HUMAN BIOLOGY

Author: CASTILLO ROBLES CARMEN.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: DITO FISIOLOGÍA HUMANA FAC. MEDICINA UCM.

Summary: Aging is a universal process and multisystemic that affects almost all organs and tissues of the body. In this sense, aging reduces the production of various hormones, such as GH, estrogen and melatonin. In this thesis explores how age induces alterations in body composition, function and vascular structure, as well as in bone tissue, and produces an increase of oxidative damage and inflammation in hepatocytes. The age induces an increase in body fat, a decrease in lean mass, reduces the endothelium-dependent vasodilation, increasing vasoconstriction endothelium-dependent increases the area average and reduces vascular density and bone mineral content. Also, induces an increase in lipid peroxidation, cellular cGMP and libration NO ea and the environment, and reduces the content of cellular ATP Yla synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in hepatocytes in culture. In general, these changes are more pronounced in males and females than in ovariectomized females intact in the same age group, suggesting a possible protective role of endogenous estrogen s ovarian. In the present work also 'explores the effect of GH administration, melatonin and estrogen on the changes noted. Chronic administration of GH and melatanina the male animals is capable of improving the parameters altered. In intact females, the effects of treatment with growth hormone are not as evident as in the ovariectomized, arguably because those changes do not present so pronounced with the -edad like these. The administration of isoflavones to the old ovariectomized female rats induces positive effects similar to those of estradiol, but generahnente of lesser intensity, while the administration of isoflavones has the advantage of lacking obvious trophic effects on the uterus.

Author: PREGO MARTÍNEZ BENJAMÍN.
Year: 2004.
University: VIGO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Author: VILAL MARTINEZ ALBERTO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: The objective of this thesis was to study the behavior of diluted semen in a solvent-based compounds zwitteriónicos, compared with dog semen diluted in a solvent-based compounds saline. The cells espermáticas changed when subjected to a process of cryopreservation. The changes are evident in failures motility, the percentage of acrosomas abnormal alterations in the plasma membrane and metabolic activity of sperm and the percentage of cells that do not survive the thawing process. To achieve such work dispusimos of 10 dogs male Beagle race three years of age, using as a method of obtaining sperm an artificial vagina (T. Perez Garcia, 1957). Only collected fraction of ejaculated sperm, disregarding fractions and prostatic urethra. All material collection is kept at a temperature of 371 C to prevent heat shock. Once the semen is macroscopic and microscopic control, determining volume, concentration and motility progressive only used eyaculados, who once hired exceeded the following values: volume greater than 0.5 cc, progressive motility more than 75% , concentration greater than 200 x 106 sperm per cc. After the initial matching, mingled eyaculados that met all the characteristics required minimum, getting a mixture heterospérmica which allowed us to remove the individual variability, the time available to sperm in a volume enough to be able to perform the experiments. On this mix, and before its dilution, a new assessment identified the following parameters: overall progressive motility and concentration end dela sample. In experiments conducted in this study has been made as follows: initial dilution of sperm with each of the media, the subject of the study, 370 C to obtain a final concentration of 80 x 106 espe / cc keeping suspensions espermáticas at room temperature and darkness for 20 minutes. Balancing semen during 2h at 40 C. Packaging semen in pajuelas of 0.5 cc and sealing them with Polivinilpirrolidina (PVP), both activities being carried out at a temperature of 40 C in the interior in a cold room. Freeze in liquid nitrogen vapor in a polystyrene box closed, placing horizontally pajuelas on two variables at a height of 6cm on the level of liquid nitrogen for 10 min, after which they dive directly into liquid nitrogen to transfer then, a container. Defrosting of each straw in water bath at 3711 C for 6.5 s; emptied its contents into glass tubes at 390 C and transfer it to another bath maintained at the same temperature. Incubation post-descongelación to 390 C, and in darkness. Contrastación at intervals established: 0h, 112h, 1h, 2h, 4h, study: percentage of progressive motility, the percentage of live cells and percentage of acrosomal integrity. Our results showed the effectiveness of solvent, which is the subject of our study, as opposed to, solvent used as a template.

Author: FERNANDEZ TAGARRO MARIA.
Year: 2005.
University: SALAMANCA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: During liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogénesis have described changes in the proportions of bile acids (ABs) synthesized by the liver and the emergence ABs flat. The goal was to determine if these changes are due to changes in the expression of enzymes responsible for its synthesis and nuclear receptors that regulate using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. It also studied changes in the pattern ABs during the non-cancerous liver regeneration in humans, measuring their levels in patients hepatectomizados. During the hepatocarcinogénesis in rats, not altered the expression of the enzyme cholesterol 7 -hidroxilasa declined the sterol 27-hidroxilasa and increased by the sterol 12 -hidroxilasa. This may explain the steady growth of the relationship cholic acid / acid quenodesoxicólico (AQDC) for malignancy. During this phase also decreases the expression of SHP, suggesting an important role in regulating the synthesis of ABs during this process. However, the absence of change during the hepatocarcinogénesis indicates that in this case, there are other factors involved. The resurgence in rat bile of ABs? 4-insaturados and allo-ABs during both processes can be attributed to the decrease in hepatic expression of the enzyme 3-ceto-? 4-esteroide- reductase in patients undergoing an hepatectomía mayor, there was an increase in colanemia and in the urinary excretion of ABs majority also increased serum concentration and urinary excretion of ABs? 4-insaturados, even in patients undergoing segmentomía, so their monitoring could be used for Regenerative monitoring the process.

Author: ALVA BOCANEGRA NORMA VIOLETA.
Year: 2006.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: We performed a preliminary test by comparing the effects of pentobarbital and retamina in rats. Then we studied the effect of hypothermia deep (20 ° C in body temperature) and the warming and assessed the effects of hypothermia in rats subjected to an hour of hypoxia (O2 at 10%). The survey results indicate that on the one hand ketamine induces an increase in nitric oxide plasma, in addition to the maintenance of blood pressure in hypothermia. In rats anestesiadas with pentobarbital demonstrated an adequate contribution of oxygen to tissues during hypothermia, with a slight increase in production of free radicals of oxygen, unable to induce oxidative injury or tissue damage, though even trigger cell signaling process. The profound hypothermia was able to limit the damage in the model of acute hypoxia and thanks to a conservation ratio GSH / GSSQ.