BOTANY

Author: SAN JOSE VALVERDE M. PALOMA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: The vanadium is a feature of nature, whose source is closely linked with human-induced causes. By its action on some plant species, it can be considered as a beneficial element. The aim of this thesis has been in line with previous work, knowing the effect of various doses of vanadium on the development and metabolism of nitrogenous Phaseolus vulgaris L. Ly Nicotiana rustica, also studying its impact ultrastructural level. Both species are regarded as medicinal plants for the pharmacological activity of certain metabolites and in the case of P.vulgaris L., it is of great intereés for food. The results suggest that the contribution of certain elements in order to increase crop yields or production of specific metabolites has to be closely related species.

Author: ANTEZANA VALERA CAROLA FÁTIMA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: It has conducted a survey of the flora and vegetation in the valleys corresponding to the provinces and Mizque Campero Cochabamba (Bolivia). For the study of plant associations and communities, the method of fitosociológico Braun-Blanquet, as amended by Gèhu and Rivas - Martínez (1981). It was proposed as new (10 associations and 4 subasociaciones), which includes the following sintaxones: Espostoo guentherii-Loxopterygietum grisebachii acacietosum feddeanae, Neocardenasio herzogianae-Schinopsietum haenkeanae lourtelletosum resinosae; Cardenasiodendro brachypteri-Schinopsietum haenkeanae tipuanetosum tipi; Baccharido dracunculifoliae-dodonaeetum viscosae eupatorietosum buniifoli ; Mimoso lepidotae-Dodonaeetum viscosae; Vernonio saltensis-Flourensietum riparieae; Heterophyllaeo lycioidis-Tecometum beckii; senno morongii-Baccharidetum ulicinae; Sapio glandulosi-Salicietum humboldtiani; funastro gracilae-Vallesietum glabrae; Asclepius bolivianae-Baccharietum salicifoliae; Nicotiano glaucae-Senecietum pampeani, Rebutio fiebrigii-Abrometielltum brevifoliae and Phisalido viscosae - Xanthietum spinosii. It has also produced a catalog floristic and biogeographic flora studied vascular territory with a total of 808 taxa for which mentions his corología, also bioclimas known in which they operate.

Author: PINTOS LÓPEZ BEATRIZ.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: CIFOR-INIA (MADRID).

Summary: This study aims to genetic improvement of cork through biotechnological techniques leading to a process of embryogenesis pollen or embryogenesis gamética.Las microspore, as a result of treatment of stress change suprograma development gametofílico by a program esporofitico, resulting in especially useful in species with long generations, as in most of the leñósa, including Quercus suber L. Where traditional methods of genetic improvement for obtaining pure lines are unworkable. This dissertation is part of Project M. Of Science and Tecnologíca.Programa of Scientific Research and Development Tecnologíco (mode P4) AGL2000-0029-P4-03.Entidades participants: INIA-TRAGSA-TIETAR SA And the program of the National Resources and Technologies Agroalimentarias RTA 02-032-c2-1 INIA.El overall objective of this thesis is to study the Embriogénesis gamética and obtaining Doble-haploides in cork (Quercus suber L.) The objectives specific are studying the correlation between the state fenológico delos amentos, size and coloring of antennas and the state of development of microspore, different stress treatments that trigger route esporofitica, the effect of pretreatment of amentos in cold and the effect of genotype in inducing pollen embryogenesis in alcornoque.Por other hand, has also carried out carcterización cell of the early stages of embryogenesis dela microspore Quercus suber L. Just as the progression of this process until obtaining individuals doble-heploides of cork, which include different treatments diplodización through agents antimitóticos such as orizalina colchicine and amiprofos methyl protocols and maturation, germination and acclimatization and acclimatization these individuosl.El using microsatellite molecular markers had identified the genetic variability of embryos obtained as well as gamético origin of the same.

Author: MUNTANÉ BARTRA JOAN.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: LABORATORI DE BOTÁNICA, FACULTAT DE FARMÁCIA, UB.

Summary: The thesis consists of a catalog etnoflorístico of botanical species used in traditional medicine in the northern Catalunya (counties of Capcir, Conflent and Cerdanya), including the very concepts of disease / healing lingüsticas thereof (referred to names popular lexicon plant life Rural Pyrenees). It shows the extent of use of flora and high mountain environment inhabited nuclei and assesses the persistence of traditions in a entrono of acculturation. Ethnobotanical The method is the development of 171 polls reporting local systematics of the group pathologies and therapeutic applications continues to European standards Cook (1995). It has obtained information on 630 species of plants, 225 of which were useful medicinal and 36 of veterinary use only. The pharmaceutical form is the most commonly used decoction (whether devia internal management and external). Regarding pathologies highlights relating to the digestive system and skin disorders and the subcutaneous cellular tissue. We have found 190 uses pharmacological not documented. The proposed rate RPI (ethnobotanical), which would quantify the risk of loss of information ethnobotany in a generation and studied in the region is about 90%. In addition to the catalog etnofarmacéutico, annotated 163 tickets to food and feed, and with regard to plants used in daily life (tools, and other useful) cites 457 entries. 412 entries refer to beliefs, especially linked to the feast of Saint John or the relationship with the moon phases. As to remedies of various origin cites 361 entries. We collected 513 names of the plants popular in the Catalan language, of which 170 had not been previously documented.

Author: VIADÉ BORREGO ANA.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: ESCOLA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE LUGO.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE LUGO.

Summary: The acidic soils global occupy about 30% of the surface and Spain account for 40%. Galicia, due to its humid climate, geological materials in nature acid and the predominance of open systems, has acidic soils. As a result occur at different limiting fertility, the most. Important is the dominance of aluminum, which occupies most of the positions of the soil cation exchange. This problem can be solved through the whitewashed, as a pH greater than 5 Al precipitates. The objective of this study was to establish the size of grain more suitable for treatment with limestone magnesiana a quaternary sediments on land that was introduced in the rotation prairie / corn. Implemented limestone magnesiana in 24 parcels in a dose of 3tha-l in various grain sizes. The treatments were established depending on the diameter of the particle and were as follows: processing 4, limestone between 2 and 4 mm; treatment 2, limestone between 0.5 and 2 mm; treatment 0.5, limestone between 0.25 and 0 , 5 mm; treatment 0.25, limestone below 0.25 mm. The limestone of 0.25 mm was applied in two ways: 3tha-l in planting, as in the rest of the granulometrias and so fractious, applying 1tha-l at the time of sowing and October each year until complete 3 tha - 1, this is the treatment Or, 25f were used 4 pieces for each size and 4 parcels control in the 24 plots are added NPK (8:24:16) in a dose of 500kg ha-l in planting and in the months May and October each year. It grasses planted species in a mixture F2. In the third year of testing was a rotation crop was planted corn and forage. Samples of soil seasonally, grasses in July and October of each year and corn in October last year for testing. He then identified the chemical properties of soil, in the grasses and species were identified in maize production and nutrient content. All information gathered is treated statistically. In plots with the sizing finer mayor0, 25mm) applied in a dose, the pH is higher and the wider availability of Ca and Mg in the plant throughout the trial, obtaining the best production of the species grasses planted and better quality grass. The particle size also contributes to the rainfall aluminum and reduce the toxicity of this ion in the ground. But when the particle size 0.25 applies in two installments, it is less effective. The plots whitewashed with the sizing thicker presented values similar to those obtained by the control plots, indicating that this size makes it difficult to incorporate limestone. This comparison of the methods of extracting phosphorus (Olsen and Mehlich- 3) found greater extraction with the method 01sen, although it won a significant correlation between the two methods. For calcium and phosphorus there is no significant correlations between their values in soil and plant, hence its absorption by the plant, not just a matter of who is available in the soil, but must involve other factors such as the interaction between nutrients. On the contrary there is a good correlation of magnesia in the magnesium plant in the soil. In maize, liming more influence on the quality of that grain production.

Author: BLANCO SALAS JOSÉ.
Year: 2005.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍAS AGRARIAS.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE EXTREMADURA.

Author: GONZÁLEZ COSTILLA ONESIMO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: The memory doctoral addresses the study of vegetation in the Sierra de Catorce and peripheral areas, in the state of San Lyuis Potosi, Mexico, with special emphasis on its zoning bioclimatic. It has carried out a statistical analysis and comparative, and has established its secondment sintaxonómica. Through the analysis bioclimatic have been established bioclimatic floors. It has also made two catalogs, a taxonomic and other floristic.

Author: MUÑOZ MAYOR ALICIA.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CARTAGENA.
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA.

Summary: The tomato is one of the most important vegetable species globally. Its cultivation is concentrated in semiarid regions, where water available for irrigation is very low, and usually with high levels of salts, resulting in significant reductions in production. Getting crops more tolerant to drought and salinity through conventional breeding has been a relatively slow process because it is quite complex characters. Given the progress made in genetic transformation, a goal of great interest at present is the identification of genes involved in the main processes of tolerance. In this context, the Group of Prof. worked. Moreno (IBMCPUPV-CSIC) in conjunction with our (CEBAS) have developed an ambitious goal: the search for genes can increase tolerance to drought and salinity in tomato. Within the same, the objective of this study was to ascertain whether overexpression of individual genes tas14 and tsw12, which was induced by osmotic stress and salt in tomato, or the joint expression of two genes involved in various processes (tsw12 x HAL1 ), improve the level of tolerance to drought and / or salinity in tomatoes, as well as identify the physiological changes induced by single or joint expression of the genes. To determine if overexpression of genes tas14 and tsw12 improve tolerance of tomato water and salt to you, have been given out various experiments in the short, medium and long term, with transgenic lines derived from the processing of two tomato cultivars with different characteristics (p73 and UC82B). Overall, the results indicate that genes tas14 and tsw12 induce a positive effect on tolerance to water stress and salinity. By studying the physiological response of plants and agronomic sobreexpresan that the combination tsw12 x HAL1 subjected to different levels of salinida has shown that this strategy is suitable for improving the degree of tolerance in a wider range of salinity, and the prevailing effect In one form or another gene depending on the level of stress. Finally, note that the positive effect induced by different genes in the abiotic stress tolerance to both showed more evident in the lines where the gene is expressed in hemicigosis that homocigosis.

Author: BAÑARES ESPAÑA ELENA.
Year: 2005.
University: MÁLAGA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA.

Summary: Over much of the evolution agencies have faced numerous substances occurring in nature that are toxic. Their survival depends to this day the power of adaptation to such substances. However, the pollution anthropic assumed an even greater challenge for survival because most of these compounds have never been present in the biosphere, because products are synthesized by man. The cyanobacteria and microalgae represent one of the groups most important primary producers on the planet: in addition, play an essential role in biogeochemical cycles to be a linchpin in the functioning of ecosystems. However, very little is known about how these groups are adapted to the contaminants present in nature and whether natural or anthropogenic origin. The basic tool to study the ability of these organisms to adapt to toxic substances is a procedure that is simultaneously experimental and statistical analysis of fluctuation Luria & Delbrà ¼ ck. To that end, we used the 2,4,6-trinitrotolueno (TNT) and sulphurous waters of the Los Banos Hedionda, as representatives of a pollutant newly synthesized and natural respectively. The biological models were spirogyra insignis (Chlorophyceae) for sulfur water and Dictysphaerium chlorelloides (Chlorophyceae) and Microcystis aeruginosa (Cianobacteria) for TNT. The fluctuation analysis revealed that the emergence of resistant mutants both selective (TNT and sulfur water) is produced by random mutations, and low frequency in the population, pre-exposure to toxic. This implies the existence of a genetic variability enough to ensure the existence of this mutant in the population. The asexual populations of organisms have been considered clónicas as they are without sexual reproduction, which is considered as the main source of genetic variability. However, the implementation of a particular experimental design similar to that used in the genetic improvement of livestock and crops, suggests a high genetic variation in populations of the cyanobacterium M.aeruginosa character associated with photosynthesis. Finally, we conducted a study on the acclimation of three strains M.aeruginosa different irradiancias. It also discusses the evolutionary and ecological implications of this.

Author: BLANCO LÓPEZ YOLANDA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: In agriculture, the two most important crops worldwide are covered with grasses and legumes. Among the grasses, sugar cane occupies a very important place because it is one of the main crops os used by humans in their food. Monocotiledónea This is a great bearing plant, which in its interior can accommodate many microorganisms endófitos. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans are bacteria endófitas bound nitrogen-fixing atmospheric present in the root, stem and leaves of this plant. Xanthomonas albilineans is also a bacterium endófita obliged not diazotrofa and pathogenic, causing the main cane vascular disease called leaf scald. The characteristic symptom of this disease is a line blanco-amarillenta following the direction of the main ribs of the sheet, so that the width of this sheet may increase and affect the full hour, which is deseca and necrosa. In advanced stages of the disease, the organism produces a exudate gomoso type xantano that obtura the vascular bundles. In recent years, many groups have investigated the possibility of the existence of a biological control of this disease. The culture medium of Gluconacetobacter has isolated a protein that shows a fraction of the growth inhibitory activity of Xanthomonas, demonstrating that this protein fraction containing a glycosylated protein with activity lisozina probably responsible for the biological action against the pathogen. For the first time, this lysozyme has been purified and characterized biochemically based educational d liquids Gluconacetobacter eleven days (estimated time as the biggest production), obtaining a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 11 kDa, as temperature and pH optimum reacicón corresponds to values of 22 ° C and 8, respectively, being their Km 1.33 mg bacteria mL - 1. In addition, it was found using segments of stems and leaf tissues cane, which Gluconacetobacter is able to synthesize and secrete lysozyme in this plant. It has been shown by electrophoretic analysis that X.albilineans produces and releases xantanos within tissues parenchymatous stalks of sugar cane, but not in additional growth media with different carbon sources. G.diazotrophicus prevents the production of these polysaccharides when both microorganisms coexist in the tissues of sugarcane. It has also been observed that the glycoproteins of high and medium molecular weight obtained from stalks of cane juices seem to have a positive effect on the production and secretion of lysozyme, possibly a result of a cascade effect caused by the union of these to these receptors on the wall of the microorganism, as has been demonstrated through testing and microscopic visualization of fluorescence that both fractions flicoproteicas are able to join by its domain plisacarídico (consisting of a chain of fructosas to which join units galactitol through links ether ) to the domain polipeptídico of purified bacterial receptors for affinity chromatography. Similar studies were conducted in two other species bacterial sendóflitas cane: H.rubrisubalbicans and X.albiliineans, which allowed us to find out that the union between glycoproteins cane and recipients in the different pathogenic bacteria found in diazotrofos where recipients glycoproteins bind to the plant through a link fuctosil beta-1 ,2-fructosa. However, the recipients of bacteres pathogenic joined by his mastery peptídico to plant glycoproteins through links ether. Finally, since there are numerous studies microscopic localization Gluconacetobacter within sugarcane, but however, little is known about the exact location of X.albilineans was trying to locate it by microscopic techniques in cane leaves . By microscopy electric transmission have been detected bacterial clusters, possibly cells X.albilineans in the phloem leaf variety Barbados 42-231 inoculated and 8 manteni 48d in their greenhouse for 7 days, whereas only isolated bacteria were found in and in the phloem cells of the leaf sheath of the variety Mayari 55-14 inoculated and kept in the same conditions. Therefore, it appears that Barbados 42-231 could be susceptible to a variety colonization of the bacteria, while Mayari 55-14 a variety resistant to leaf scald. At present there are no known chemical or biological controls for leaf scald. Therefore, the commercial production of bacteriocina produced by G.diazotrophicus could be considered a possible mechanism for biological control of the disease in those producing countries who suffer great losses due to the action of this pathogen.

Author: MONTESINOS TORRES DANIEL.
Year: 2006.
University: VALENCIA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES SOBRE DESERTIFICACIÓN-CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV).

Summary: Dioecy is and extremely significant character on Juniperus thurifera biology. Male and female trees modify their surrounding environment differently, creating sex-specific spatial population structures and population dynamics. Differences in reproductive costs of males and females generates different resource use trade-offs, well differenced physiological and functional strategies and even differences between reproductive cycles of both sexes. Variation in resource availability modifies reproductive efficacy of males and females differently: males use available resources immediately, distributing additional resources among many different biological functions; females, on the other hand, often store most of the available resources, showing a long-term strategy which enables them to optimize the compromise between present reproductive efficacy and future survival. Females control the final success of the reproductive process and their response to environmental changes, like global warming, is therefore critical.