HUMAN ANATOMY

Author: CISNEROS GIMENO ANA ISABEL.
Year: 1999.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Our goal has been the knowledge of the structure of human epigastric artery. We have studied 66 epigastric arteries lower aged between 8 and 84 years of age, obtained through legal medical autopsies. The inferior epigastric artery is an artery-type muscle, which consists of three tunics (intimate, media and adventitia). The intimate presents. An internal limiting membrane single, strong and scalloped throughout its shape, which is the peculiarity of being fenestrada. The average is composed of smooth muscle cells targeted circularmente, and arranged in layers, with an average of 21, which include a low elastic material, which is distributed primarily by the third inside the robe. His adventitia will present wealth of elastic material, preferably longitudinal provision, which gives a compact and provides a morphological pattern itself. The histochemical study has revealed a balanced distribution of mucosustancias neutral robe inedia, while the internal limiting membrane and adventitia contain mucosustancias acidic, poorly sulfates. The immunohistochemical study with the reaction of the a-actina has been positive in the robe average, and we have also detected in isolation reaction antígeno - anticuerpo anti-a-actina in the adventitia and the close of the arteries who had intimal thickening. The morphometric study conducted with the software Quancoul  ®, we have seen how the epigastric artery has an average of 1,602,604  µ 2 of which 832,771 relate to the adventitia, 442,761 to the middle and 24,590 at the close. The incidence of disease in this artery intimal is 30%, beginning to emerge from 50 years, their distribution is eccentric (Focal and irregular), and does not compromise the blood flow, as reflected in the indices of intimal thickening (IEI) from 2.78%, and reduced light (IRL) of 4.08%. The influence of age is reflected by the increase of collagen in robe average, and the emergence on a regular basis from 50 years of small intimal thickening pathological. An important chapter of this work has been the study compared with epigastric artery coronary arteries (interventricular above) and internal mammary the same subject (in number of 40 and 30 respectively) as long as we were able, noting that in the face of coronary and breast greatly affected by arteriosclerosis and with great commitment from light vascular inferior epigastric arteries appear without affectation, or it is minimal. From our observations we concluded that epigastric artery by its morphological characteristics, and functional status is a good candidate to be considered an artery of choice in the coronary bypass, but we think it will take to do long-term studies to see how it behaves once the glass has been reanastomosado. We believe that the canine is a good model for experimentation because we have seen how epigastric artery flow is very similar in structure to human epigastric artery.

Author: ORTIZ GONZÁLEZ LUIS.
Year: 2002.
University: EXTREMADURA [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: Following the introduction in 1987 of radiofrequency catheter ablation and their acceptance as a treatment curtativo of certain types of arrhythmias, we are witnessing a gradual increase of use thanks to advances in techniques fluoroscópicas and mapping intracardíaco. The aim of this thesis aims to provide data antómicos of the human heart to provide information relvante to electrofisoólogo clone during ablation of the slow and fast tracks of AV Nodal Reentrant tachycardia and atrial flutter common. We have studied the origin, pathway and relationships artery AV node in a large number of especímienes human level triangle of Koch and space pyramidal lower its distance from the endocardio right auricle and its relations with the shaft driving specialist at different levels triangle koch.También we measured the thickness of the isthmus cavbo-tricuspídeo and analyzed, the route and depth subendocárdica of the right coronary artery and vein coranaria lower in the three levels on which we split the above isthmus. The results of the work we have compared with those of previous researchers, providing new data and topographical anatomy, which offers an explanation from a different histological clinical findings.

Author: COBIELLA CARNICER ROSANA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The carotid vascular axis is an important field of ENT. It seems to be the central axis vascular neck and contains large vessel on which depends the vasculación craneocéfalica.Este work started from a vision eminently otorrinolaringológica Hence, from cancer surgery, we focused on the cervical regions I and II, for the carotid triangle top. After a thorough literature review, we note that the variability of the arteries in the neck was negligible and that they had been described mainly in jobs "in connection with a case." In this Doctoral Thesis have studied patterns of normal and variable triangle carotid arteries for the top, establishing a classification based on patterns and types which simplifies the knowledge of the potential of each of the branches of the carotid artery axis and the details morphological interest in otolaryngology.

Author: GONZÁLEZ LORRIO FRANCISCO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: We studied 30 human embryos belonging to the Stages Carnegie 15 to 20, all of them with a length of VC between 7 and 31 mm. We analyze images using a computerized card linked to: -Videocámara adaptable to microscopio- Monitor (color, high resolution) and digitized tablets whose cursor shape, in every court, selected structures. We measure:-maximum diameters Cardiac: Anteroposterior and Side-volume cardiac (thickness court multiplied by sum of partial areas) Conclusions: At present exist a great dissension in the prenatal anatomical terminology in general and in the embryonic heart particularly between research basic and clinical, which requires the urgent need for an international consensus. The new terminology cardiac prenatal should acuñarse rooted grecolatinas and without epónimos, respecting the principle that finding areas where it occurs tabicación we must serve as a guide for the division of conrazón embryonic and must make sense both for the embriólogo pilot for the clinical cardiologist. In stages Carnegie 15 to 23 found a statistically significant positive correlation between: Volume heart and V. Myocardium front of the Carnegie stage, Volume cardiac versus volume miocárdio. Volume cardiac versus length vertex-coccix. - The equations and the respective curves cardiac embryonic growth presented in this work are statistically more significant than others filed in the past. In stages Carnegie 15 to 23 growth in the volume cardiac presents an increase of 13% per millimeter in length and percentage change in total 2500%. - The valuation of growing embryonic human heart is better appreciated on the basis of the variation of volumetric body in the variation of linear measures.

Author: LÓPEZ-VIDRIERO TEJEDOR EMILIO.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of preparation: U.C.M.

Summary: There is a detailed introduction on the autonomic nervous system, control vasomotor center. Description carotid sinus with the contribution he made anatomical D. Fernando Castro. Evaluation of the role of barorreceptores. It describes the autonomous nerve dysfunction of essential hypertension (ETS) and described in different pathologies (hypertension "white coat" syndrome sleep apnea, hiperaldosteronismo 1Â °) alterations of the sympathetic nervous system and the baroreceptores. It discusses the various methods that can be used to measure the sensitivity of baroreceptores (SBR) with a detailed description of the system that was used traumatic (alpha index, by spectral analysis of the wave of blood pressure). SBR has been studied in 11 syndromes sleep apnea (OSAS) is not in hypertensive under basal conditions and subsequently chronic treatment with CPAP, 28 hypertensive "white coat" (BB), 43 hiperaldosteronismo 1Â º (ALDO) basalmente and chronic treatment with spironolactone, 144 ETS basalmente and after normalization of blood pressure with antihypertensives and 23 healthy. We found that the OSAS basalmente has diminished very healthy but the SBR vs. normalized after treatment with CPAP. The BB has increased the SBR vs. healthy. The ALDO basalmente the SBR is similar to the healthy and does not vary with treatment espironolactonas (indicating the lack of involvement of the sympathetic system in the pathophysiology of hypertension and normalizing blood pressure cont contratamiento spironolactone. ETS has diminished basalmente the SBR vs. healthy, but is normalized to the normalization of blood pressure treatment. is studied in the SBR basalmente and hypertension treatment: an alpha blocker (n = 14), beta-blocker (n = 38), calcium antagonist dihidropiridínicos (n = 28), converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 99), angiotensin antagonists (n = 35). that more increases SBR with alpha blockers. calcium antagonists dihidropiridínicos diminish the SBR. increases with SBR beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin antagonists. SBR has great relevance in situations where a predominantly sympathetic activity.

Author: BARREIRO AMIGO ANA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Author: MATA ESCOLANO FEDERICO-LUIS.
Year: 2004.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE MEDICINA I ODONTOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE MEDICINA I ODONTOLOGIA VALENCIA.

Summary: In the present study we wanted to make an assessment of the provision and morphology of the structures that emerge from aortic cayado, using high-tech radiological techniques such as Angio-TC and Angio-RM. We began with an introduction in which define who are the trunks supraaorticos, which is normal and finally set work goals. Subsequently realio a literature review of the embryological development of the logs supraaórtico, because variations in the provision of the same will respond to changes occurring during the development embriológico, while eesto will allow us to observe what is the provision "typical of the trunks ". The working method consisted of a population of 900 individuals (500 males and 400 females) who were subjected to studies by Angio-TC (174) or Angio-RM (726) whose images were obtained through study valued at consoles diagnostic projections obtained D MIP and MPR and determining the layout and type of trunk emerging cayado aortic. The results were reflected by frequency burtas and net according to the technique and were often presented in tables and graphic representations. Realizándose also T Student studies comparing the two techniques, as well as the variations observed in males and females, determined the lack of statistical significance between the results of Angio-Tc and Angio-RM, as well as the changes observed in males and females. The discussion will raise by comparing our results with those obtained by authors classicos anatomical as Sobota, Thomsom, Addachi. Or with those obtained by radiologists technique Seldiger for valuation of logs as Luka or Osborm. Concluyendose that the results obtendios in our study were quite comparable to those of classical literature and anatomical radiation. CONCLUSIONS 1 .- angigrafía mediant CT or MRI techniques are suitable for the study and evaluation of the logs suparaorticos and its variants. 2 .- It is técncias poorly invasive reprodudibles once, at any time without reexplorar to patients. 3 .- The two techniques are diagnósticadas while ANgio-TC to study 3D is the most anatomical dissection by allowing perform a virtual patient, allowing even correct the mistakes made with virtual scalpel. 4 .- Our study confirms that the provision "typical" you trunks supráaroticos is one in which the three trunks cayado emerge for alt ronco braquiocefálico right, Subclavia left and Carótida left, emerging each vertebra of his subclavia. With a frequency of 81.50%. 5 .- The study also we have seen, that most of the anatomical variations occur depending on the disposibión of glasses left, mainly from the left carotid being trocobraquiocefálico more stable. 6 .- The study has shown that there is no statistically significant difference in the willingness of logs supraártocios between the sexes. 7 .- We have seen that when setting the anatomical hya to assess alternatives not only the number of logs emerging cayado, but also the nature of it. Being able situations exist with two, three or four different logs each other segúen the trunk responsible for the variation. 8 .- The statistical results obtained with the techniques of high-tech apli 8 target to 471 study anatomical variants of the logs supraaórticos agree almost entirely with those obtained in the dissection techniques and conventional angiographic studies. 9 .- The concordance of the results obtained with the virtual dissection in connection with those obtained in the anatomic dissections of bodies, allows settle the usefulness of this diagnostic method, applied to teaching anatomical, as complementary method to the actual dissection.

Author: MARTÍNEZ AMAT ANTONIO.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FISICA Y EL DEPORTE.

Summary: The practice of strenuous physical exercise has been associated with the development of microlesiones muscle. His gravity and evolution are variable dependiento the intensity, duration and type of exercise performed. Okay estableciedo that muscle suffered greater damage when the exercise involves eccentric contractions (active stretching muscle). Various markers have been proposed to determine the muscle damage, such as the creatin kinase activity in serum (CK), lactate deshigrogenada (LDH), or concentration in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). However, all parameters currently available are limited, and the release of muscle enzymes not clearly reflects the structural damage muscle, as seha estimated by histological analysis. In this study, our aim has been to identify the protein alfa-actina muscular skeletal through westem blot, in the serum of subjects with severe skeletal muscle damage, subject snos not sportsman, subject sportsmen and subject dpoertistas with muscle injuries, so com using a predictive reliable, which is capable of detecting problems of muscle contractile dysfunction. In addition, we have carried out the identification of a number of other markers, such as mioglobina, CK total LDH, troponin T and troponin I, in order to compare and evaluate, together with the alfa-actina, which of them is more reliable to detect such damage skeletal muscle. The samples were obtained from a total of 134 subjects, which were distributed in each group commented earlier. With these gupos took four different studies, first compare the levels of markers among different groups fair, the second study was to compare the changes of the different markers in the various sporting disciplines studied, the third estudo design look at how they vary markers in a game of high competition between two types of patterns sports (handball and rugby), and finally, we compare the changes over time of various markers, after conducting a test effort. Our results show in the various studies, the alfa-actina is the marker protein in skeletal muscle damage greater signiicatividad, both quantitatively and qualitatively, with respect to other proteins tested. Furthermore we find that alfa-actina is the protein that is released into the blood when there is a more precocious skeletal muscle damage, and therefore may be regarded as an ideal candidate for the early detection of skeletal muscle injury in athletes.

Author: SARRAT TORRES REBECA.
Year: 2004.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA DE ZARAGOZA.

Summary: After studying in detail the formation of the wall of arteries and veins umbilical healthy and subjected to the action of noxas contained in the smoke snuff, we got the following results: The cellular and extracellular compartments of the vessel umbilical healthy comprise the same cells, proteoglucanos and fibrous proteins and commitment that make up the walls of the vessels of the circulatory system fetal and postnatal. While term, the umbilical arteries, not veins, lack of internal elastic membrane limiting, this barrier is present on both vessels during the first half of pregnancy; for, a partir de ese momento disappear gradually. Under the action of snuff, subendotelio of these vessels is apparent, due to the development of intimal thickening, always kind of eccentric. This increased thickness of the intima affects not only vessels term, but also to the arteries and veins of fetuses between the 11 weeks and birth. As in other glasses of prenatal and postnatal stages, the intimate vessel from mothers who smoke increases at the expense of smooth muscle cells of contractile and synthetic phenotype of macrophages and the thickness of the sheeting and basal membranes and intercellular space of the region. Increases in the organelle citoplasmáticas and inclusions, which showed the vessel endothelial cells subjected to snuff: increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Weibel - Palade bodies, and glycogen granules and phenomena pinocitosis are proof of increased metabolic activity, immigration and concisely in this region. The supramolecular structures of the extracellular matrix, above, increases its thickness at the expense of an increase of proteoglucano chondroitin sulfate, fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV. In vessel umbilical mothers who smoke, it is possible to identify, according to the classification of Stary, stadiums type I and II, for early lesions. In cases of smoking heaviest smokers of more than 30 cigarettes per day were also detected lesions included in stages III preateroma and IV atheroma. Among them: endothelial denudation, and degenerative lesions at the level of endothelial cells and smooth muscle. In conclusion, the vascular wall of the placental circulation, subject to the action of smoking mother suffers intimal lesions that correspond with those expressed by the circulations fetal and postnatal. Possibly, if these vessels do not have a limited lifetime, eventually reaching more advanced stages of the development of atherosclerotic plaque.

Author: SÁNCHEZ ZURIAGA DANIEL.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA DE VALENCIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Y ODONTOLOGÍA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE. In the literature were used dynamic tests on the movement of flexo-extensión torso in an objective way to distinguish between healthy subjects and patients with back pain due to nonspecific. We have no record of any study that has recorded simultaneously patterns of movement lumbo-pélvico and neuromuscular activity of the extensor muscles of the back by non-invasive techniques, and they have been compared between different groups of patients with low back pain and specific alterations the anatomy of the region lumbo-pélvica. MATERIALS AND METHODS participated 50 subjects with no history of pain and 50 subjects with low back pain, from which extracted various target groups: herniated disc, spondylolisthesis, sacroileítis bilateral ankylosing spondylitis. During cycles standardized flexo-extensión torso were analyzed, provided by non-invasive techniques: 1) the movement of the hip and lumbar spine through a electrogoniómetro type Isotrak that provides degrees of flexion. 2) the electrical activity of muscle erector spinae, through a electromiógrafo wireless surface type MESPEC 4000. All recorded data were synchronized. After processing and normalizarlos were obtained a number of variables: activity mioeléctrica and degrees of flexion lumbar and hip means at each stage of movement; ranges maximum bending trunk, hip and lumbar spine; times keeping lumbar flexion and hip over 90% of its maximum duration, start and end the phenomenon of flexión-relajación the erector spinal; indices on the relaxation activity mioeléctrica of flexion, extension and flexo-extensión. Found normalcy of the variables using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and repeatability in the day and between-day action by the Coefficient of Correlation Intraclase and the Standard Error of Measurement. To this end, ten control subjects repeated tests fifteen days. The significant difference between the groups was extracted using the Student's t test for independent and a factor ANOVA with Bonferroni test as a post-hoc test. RESULTS The majority of patients maintained the phenomenon of flexión-relajación muscle erector spinae. The variables of motion of the hip, in all groups of patients were similar to those of healthy subjects, whereas the maximum flexion of the lumbar spinal column and the time it maintains a stalk lumbar flexion increased from 90% of its maximum were children in all groups of patients. In patients with a history of non-specific LBP was observed alteration pattern of lumbar motion and the activation of the erector spinae: muscle relaxation time, indices of relaxation and pattern of activity mioeléctrica. In patients with spondylolisthesis, only alterations were observed in the pattern of lumbar motion, whereas in patients with disc herniation and ankylosing spondylitis, were only observed alterations in the activation of the erector spinae. DISCUSSION Our results have shown strategies movement in the flexo-extensión torso, specific to each anatomical alteration of the lower back, and that protect the stalk of loads prejudicial. These strategies could be explained as the neurophysiology and anatomy of the region lumbo-pélvica, through the unleashing of spinal reflexes or supraespinales. The study of these strategies movement, in addition to bringing unprecedented results in the literature can ten 8 er diver 37b sas clinical applications in areas such as the diagnosis of causes of low back pain, evaluation of treatment techniques, monitoring of the evolution of patient or detection simulators.

Author: GONZÁLEZ MONTERO ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: GRANADA [www.ugr.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA..
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA. UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: The origin and development of huesecillos average ear of the human species is not entirely clear, especially when it comes to the bracket (stapes). Various theories have been proposed to explain the development estapedial in the ear medium: 1 .- The first believes that the stirrup comes exclusively from the cartilage of the second arc branquial or pharyngeal, cartilage known as cartilage of Reichert. This is the classic theory that contains the main texts Embryology (Hamilton and Mossman, 1975; Moore, 1999; Sadler, 2004, among others). 2 .- The second incorporates a dual possibility: The basis of the stapes from the capsule ótica and branches from the cartilage of Reichert. 3 .- Finally, the theory that advocates the origin of the stapes from a structure of the second arc branquial independent cartilage from Reichert. We analyzed 80 specimens human belonging to the Embrioteca Institute of Embryology of the Complutense University of Madrid. Of them, were selected 19 embryos for the description of the results so representing all the basic facts of the development of the stapes in the embryonic period. These embryos are in the range of 6-28 mm. Long vertex-coccix (VC) for the stadium 13 to 23, O'Rahilly. Based on our results are obtained the following conclusions: 1 .- confirm that the tip of cranial cartilage Reichert does not correspond to the outline of the stirrup. Among them stands a structure called interhial. 2 .- It sets the schedule morfogénico cartilage Reichert of: a) During the stadium, 14 O'Rahilly appears anlage of the proximal end of the cartilage of Reichert or laterohial. B) In the stadium, 16 O'Rahilly appears outline interhial. C) During the stadium 18 starts phase condrogénesis cartilage from Reichert. The precartílago of Reichert presents a greater degree of evolution in the middle of the second arc, coinciding with the development of blastemas premusculares of muscle estílea. D) During the stadium, 20 O'Rahilly prolonging ínferolateral the capsule ótica or crystal parótica joins with the extreme skull precartílago of Reichert. E) During the stadium, 21 O'Rahilly, Reichert is a well cartilaginous structure formed in segments skull and a half of the second arc branquial. 3 .- We confirm that at the end of the period of embryonic cartilage Reichert has been formed only in two segments: a greater póstero-craneal joined the capsule ótica, other than in connection with the hioides.

Author: PARDAL FERNÁNDEZ JOSE MANUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: For the development of this research work has been analyzed 89 fetuses belonging to the Institute of Embryology of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, between the ages of 35 and 150 mm.de length vertex-coccix (VC), between 9 and 17 weeks of age gestational according to the stadiums O'Rahilly (O'RAHILLY and MÃLLER, 1996) and the Carnegie (CORLISISS, 1979). After his study reached the following conclusions: 1 - The cartilage of the second arc branquial or cartilage of Reichert does not form a continuous structure, but is developing into two segments. 2 - The segment posterocraneal cartilage of Reichert will lead to the apófisis styloids. The lowest form horns smaller hioides. 3 - The lower end of the segment posterocraneal cartilage of Reichert is angulado. Introducing different degrees of angulation. 4 - The bottom angulado segment posterocraneal cartilage of Reichert, interacts with: A - The wall of the oropharynx B-nerve glosofaríngeo C - The external carotid artery, surrounded by the external carotid nerves. 5, - relations vasculo-nerviosa which owns the segment posterocraneal cartilage of Reichert, when introduced angulaciones extreme, may explain the symptoms of the syndrome of Eagle. 6 - The proximity in some cases the bottom segment postero-c raneal cartilage of Reichert with the nerve glosofarínego could explain some of the idiopathic forms of this cranial neuropathy.

Author: ZARAGOZA CASARES PABLO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: 1 - The basal cell carcinomas are more common in men with an increase in its presentation from 50 years. 2 - The carcinomas parpebrales should be treated by ophthalmologists. 3, - its diagnosis is based on histopathological study helped by Immunohistochemical techniques. 4 - There is a polimización topography of the pigmented cells in relation to exposure luminance in basal cell carcinomas pigmented. 5-Biopsies intrnaoperatorias should be done in all cases (technical Mohs) - 6-unique Association of basal cell carcinomas with chalzión and the mite demodez, folliculorum. 7 - KI-67 is a reliable marker of relapse. 8 - The basal cell carcinoma infundibuloquístico should be included in the group of adenomas parpebrales. 9, - should delineate the extent of surgical lateral limits and depth of 3 mm for being the first and the second at least to the level subdérmico.

Author: BETRIÁN BLASCO PEDRO.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: There has been a morphological study of epéndimo since the triple perspective of conventional histology, histochemistry and electron microscopy. The work covers three key points: a) Ontogenia b) Phylogeny over subphylum of vertebrates c) Experimental based tests osmóticas. From the point of view ontogenético are striking at the heart of the different structure of epéndimo of the matrix basal or álar, discovered 4 constituencies each with its organizational characteristics peculiar. In connection with the histochemistry ferments noted the low content in these epithelial Ependymal, except during the embryonic period (2Â ° third), a slight positivity of the wedge before the aceticolinesterasa. In terms of comparative anatomy was observed at every level of the CNS, structural variations of epéndimo in each species, with an emphasis on 2 facts: 1) As there is a great polymorphism structure on the walls facing the lateral ventricles and 2) the presence yuxtaependimaria fish amphibians, reptiles and birds, not mammals, of neurons giants whose significance remains to be elucidated. In the rat is an exhaustive study of epéndimo III ventricle, noting regional variations, stopping in the area of the infundibular recess, which describes 3 types of epithelial lining identified by COLMANT (1967). We call attention to the morphology ependimaria in the region flow of the third ventricle, whose excrecencias epithelial ventricular into the light, looking glomerular suggest at this level an intense secretory activity. The histochemistry ferments. In particular esterases inespecífieas and G1-6Ph-DH provides valuable data regarding the epithelium tanicitario, you interact with infundibular and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. Evidence osmóticas from dehydration achieved thirsty or saline intake of CINa to 25% have clearly revealed the reactive capacity of epéndimo -plexos coroideos- bodies circunventriculares, with a real unity, which is compared to a gland dispersed nature anficrino, charged certainly the regulation of metabolism hidrosalino. The ultrastructural slope just begun to conclude this work provides the first results to the organization ependimaria, noting the differences as a result of cell maturation, along the development process ontogenético.