppression of a target gene for complementary sequence. In cells in the seminiferous epithelium of transgenic mice expressing the gene Egfp were introduced DNA vectors that allow the expression of small RNAs, can become RNAs double chain fork (shRNAs), with the potential to guide specific silencing of gene Egfp. The vector transfection of cells in the seminiferous epithelium was carried out in vivo using electroporation per square wave, and in vitro by lipofección. In both cases analyzed the efficiency of transfection of the vector used and the efficiency of silence. Also, in this work has been carried out characterization, using the technique of Real Time RT-PCR, the expression of genes Drosha, Dicer and Aug 1-4; genes encoding proteins involved in the process of interference RNA. The study was conducted comparatively assessing the levels of gene expression during the postnatal development of the testis, in the cells of the epithelium seminifero and isolated in different adult somatic tissues. The results obtained in this Doctoral Thesis show that, using the methodology of transfection in vivo testes of adult mice, Sertoli cells were transfected preferably in the seminiferous epithelium. Furthermore, the results show that it is possible to silence endogenous genes in Sertoli cells by RNA interference in vivo and in vitro. On the other hand, it shows that the six genes studied show different levels of expression in the tissues analyzed: staying corregulados genes Drosha, Dicer, Aug 2 and 3, while the gene Aug 1 is expressed predominantly in the spleen and Aug 4 at the testicle. The expression of these genes is regulated during development testicular until adulthood, at which time Dicer and Aug 2 are expressed mostly in Sertoli cells, and Drosha, Aug 3 and Aug 4 did so in the germ line.

Author: ALONSO MARTINEZ ANA M..
Year: 2004.
University: VIGO [www.uvigo.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BILOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: * Structural and ultrastructural study of the espermatogenesis in mytilus gallu provincial. * Studying the pathology found: Neoplasia gondal in the germ cells of males and their relationship with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAs). At the same time explores the beginning of the steroid route with markers anti-P450SCC and anti-CYP1A. The CYP1A is related to the steroid route and the presence of xenobioticos. Therefore it is an important marker for pollution on marine organisms.

Author: ESCOBEDO LUCEA Ma. CARMEN.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: INSTITUTO VALENCIANO DE INFERTILIDAD - I.V.I..
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA E INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO IVI.

Summary: The objective of our work is focused on obtaining new lines of hESC and keep growing in the absence of SBF, to bring their conditions to the requirements for use in clinical, avoiding exposure to animal products. The innovative aspect of this work is that, in addition to the work of deriviación has been used to support a crop of human origin (placenta). The characterization analysis have also been very thorough. Currently, there are only three other lines hESC in the world which have been derived under the same conditions as ours, and they were all subsequently derived.

Author: CASAFONT PARRA IÑIGO.
Year: 2005.
University: CANTABRIA [www.unican.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: We present a study of the organization and dynamics of the compartments of the cell nucleus of neurons in the glanglio of the rat trigeminal during differentiation and in mature neurons. The study was conducted using immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, confocal laser microscopy, testing transcription with 5-fluorouridina, microscopy electróica and registration electrofisilógico. Studies on the location of the sites of transcription in vivo, demonstrate the incorporation of 5'-FU in the nascent RNA occurs in the nucleolus fibrillary component and pockets of transcription extranuecleolares, corresponding to the fibrils pericromátinicas, and excludes Cajal bodies, the areas of factors' splicing 'and domains heterocromatina. The validity and specificity of this assay was confirmed in experiments with the inhibitor transcriptional actinomicina D. Differentiation pre - and postnatal neurons of the nucleus was accompanied by increase in neuronal size, a decrease in the average number of nucleoli, mediente a merger nucleolar mechanism, and increased the number of bodies of Cajal. These changes were most pronounced in the first week and postnatal neurons larger. Also associated with a reorganization of the substance of Niss and proliferation of units dictiosómicas Golgi. The reorganization of the nuclear compartments in the first postnatal week was accompanied also by a large increase in the speed of conducting fibers of the trigeminal nerve. This study provides a strong correlation between the maturation of nuclear compartments and the increase in transcriptional activity required to maintain bioeléctrica and synaptic activity of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of.

Author: AGUASCA I MARSÁ MARTA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The objective of this thesis was to deepen the study of the involvement of the protein p27kip1 in the progression of cell and cancer, given the correlation of levels celulars low of this protein with the development of different types of human cancer and a bad prognosis of patients. Three goals were raised for the development of this project: 1-Identification of novel proteins d interaction with p27kip1. Through affinity chromatographic techniques identified approximately 20 new proteins binding to p27kip1. The results allow us to engage p27kip1 in cellular processes such as signal transduction, metabolism, chromatin remodeling, cell migration, transcription and splicing differential. 2-functional characterization of new interactions p27kip1 one of the protein was identified histone acetyl transferase PCAF. First through affinity chromatography techniques and inmunoprecipitación note that p27kip1 interaccionaba a directly with the catalytic domain of PACAF. Also, through in vitro tests acetylation note that PCAF acetilaba p27kip1 for specifics. Thanks to the use of techniques of RNA interference and inmunoprecipitación and Western Blot, that p27kip1 was acetilada by PCAF in vivo. After generating different fragments and mutants not acetilables of p27kip1 by techniques of molecular biology and acetylation test, we demonstrated that PCAF acetilaba residue lysine K100 of p27kip1. By Western blot techniques and sobrexpresión of PCAF cells HCT116 and NOH3T3, we note that the acetylation of p27kip1 by PCAF induced the decrease in protein levels of p27kip1 causing its degradation via the proteasome. Thanks to the use of techniques of RNA interference demonstrated that the degradation of p27kip1 acetilada was independent of the ubiquitin ligasa 2kp2. 3-Relate new role with the cell cycle and cancer. By synchronizing cells HCT116 and NIH3T3, show as acetylation of p27kip1 occurs during G1 cell cycle, correlacionándose with their decreasing protein levels, at this stage, and cell cycle progression and proliferaicón. As demonstrated in cells that sobreexpresaban PCAF, levels and the association of p27kip1 to Cdk2 declining and as a result the activity of Cdk2 increased. In summary, this paper describes a new way of regulating the levels of p27kip1. We have seen with PCAF acetila p27kip in waste K100 causing its degradation via the proteasome during G1 inducing cycle progression and cell proliferation. In his future may be applied to the design of new therapies against cancer clinics with the aim of increasing levels of p27kip1 intracellular.

Author: TURRÓ VALLS SILVIA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The fatty liver characterized by the accumulation of LC in the cytoplasm of the liver, is a complex cellular response to different factors that alter the liver parenchyma. Currently complications arising from the fatty liver taken dimensions of an epidemic because recent studies have estimated that this disorder affects approximately 20-30% of adults in Western countries. The esteatohepalitis, liver cirrhosis, diabetes type 2, dislipoproteinemia or obesity are just a few examples of the diseases commonly associated with fatty liver. In order to analyze the possible involvement of CL in the development of these diseases, in this work we have conducted for the first time a comprehensive study of the composition of the CL formed in the liver during the processes of steatosis and non-alcoholic alcoholic. The conclusions derived from the results obtained in this thesis are: 1-Governing Bodies (CL) hepatic lipid contain a protein pattern of approximately 50 polipétidos without qualitative or quantitative differences in the significant majority of the various components experimental models studied . 2-ADRP is the most abundant protein in the liver CL. The identification of other proteins overwhelmingly confirms that the CL are closely related to the IR and reveals the existence of a vesicular traffic from and to lipid bodies. 3, - The analysis of proteins minority reveals the presence of components of the cellular cytoskeleton and confirms that the CL are closely related to lipid metabolism and vitamins, intracellular trafficking, exocytosis and intracellular signal transduction different. These results thus reveal the complexity of these organelles and involve a variety of cellular processes. 4-We have identified and characterized ALDI, a novel protein resident CL, which is expressed predominantly in the liver and kidney. 5, - Using ALDI marker as we viewed the process of biogenesis of the CL in the membranes of IR, the highly dynamic behavior of the CL and integral components of the exchange between LC and the domonios of ALDI necessary for its partnership with CL.

Author: GRANDE ROBLES M. ISABEL.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: It has been described in various agencies, such as S.cervisiae, D.melanogaste and X.laevis, Nap1 is one of histone chaperone protein involved in chromatin remodeling. Our study has shown that delección gene nap1 causing a delay in the entry into mitosis due to the activation of specific replication checkpoint and no damage to the DNA. It has been found that the activation of Cds1, effector of replication checkpoint, promotes the inactivation of the complex promoter of mitosis Cdc2/CicB, causing a block in the transition G2 / M cell cycle. Feasibility tests have shown that delección of cds1 cells deficient in Nap1 causes a marked decrease in cell viability. This result indicates that the activation of Cds1 is necessary in cells deficient in Nap1 to repair defects replicativos derived from delección of nap1, thus avoiding the accumulation of errors leading to a reduction in cell viability. Our study has also shown that Nap1 joins history H2A in vivo and participating in the remodeling of chromatin in vitro stimulating the process of sliding nucleosómico. The study of the subcellular localization of Nap1 is a protein nucleocitoplasmática which lies at the core of transient and is exported outside so regulated. Thus, while the location majority Nap1 is cytoplasmic, delección the sequence NES promotes retention Nap1 inside the nucleus, indicating that the sequence is functional and identified as the location of Nap1 is not static. It has also shown that the phosphorylation of Nap1 through the complex Cdc2/cicB promotes quality Nap1 the cytoplasm, because the inactivation of the complex promotes retention Nap1 inside the nucleus. The phosphorylation of Nap1 by the kinase CK2, on the other hand, would be involved in the translocation of Nap1 the nucleus. It seems, therefore, that Nap1 is located in the nucleus during the S phase out the cytoplasm after the replication.

Author: VANESSA ALEXANDRA ZUZARTE LUIS.
Year: 2005.
University: CANTABRIA [www.unican.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The programmed cell death is an essential process for the construction, maintenance and repair of tissue during embryonic development and in adulthood. Interest in elproceso of apoptosis has creicido even more in recent years because many viral diseases and degenerative human seem to be related to the deregulation of apoptótico program. Moreover, the understanding of the process of apoptosis has provided the basis for new therapies whose aim is to induce death in cancer cells or raise their awareness cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy (Ghobrial et al., 2005). During embryonic development cell death plays a key role, particularly in the structural morphogenesis and maturation of most organs. During the perído training of the wings and legs, birds and front and hind legs in mammals can be seen massive areas of cell death that are directly related to the morphology of the member. One of these areas of cell death, the areas of death Interdigital (INZ) occurs during the formation of the fingers in birds, reptiles and mammals and is associated with the separation of the same. The regulation and the intracellular machinery responsible for this program cell death remains largely unknown until now, although it is known that the BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) are signals that trigger the process. In this study we tried to characterize the molecular and cellular level, the process of cell death Interdigital. with them since these proteases are responsible for the activation of a large part of the processes of death in different tissues. 3) We have explored a library of cDNAs constructed from tissue Interdigital in the initial stages of regression in an attempt to identify and analyze functionally new genes involved in the process of cellular degeneration. From our study suggests that during the death Interdigital nuclear alterations are very early, there is an enormous functional redundancy in the path of caspases, and that the execution of apoptosis includes independent mechanisms of caspase Chief among these is the translocation Nuclear factor apoptosis inducer IDA. In addition, we have identified 30 genes potentially involved in the regulation of death and have characterized the role and mechanism of action of BMP-5, a new regulator of apoptosis Interdigital.

Author: FRANCO PONS NEUS.
Year: 2005.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: F.MEDICINA I CIÈNCIES SALUT.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: 1. Contributions and new knowledge that brings thesis: A new feature receptor domain discoidina 1 in oligodendrocytes and their relationship to mielinización. Moreover, his expression increases during remielinización. Therefore, their role could be critical in understanding diseases that affect the myelin as multiple sclerosis, leucodistrofias and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. 2. Methodology used and conclusions most relevant: In this thesis has been demonstrated by in situ hybridization technique that the recipient domain discoidina 1 (DDR1) follows two distinct patterns of expression during the neurodevelopmental brain of a mouse. One of these patterns (cell diffuse pattern) coincides with the process space of mielinización. In addition, by combining the techniques of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization also showed that DDR1 is expressed in oligodendrocytes in a stadium maturing concrete. In the model of demyelination and remielinización induced cuprizona it has been found that DDR1 increases their expression during the process of remielinzación and DDR1 expressed in the mature oligodendrocytes synthesized "de novo". In addition, a study behavior of the animals treated with cuprizona. The behavior analysis using three tests (drums observation functional activity in the open field and motor coordination) showed abnormalities in animals treated with cuprizona to 0.2%: 1) the overall activity in the absence of stimuli, 2) the response motosensorial an auditory stimulus, 3) locomotor activity of SCN in response to novelty, 4) motor coordination and balance. 3. Tangible results of the investigation: the results emerging from this thesis has been prepared three manuscripts under its publication: 'Expression of DDR1 during mouse brain development follows the progress of myelination', Neus Franco-Pons, Carmen Virgos, Wolfgang F. Vogel, Jesus M. Ureña, Eduardo Soriano, Jose Antonio del Rio, Elisabet Vilella, sent Neuroscience, in the process of the second review. - 'Behavioral deficits in the cuprizone-induced murine model of demyelination / remyelination, Neus Franco-Pons, Margarita Torrente, Maria Teresa Colomina and Elisabet Vilella. Sent to Behavioral brain research, in the process of the second review. - "Discoidin domain receptor 1 is upregulated during remyelination in mice exposed to cuprizone," Neus Franco-Pons, Barbara Roig, Lourdes Martorell, Tony Valente, Carme Auladell and Elisabet Vilella. Sent to Neurobiology of Disease. 4. Stay doctoranda the other research groups - stay 18 months in the laboratory of neurobiology Barcelona Science Park (group led by Dr. Eduardo Soriano at the University of Barcelona). - Stay one month in Germany in the group of Dr. Wolfgang Vogel (now at the University of Toronto, Canada). - Collaboration with Dr. Teresa Colomina (group Toxicobiología and Environmental Health, University Rovira and Virgili).

Author: LLADÓ EQUISOAIN ANNA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: This thesis has sought to analyze the role of the calmodulina and protein kinase C in the regulation of EGF receptor. At the EGFR signaling, we have shown that inhibition of calmodulina produces its transactivation in part so dependent on the release of HB-EGF by PKC, Ras stimulation by PKC is also modulated by calmodulina. At traffic receiver, inhibition of calmodulina allows the PKC block tubulación in the compartment endocítico. In addition, when the calmodullina this inhbida, PKC delta produces some of actin which probably involved in the blockade of traffic. On the other hand, overexpression of RhoB also produces a efectomorfológico similar to that produced by the antagonist of calmodulina.

Author: SOUZA RODRIGUES EMELSON.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Author: MINGORANCE JIMÉNEZ DE LA ESPADA ANA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FAC. BIOLOGÍA - UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Author: PÉREZ RIAL SANDRA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: The objective of this paper is to examine the role of receiver cannabionoide CB1, in the pathogenesis and treatment of an animal model of Parkinson's disease. To this end we examined the effects of 6-OHDA on motor behavior (rotational and coordination) on the activity and neurochemistry (dopaminergic activity (mergers DOPAC / DA), immunocytochemistry (TH), and gene expression (PENK) in mice lacking receiver cannabionide CB1 and natural mice. order to assess whether the presence or absence of receiver cannabionoide affects the vulnerability neurobehavioral or efficacy in the treatment and possible awareness pharmacology in Parkinson's disease, the effects of L-DOPA and agonist cannabionoide CP-

Author: PÉREZ MARTÍN CARLOS.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: INIA.

Summary: This paper describes the characterization of new monoclonal antibodies against antigens differentiation pigs. Among them are described AcMo against a Ag associated with cell lineage monocítico bone marrow, and cells present in peripheral organs, two AcMo that recognize antigen expression restricted to granulocytes, and a AcMo directed against cells. Also, the combination of these AcMo in combination with other markers reference has deepened in the study of the routes madurativas of granulocytes and monocytes, as well as identify stadiums madurativos prior to the previously described.

Author: CIRIZA EREÑO IRATXE.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The ovarian hormones, 17beta-estradiol and progesterone have neuroprotective effects in different animal models of neurodegeneration, some clinical studies show that hormone replacement therapy can improve the impairment of cognitive function in women who started treatment at the start of menopause. However, other trials suggest that hormone replacement therapy may increase the degree of dementia in older women treated for several years after the period postmenopaúsico. These findings raise the need to better characterize the neuroprotective actions of the ovarian hormones. In this thesis we studied the mechanisms of neuroprotection of the ovarian hormones. Specifically, we have focused on the progesterone and that the mechanisms of action of this hormone in the brain are not well described. It is known that progesterone can metabolize in the nervous system to 5alfa-dihidroprogesterona (PADs) and 3alfa-5alfa-tetrahidroprogesterona (TPH). TTP is a modulator alostérico of ion channels associated with neurotransmitter receptors and NMDA receptors GABAA and. Therefore, one of our objectives has been to determine what role the metabolism of progesterone in their neuroprotective actions. We also determined whether or progesterone metabolism interact with the neuroprotective actions of 17beta-estradiol since the hormone replacement therapies for women postemenopaúsicas is usually based on a combination of estrogen and progestin. The experimental model of neurodegeneration used in our studies is the systematic administration of acid kaínico, a well established model to induce neurodegeneration exitotóxica in training hipocampal, including interneuronas hilares downturn teeth. The effect neurodegnerativo acid kaínico was measured with a morphometric analysis of the number of neurons hilares downturn teeth using the disector Optical. Our findings indicate that progesterone prevents neuronal loss in the hippocampus depending on the dose. However, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a synthetic analogue of progesterone used in hormone replacement therapy were not protective. Since both progesterone as MPA may activate receptors of progesterone, the different effects of two progestin suggest that an independent mechanism progesterone receptor may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of progesterone. In fact, the different effects of MPA and protested on neuronal survival are associated with differences in the activation of Akt kinase in the hippocampus. The mechanism independent of the progesterone receptor can this mediated conversion of progesterone may be mediated by the conversion of progesterone to its metabolites reduced. Even metabolites of progesterone, PADs and TTP are also neuroportectores depending on the dose. Furthermore, the inhibition of metabolism of progesterone using finasteride, an inhibitor of the enzyme 5alfa-reductasa converting progesterone in the DHP, blocks the neuroprotective effect of progesterone is mediated by their metaboitos reduced. In this context, the level of both metabolites is crucial because the inhibition with idometacina enzyme reversible 3beta-HSD, which converts the DHP in the THP, block action neuroprotectora both the DHP and the THP. We have shown that 17beta-estradiol blocked neuronal death induced by acid kaínico. This effect is mediated by estrogen-receptor which has led us to assess what the effect of treatment with selective modulators of the estrogen receptor in this model of neurodegeneration. These synthetic compounds could be an interesting alternative therapeutic use of estrogen. The analysis of the effects of treatments conjugates of 17beta-estradiol with progesterone or MPA has revealed that both progestins block the neuroprotective effect of 17beta-estradiol. The results obtained with and 8 l tratam 452 iento of metabolites reduced progesterone, or PADs TPH and 17beta-estradiol has shown that only TPH is responsible for blocking the action of estrogen neuroprotectora; treatment whole DHP and 17beta - estradiol maintains the ability neuroprotectora. This discovery is of great importance for the design of protocols for hormone replacement therapies for women. Ultimately, the results of our experiments have clarified important functional aspects of sex hormones that may help develop more effective therapeutic tools to compensate for the shortfall that the cognitive decline in hormone levels in women causes.

Author: GÓMEZ MENDICUTE AMAGOIA.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍA (LEIOA).

Author: ZALDIBAR ARANBURU BEÑAT.
Year: 2005.
University: PAÍS VASCO [www.ehu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAÍS VASCO.

Summary: This thesis is aimed at studying the renewal of epithelial cells in the digestive different models of molluscs and their influence on the assessment of environmental health. It has been observed that the digestive epithelium of shellfish presents an enormous variability give cellular composition, and shellfish exposed to pollutants ambientale, there have been changes in the cellular composition of the gastrointestinal epithelium. It was unknown mechanisms proliferation and regeneration of the digestive epithelium, our hypothesis is based on the idea that epithelial renewal is produced by the division of autologous cells in the epithelium existing mature, but the renovation can be affected by different environmental variables. Three models have been selected shellfish, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), bígaro (Littorina littorea) and limaco (Arion ater) for this study. There were quantified using immunohistochemical marker for the S phase Bromodeoxiuridina (BrdU), the cells prolfierativas the digestive epithelium in different environmental conditions. On the other hand, it also has caused a change in cellular composition of the alveoli digestive exposure through various agencies of organic and inorganic pollutants, and has conducted a study on the cellular composition of the digestive epithelium in animals chronically exposed to heavy metals in in order to determine the influence of changes in the cellular composition on various biomarkers.