GENERAL BOTANY

Author: ESCORIAL BONET M. CONCEPCIÓN.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: In this Doctoral Thesis has been reproduced under controlled conditions in the laboratory the process of degradation suffered by the timber in situations underwater, by the deterioration of a substrate ligneous Pinus sylvestris L.por action of biological and chemical agents and subsequent saturation complete with water. The study of the changes brought about in the structure, chemical composition and physical properties of the substrate in the process identified more reliable parameters for obtaining equations estimated percentage of mass loss with which to quantify the deterioration of archaeological pieces of wood saturated with water. The validity of these equations are found by consolidating archaeological samples with polietilen glycol and they got two useful functions for the treatment of this type of timber estimated that the rate of mass loss by the total volumetric shrinkage and retention the product according to the mass loss of archaeological sample. KEYWORDS: Degradation, madera-saturada-de-agua, polietilen-glicol.

Author: CARAZO MONTIJANO MARIA MATILDE.
Year: 2003.
University: JAÉN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: We present a catalog bibliographic vascular plants that grow in southern Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula, indicating the presence in the provinces of Albacete, Almeria, Badajoz, Cadiz, Ciudad Real, Cordoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaen, Malaga and Seville. For each taxon considered include biological and distribution model, it has developed a distribution itself. In the case of Jaen and parts of surrounding provinces included in the map 1:400.000 (Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cordoba and Granada) we have prepared a document setting out the citations and their biogeographic distribution considering the herbarium sheets examined JAEN.

Author: ORTUÑO MOYA ISABEL.
Year: 2003.
University: JAÉN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: It presents a list of 463 taxa of vascular plants using popular in the territory (270 km. Square) two municipalities enclaves in the Southwest of the province of Jaen. It is located in the mountains béticas with substrates of limestone, marl dolomites and limestones. The urban centers of rainfall varies between 600 and 900 mm annually and the altitudes ranging between 600 and 1,800 meters above sea level. The climate is Mediterranean with stop plant activity in August, heat, and December (Los Villares) or December, January and February (Valdepeñas) Cold. The activity is agriculture, mainly olive tree cultivation and livestock, especially goats and sheep. The average age of respondents was 60 years, the majority are male and are engaged in agriculture. Our catalog belong to 113 different families. The total number of vernacular names collected is 1034, of which more than 65% appear as the new peer-reviewed literature. The number of different uses popular is 262. More than half of the plants mentioned are eaten by animals. Plants with more uses are chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), thyme (Thymus matichima subsp. Mastichina), fennel (Foeniculum piperitum) and alucema (Lavandula latifolia). The plants with medicinal uses are more chamomile, zajareña (Sideritis hirsuta), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and poleo (Mentha pulegium).

Author: CASADO PONCE DAMIAN.
Year: 2003.
University: JAÉN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: We present a floristic study and ethnobotanical High Guadalquivir in the area of the Countryside of Jaen. It has recognized a total of 832 taxa (accounting for 32 per cent of the flora in the province of Jaen) of which 27 are endemic Iberian. We collect what appear 12 new appointments to the province, four of them new to eastern Andalusia. There will always be a study of the taxa found at the location of the sheet and a map for some distribution in the province of Jaen and surrounding provinces. Likewise, maps are made of similarity between different areas, as well as relations biogeographic boundaries. In aparatdo of ethnobotany, cited 260 taxa whose use is divided into medicinal uses, food uses, uses craft and other uses. More than 50 percent of these taxa are used as a medicinal remedy. Add a list of names of the taxa vernacular used in ethnobotany.

Author: BENITO ALONSO JOSÉ LUIS.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO PIRENIACO DE ECOLOGÍA, CSIC, DE JACA (HUESCA, ESPAÑA).

Summary: This thesis comprises a catalog of the vascular flora and vegetation of the Ordesa National Park and Monte Perdido (Sobrarbe, Huesca Pyrenees Central), in order to have the information needed to make recommendations-scientific basis for sound management and conservation the plant biodiversity of the enclave. The work is divided into five chapters: 1-INTRODUCTION. It takes a look at the background botanists, defines the study area, we do an introduction to geology, to climia (with special emphasis to the study of the investment thermal) and the history of this territory, and addresses the influence they have had various uses made by the man (ranchers, forestry and water facilities) on the Park and the expansion of the same. 2-CATALOG FLORÍSTICO. This is a critical relationship, orderly and thorough of all taxa of vascular plant in the national park, with synonymies, relationship localities, altitudinal range, how vital corología, distribution maps UTM grid with a square kilometer, commentary ecological and fitosociológico, level of abundance and figures of legal protection. At the end are performed various synthesis floristic. 3-VEGETATION. It is a description critical, thorough and orderly, with fitosociológica classification of all plant communities present in the National Park. In each discussed synonymy, ecology, floristic composition, aspectros biological and corológico, distribution, variability, sintaxonomía, figures of legal protection, their inclusion in any habitat of Community and corresponding tables inventories. It has been described to science 24 new plant communities. A final synthesis of plant communities, habitats of Community and outline sintaxonómico. 4-LANDSCAPE PLANT. We shall now proceed to the description of vegetation landscape units, both for height levels for physiographic units, taking into account the ecological dynamics and distribution. It provides a vegetation map of the park and its current peripheral area at 1:40.000. 5-CONSERVATION. The final chapter provides an analysis of flora threatened by studying in greater depth 11 species. For each makes a diagnosis, it gives their legal status, their distribution as accurately as possible, its ecology, census and provides recommendations for its conservative management. It also analyzes 12 areas susceptible to pressure from tourism or special interest to botanists, where impacts are identified, listed species and plant communities protected, endemic, rare or sensitive, and proposes actions to minimize impacts. Finally raised about global management measures for the entire park.

Author: MERLE FARINÓS HUGO.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRÓNOMOS.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: Currently there are different classification schemes to Citrus L. Two of the most important are, first of the Swingle and Reece (1967) which states that gender is composed of 16 species, and on the other side of the T. Tanaka (1977), believes that the differences between varieties sufficiently stable to be considered as different species, giving a total of 162 species. In this paper addresses the problem taxonomic about eighteen cultivars of Citrus genre of great importance in the Spanish citricultura: Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb (Lane-Late, Navelate, Navelina, Valencia, Salustiana), Citrus reticulata Blanco (Fina , Clemenules, Oroval, Oronules, Hernandina, Arrufatina Marisol. Clemenpons, Loretina), Citrus unshiu Marc K. (Okitsu, Owari), hybrids (C.tangerine Hort.x C. Clementina Hort ex Tan), and (x C Orlando Tangelo . Clementina Hort ex Tan). The objectives of this research include morphological characterization of eighteen varieties, characterization phytochemistry, both of essential oil from the fruits, and the essential oil from the leaves and study of the genetic diversity of crops, species and hybrids through AFLPs. All this focus on obtaining a taxonomic classification of these varieties and their phylogenetic relationships. Samples of plant material (flowers, fruit, leaves and buds) come from adult trees Bank Germplasm Citrus Valencian Institute of Agricultural Research (IVIA), located on Moncada (Valencia). The morphometric parameters of the flower, leaf and fruit are selected based on the descriptors to Citrus from the International Plant Genetic Resource Institute (IPGRI, 2004). These morphological characters are expanded with new taxonomic characters especially important. The essential oil from the rind of the fruit is extracted by cold pressing method, while the essential oil of the leaf is obtained through hidrodestilación. To identify compounds of the essential oil is used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The DNA extraction is carried out according to a modification of the method of Doyle and Doyle, 1990, from young shoots. Later this material is analyzed using markers AFLPs, for the study of genetic variability. Data obtained from morphological characterizations, phytochemicals and undergo genetic multivariate statistical analysis (Principal Component Analysis -PCA- and Cluster analysis, applying distances euclideas). The numerical analysis of the data allows us to support the taxonomic classification of Citrus as R. W. Hodgson (19679, where cultivars studied belong to three species: Citrus: C.sintesis [L.] Osb. (Sweet oranges), C.clementina Hort.ex Tan. (Mandarins) and Citrus unshiu Marc (satsumas). Hypothesis the Swingle, which provides satsumas within the species C.reticulata White, is completely ruled out. Cultivars of this group (Owari and Okitsu) form a distinct species whose origin is certainly before the group of clementines. Study of the hybrid allows support the hypothesis that the group of clementines form a kind apart Clementine Citrus hort ex Tan, the group of mandarins common (C.reticulada White). loa As a result of above provides the following proposal systematically for the 18 varieties studied: * Citrus unshiu Marc (Satsumas): Owari, Okitsu. Citrus sinensis * [L.] Osb (sweet orange): Valencia, Salustiana, Navelina, Navelate, Lane-late. Clementine Citrus * Hort ex Tan. (Clementines) : Fine, Clemenules, Oroval, Oronules 8, Hernan 370 dina, Arrufatina, Marisol, Clemenpons, Loretina. * Hybrids: Fortune: C.reticulada White cv. Dancy.x C.clementina Hort ex Tan. Nova: Orlando Tangelo x C. clementina Hort ex Tan.

Author: ANTONI ZOPPAS BARBARA CATARINA DE.
Year: 2005.
University: LEÓN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.
Place of preparation: CC. NATURALES (BRASIL).

Summary: Of the entire spectrum of microorganisms present in the atmosphere, the fungal spores represent the largest group, contándose thousands in the air samples analyzed. The atmospheric concentration of spores in variable from one place to another, being influenced by the climate and vegetation, among other factors. In this paper we sought to catalog and quantify fungal elements present in the atmosphere in the city of Caxias do Sul, the analysis of ingluencia of meteorological factors in the prevalence of fungal flora local and the creation of a data bank aeromicológicos and meteorology for further implementation in the fields of environmental technology (human pathology, pathology animal, plant pathology, anticipated collections, etc.). The collection of spores air has been carried out using a device volume suction type Hirst (model Burkard) and the methodology used for analysis was recommended by the Spanish Red Aerobiology (REA), was subsequently identified and are fungal structures the optical microscope. The study was conducted for two years and noted that the total concentration of fungal spores recorded in the atmosphere of the city was high, introducing some seasonality. Many of these spores are widely distributed throughout the world. The 41 genera and families were grouped into types identified: Ascomycetes, Basidiomicetes, Anamorfos of the two previous groups, Myxomycetes and Oomycetes, including 23 genera / type families constitute more than 97% of total spores collected, from which selected 18 for inclusion in the 1Â º Calendar fungal being done in Brazil. Among the most frequent rates can be highlighted: Cladosporium, Coprinus, Leptosphaeria / Fusarium, Aspergillus / penicillium and Ganoderma. In this city of Brazil, the tropical climate seasonal mixing heat and humidity, at different times of the year, it is suitable for the development of these fungal species. Moreover, the presence of abundant trees and gardens, regulatory nature saprófito and parasite of many fungi, which are capable of living in a large number of plant species. Similarly, agriculture and animal husbandry are important substrates for species of plant pathogenic fungi. The large number of existing grasses in Caxias do Sul explain not only the presence of Cladosporium, taxon more frequent, but others such as Alternaria, Curvularia, Pithomyces and Epicoccum. Given the many variables that influence the occurrence of fungal spores and structures in nature, and accordingly, their dispersion in the atmosphere, continuing studies in this region can provide an important tool to monitor the changes as they occur, facilitating crisis prevention allergic people with high levels of hypersensitivity to these agents, in addition to the use of such data in the most varied areas of interest in which these elements interfere with unwanted effects.

Author: JUVENA KEGLER RAMOS ADELAIDE.
Year: 2005.
University: LEÓN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.

Author: DIESEL SUZETE.
Year: 2005.
University: LEÓN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.
Place of preparation: UN IVERSIDAD DE LEON.

Author: WASUM RONALDO ADELFO.
Year: 2005.
University: LEÓN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.

Summary: THIS MEMORY DOCTORAL GENERAL PURPOSE IS AWARE, THROUGH THE METHODOLOGY USED THE FLORA OF THE BASIN HIDROGRÁFICA DEL RIO CAÍ, AS WELL AS THE SERIES OF VEGETATION AND BIOCLIMATOLOGÍA TERRITORIAL AND HOW TO IDENTIFY SPECIFIC TARGET SPECIES NATIVAS, WHICH MAY BE USED IN DRAFT REFORESTAMIENTO AND / OR ENRICHMENT. AIM IS IN ADDITION TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATION OF AREAS, WHERE CAN BE VIABILIZADOS PROGRAMS OF CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION, WHICH ARE BEING ESTUDIADOS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION IN THIS BASIN HIDROGRÁFICA. THE AREA OF STUDY IS APPLICABLE TO THE BASIN HIDROGRÁFICA RIVER CAÍ SE LOCALIZA ON THE RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL, INTEGRANDO THE BACÍA HIDROGRÁFICA OF GUAÍBA AND UNDERSTANDING AN AREA 5.057,25 KM2. BETWEEN THE EXTENDED LATITUDES OF 29Â º 06 'And 30Â º AND LENGTH 50Â º 24' And 51Â º 40 'WEST. LIMITED TO THE EAST AND SOUTH TO THE RIVER BASIN TWO SINOS AND THE NORTH AND WEST WITH THE BASIN HIDROGRÁFICA OF RIVERS TAQUARÍ-ANTAS. FOR GETTING THE DATA IS UTILIZÓ THE METHODOLOGY FOR SCHOOL SIGMATISTA OF ZÃRICH MONTPELLIER. COMORESULTADO OF OUR WORK IS ELABORÓ A CATALOG FLORÍSTICO RECONOCIÉNDOSE THE PRESENCE OF 747 SPECIES DISTRIBUTED IN 412 GÉNEROS And 129 FAMILIES. CONTRIBUYERON FOR THIS CHANGE FLORÍSTICA THE GREAT HETEROGENEIDAD SPACE ON THE MARGINS OF AND THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PERTURBACIÓN CAUSED BY THE INTERFERENCE ANTRÓPICA. AMONG FAMILIES CITED ASTERACEAE, IS WITH MAYOR STRESSES NUMBER OF SPECIES, 101, DISTRIBUTED IN 52 GÉNEROS, AT ITS SMALL MAJORITY HERBÁCEAS AND SHRUBS, SEGUIDA BY POACEAE WITH 72 species, 35 GÉNEROS And CYPERACEAE WITH 41 SPECIES AND 11 GÉNEROS. SE CITAN FOR THE FIRST TIME THE FOLLOWING UNITS FITOSOCIOLÓGICAS: ALLIANCES: Mimoso bimucronatae - Myrcion multiflorae, Myrsinion umbellato - ferruginae; ASSOCIATIONS: Podocarpo lambertii -Araucarietun angustifoliae, Casearietum decandrae-sylvestris, Mimosetum scabrellae, Rollinio sylvaticae-chusquetum ramosissimae, Byttnerio australio, Phyllanthi sellowiani - Calliandretum tweedii and Mimoso bimucronatae-Myrciarietum multiflorae AND COMMUNITIES OF Polygonum acuminatum And Pontederia lanceolata, COMMONWEALTH OF Rhynchospora brasiliensis and Eryngium ebracteatum AND COMMUNITY Bulbostylis capillaris And Andropogon lateralis AND COMMUNITY Mimosa incana RECOGNIZED FOR THE STUDY OF THE FOLLOWING AREA SERIES OF VEGETATION :) SERIES CLIMATÓFILA MESOTROPICAL PULVIAR HIPERHÚMDA RIO-GRANDENSE ALTIPLANO ACIDÓFILA OF Araucaria angustifolia (Podocarpo lambertii-Araucario angustifoliae-sigmetum). B) SERIES EDAFOHIGRÓFILA TERMOTROPICAL OF Salix humboldtiana (Salico humboldtianae sigmetum.) C) SERIES EDAFOHIGRÓFILA TERMOTROPICAL OF Phyllanthus sellowianus - Calliandra tweedii (Phyllanthi sellowiani - Calliandro tweedii. Sigmetum)

Author: SCUR LUCIANA.
Year: 2005.
University: LEÓN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.

Summary: THE GOAL OF THIS REPORT IS DOCTORAL CONTRIBUTE TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF DYNAMIC "FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA" THROUGH THE STUDY FLORÍSTICO And FITOSOCIOLOGICO OF VEGETATION. AIM IS WELL AWARE OF THE STAGES SUCESIONALES INITIAL, IS, AND THEIR REPLACEMENT OF GRASSLAND FORMATIONS OF "CAPOEIRA" IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CAXÍAS DO SUL, RIO GRANDE DO SUL (BRAZIL). THE TERRITORY OF THE STUDY IS SITÚA IN PLANALTO RIOGRANDENSE APROXIMADAMENTE AMONG MERIDIANOS 51Â º 303 AND 51Â º 00 'THIS AND CONCURRENT 28Â º 15' And 29Â º 30 'SOUTH, WITH PREDOMINIO CLIMATE OF TROPICAL SEMI-HÚMEDO AND PLUVIOSIDAD MEAN 1821 MM / YEAR. THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS SITÚA AROUND 15.9 Â ° C ALTITUDE AND THE MEDIA OF THE AREA OF STUDY IS 750 MSNM STUDIES FLORÍSTICOS WERE MADE FROM MATERIAL BOTANICAL RECOLETADO IN THE AREA OF STUDY, DULY IDENTIFICADO And REFERENCIADO WITH SPECIALIZED LITERATURE. ONCE KNOWN THE FLORA OF LAND, SE PROCEDIO TO ADJOURNMENT OF INVENTORIES FITOSOCIOLÓGICOS FOLLOWING THE SCHOOL SIGMATISTA OF ZURICH-MONTPELLIER Or BRAUN-BLANQUETISTA (BRAUN-BLANQUET & PAVILLARD, 1928; BRAUN- BLANQUET, 1979, GEHÚ & RIVAS-MARTINEZ , 1982). FROM STUDY FLORÍSTICO SE ESTABLECIÓ A CATALOG FLORÍSTICO, PRINCIPALLY HERBÁCEOY ARBUSTIVO WITH 913 TAXONES BELONGING TO 121 FAMILIES OF SPERMATOPHYTA And PTERIDOPHYTA. OF ALL OF THEM, 25 OF THE SPECIES RECOLECTADAS IN THE AREA OF STUDY IS CITAN IN THE RED LIST OF ENDANGERED AND FLOWERS IN ADDITION, ONE OF THE TAXONES RECOLECTADOS WAS USED AS PARATIPO FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES MIMOSA SULPHUREA, NEW SPECIES TO THE REGION . IN THE STUDY FITOSOCIOLÓGICO OF VEGETATION IS DESCRIBE THE TWO NEW PARTNERSHIPS FOR CHARACTER ARBUSTIVO: ESCALONIO BIFIDAE-BACCHARIDETUM DRACUNCULIFOLIAE And ANDROPOGONO LATERALES-BACCHARIDETUM UNCINELLAE, INCLUDED IN THE CLASSROOM ANDROPOGONO BICORNIS-BACCHARIDETEA GENISTELLOIDES BOLOS, CERVI & HATSCHBACH (1991), SECTOR RIOGRANDENSE - PLATEAU FOR THE PROVINCE PARANAENSE DE LA REGION BRASILEÑO-PARANAENSE OF SUBREINO NEOTROPICAL THE KINGDOM NEOTROPICAL AUSTROAMERICANO. SE DESCRIBIO A NEW CLASS: AXONOPO COMPRESSI-PASPALETEA NOTATI ON COURSES CAMPESTRES LOCATED IN THE PISO MESOTROPICAL WET SECTOR RIOGRANDENSE-ALTIPLANO OF THE PROVINCE PARANAENSE DE LA REGION BRASILEÑO-PARANAENSE OF SUBREINO TROPICAL THE KINGDOM NEOTROPICAL AUSTROAMERICANO. AS ITS MEMBERSHIP FLORÍSTICA VARÍA PROPERTIES OF THE LAND, THE HUMIDITY OF THE SAME AND MANAGEMENT OF PASTOREO AND FIRE. BY THAT WERE LISTED FOR THIS NEW CLASS 3 ALLIANCES AND 6 ASSOCIATIONS NEW. IN ADDITION TO THESE COURSES ARE VERY FREQUENTLY IN DEPRESIONES, AMONG COLINAS, VEGETATION PALUSTRE WITH ONE OR MORE MINOR ACCUMULATION OF WATER. COMMUNITIES THAT ARE COMPRENDEN "FIELDS MOIST" THAT HAVE BEEN INCLUDED IN A NEW CLASS: ERYNGIO PANDANIFOLIAE.RHYNCHOSPORETEA POLIANTEA WITH AN ALLIANCE AND TWO NEW PARTNERSHIPS. FOR THE TERRITORY, SE DESCRIBIERON, JUNTAMENTE WITH RAMOS, FOLLOWING THE SERIES OF VEGETATION: 1 .- SERIES CLIMATÓFILA MESOTROPICAL PLUVIAL-HIPERHÚMEDA RIOGRANDENSE-ALTIPLANO ACIDÓFILA OF ARAUCARIA ANGUSTIFOLIA (PODOCARPO LAMBERTII-ARAUCARIO ANGUSTIFOLIAE S.) 2-SERIES CLIMATÓFILA MESOTROPICAL PLUVIAL HÚMEDA- HIPERHÚMEDA RIGRANDENSE-ALTIPLANO ACIDÓFILA OF SCHEFFLERA MOROTONI And EUGENIA ROSTRIFOLIA (EUGENIO ROSTRIFOLIAE-SCHEEFFERO MOROTONIAE S.) 3 .- SERIES CLIMATÓFILA TERMOTROPICAL PLUVIAL RIOGRANDENSE-ALTIPLANO ACIDÓFILA OF JACARANDA MICRANTHA And PATAGONULA MAERICANA (JACARANDO MICRANTHAE-PATAGONULO AMERICANAE S.)

Author: HERNÁNDEZ TREJO FERNANDO.
Year: 2005.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: It has analyzed the content of fungal propagules (essentially spores and hyphae) aerovagantes, in the atmosphere of the city of Merida, using a sensor with volumetric methodology Hirst, for two full years (1997-1998). The results include information about the daily and hourly distribution. It has identified a total of 154 kinds of propagules from a count of 733342 propagules during the two years of sampling, which have been analyzed in detail 54 (13 conidia, 19 basidiósporas, 10 ascóporas, 6 teliósporas, 1 spore of mixomicet, 1 esporangióspora, 2 propagules vegetative, 1 algae clorococal, 1 propágulo undefined (). rates were more frequent in order of importance: Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, Clitocybe, Hifas, Alternaria, Ustilago cynodontis, Ustilago maydis, Coprinus micaceus, Custingopnora and Comprinus domesticus. highest concentration appears in September (over 7500 propagules per cubic meter), the minimum concentrations appear in December (over 700 propagules per cubic meter). 17 types have a single period of major dispersal, 11 types Two major periods of dispersion and 8 kinds three major periods of dispersion, 9 types do not have any pattern. regard to the distribution time by 15% of the types presented scattering day, a 9% dispersion of dawn, a 7, 4% dispersion afternoon and a 5.5% dispersion night. has been the annual results compared with the methodology of sampling period, the temperature is the factor that most shows correlation, followed by the relative humidity and wind speed and direction.

Author: MILLANES ROMERO ANA MARÍA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: The disease's carbon sugar cane is caused by the fungus basidiomicete Ustilago scitaminea Syd. The plants in general and sugarcane (Saccharum spp) in particular have developed various defense mechanisms to combat invasion by pathogenic organisms. Although some writers have speculated on the possibility that the resistance to coal exhibited by some cultivars of sugar cane can be related to the structure of buds, there is evidence that resistance is based on chemistry rather than morphological. A large number of molecules involved in the defense mechanisms of the plants, but among them, the proteins play a predominant role. Specifically, sugar cane produces two disparate groups of glycoproteins that has been described as high-glycoproteins (HMMG) and medium (MMMG) molecular weight. Both factions have been considered as factors of resistance to the disease because: increase in the games cane resistant cultivars after inoculation with pathogens, decreasing susceptible cultivars, and have demonstrated ability to inhibit the germination of teliosporas U . scitaminea. It has studied the implications of these glycoproteins in the degree of resistance or susceptibility of three cultivars of sugar cane, defined according to their response to the disease: resistant (Mayari 55-14), moderately susceptible (Jaronú 60-5) and highly susceptible (Barbados 42-231). Simultaneously have investigated the mechanisms of action of glycoproteins cane they were linked to the role of these molecules in the defense against pathogenic fungi. Among these mechanisms are the behavior as a lectin, the ability to develop arginase activity and quitinasa and involvement in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton of the polarization of the telioporas pathogen. This polarization represents an essential step before the spore germination and consequently it is necessary for the development of pathogenic by the fungus. The interaction of glycoproteins cane with the pathogen U.scitaminea were extremely complex and involve different mechanisms of action, backed by different glicorpoteinas. In general, the greater the resistance grow Mayari 55-14 with the disease is related coal with a high degree of heterogeneity in its endowment proteomics, which translates into a broader spectrum of response to a hypothetical attack by the fungus. The cultivar resistant increases the expression of the enzyme quitinasa after inoculation and presents arginase of constitutively. In addition, this cultivar glycoproteins induce the release of protein substances by the pathogen, which could act as elicitores the defense response, inhibiting the polarization of telioporas and show a high degree of affinity for a remaining N-actilglucosamina of recipients wall U.scitmainea. At the ultrastructural level, the slightest resistance grow Barbados 42-231, is reflected in the severity of the damage to the buds, leaves and stems of the plant after experimental infection with the fungus fitopatógeno.

Author: ROYO PLA FERRAN JOSEP.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: This thesis is a floristic study, and phytogeographical fitosociológico a territory of 1,300 km2, halfway between the Valencian Country and Principat de Catalunya. In the first paragraphs on the physical environment, describes the physical space where the territory studied, the geological, hydromorphological and soil and the climate. It also examines human intervention, both from the standpoint of historical occupation of the territory as its impact on the landscape and the dominant vegetation. Finally, it affects those figures protection available spaces or certain species that are in it. The second paragraph corresponds to the floristic study and phytogeographical and includes a catalog. In each of the taxa, which have been found directly or indirectly presence in the territory, indicating the areas and the environments in which they grow and accompanies a map of distribution. This map uses, such as modular units, UTM grids of 10 km of hand, which has indicated the presence of different taxa, as well as their state of naturalness. They involve 1,665 taxa considered fully naturalized, 1,549 of which have been observed by the author; part, we should add 32 hybrids. In addition 191 taxa have no more of a full degree of naturalness, but if they have their own entry in the catalog. Likewise, it is considered that the references identified in 120 taxa were unsafe or wrong. In drafting the top floristic provided an essential tool, a database containing approximately 82,000 records. It has carried out a compilation of popular names premises (1,232) for taxa included in the catalog. The element corológico mostly represented is the Mediterranean which, when viewed in the narrow sense, includes the 49.11% of the flora, whereas if referred broadly reaches 60.51%. The taxonomic spectrum, the most remarcablae is the high presence of monocotyledons (20.77%) and the lowest relevance pteridófitos (1.15%) and gymnosperms (0.48%). The study of life forms the group most represented are terófitos (36.78%), followed by hemicriptófitos (29.05%). The study of vegetation have been recognized communities belonging to 28 classes fitosociológicas and presents inventories 189 associations, which have been developed tables 178. Moreover, mentan 15 other associations, most referrals come from outside, and if they are their own, they could not raise any inventory. Below the level of partnership, part of the subasociaciones typical, listed 74 subasociaciones more. The number of inventory included in the tables is 1,357, of whom 335 have been incorporated from other authors. There are still 42 inventories own associations that do not have inventory table and appearing on the general text of paragraph vegetation. The variability fitosociológica described so far showed us insufficient to reflect the complexity exists. This made it necessary to describe new units sintaxonómicas basically associations and subasociaciones. It proposes 7 associations, 12 subasociaciones and 3 variants new, plus 3 combinations nomenclaturales new, much delas which (4 associations, 3 subasociaciones, 1 variant and 1 combination of nomenclature) are in the order Thero-Brachypodietalia. The landscape plant, despite the presence of the interior and mountain areas of the river Ebro that allow the development of many communities eurosiberinas, is dominated by a set of clear vocation communities Mediterranean or submediterránea.

Author: CABEZAS FUENTES FRANCISCO JOSÉ.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: REAL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO DE MADRID.

Summary: It presents the top of the Bromeliaceae family, Strelitziaceae, Velloziaceae, Musaceae, Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, Cannaceae, Marantaceae, Commelinaceaer, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Eriocaulaceae and Xyridaceae of Equatorial Guinea. This catalog is based on a study of 1423 samples of herbal and relies on a database of previous appointments that stores 1092 records. The catalog consists of 13 families and 48 genera which include 227 taxa. The territory is more diverse Rio Muni with 174 species, followed by the islands of Bioko with 121 and Annobon 24. Keys has been made for identifying all taxa of the families mentioned in Equatorial Guinea. The catalog floristic of Equatorial Guinea is enhanced considerably. As compared to the Flora of West tropicar Africa, the number of species of Zingiberaceae increases by 285%, from Costaceae a 333% or that of a 114% Commelinaceae. In families where the catalog was published during the reporting process, there has been an increase of similar species from 271% in the top of the Marantaceae and 231% for Cyperaceae.

Author: OLIVÁN MARTÍNEZ GISELA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: It presents a review for the Iberian Peninsula of the species group Calliergon-Scorpidium-Drepanocladus (CSD), as its traditional constituency, standard family Amblystegiaceae, and located today in genres Calliergon, Calliergonella, Drepanocladus, Hamatacaulis, Sanionia, Scoprodium, Straminergon and Warnstorfía. Also included in this review to Hydrohypnum, because of their historical relationship with the CSD and the group they belonged to some species of this genus to the new family Calliergonaceae, along with members of the group CSD. In view of the unclear and unstable taxonomy of the family Amblystegiaceae have also conducted phylogenetic analysis in order to assist in clarifying the phylogenetic relationships of this family and get almost filogenias increasingly disposed to serve as a foundation for carrying further ratings more natural that traditionally used. It reconstruct the phylogeny of the family Calliergonaceae based on molecular and morphological characters. There are two major groups monofiléticos within that family, one consisting of Hamatocaulis and Scorpidium, and the other by Calliergon, Loeskypnum, Straminergon and Warnstorfia. Our results do not show the necessary support for the inclusion of Hygrohypnum ochraceum in the family Calliergonaceaer, as suggested by previous work, but it belonged to the next of kin would be, with high probability, gender Hamatocaulis and Scorpidium. It also builds the phylogeny of the genus Hygrohypnum based on molecular characteristics. Only Hygrohypnum luridum and H.styriacum appear to be family members Amblystegiaceae s.stf. While the remaining species of the genus are grouped into three broths, with a good statistical support, which appear to be associated in any way with members of the family Calliergonaceae. It provides a description of the newly circumscribed family Calliergonaceae and a key to identifying the 9 species of the family present in the Iberian Peninsula, which belong to the genus Calliergon, Hamatocaulis, Scoprodium, Straminergon and Warnstorfia. We also provide detailed descriptions, illustrations, photographs of the peristomas and spores made with scanning electron microscopy, habitat descriptions and maps of distribution of these species in the Iberian Peninsula. It also evaluates the degree of threat in the study area. It also provides identification keys, detailed descriptions, illustrations, photographs to the scanning electron microscope, habitat descriptions, distribution maps and evaluation of the degree of threat on the Iberian peninsula of the species group CSD outside the new family Calliergonaceae this is, of the species within the genus Calliergonella, Drepanocladus and Sanionina as well as species hygrohyupnum present in the Iberian Peninsula. It has studied the variability of certain morphological characters of 60 sintipos of Hygrohypnum ochkraceum, and has chosen a lectotipo between them.

Author: DEVIS ORTEGA JOAN.
Year: 2006.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Author: BUSTOS DELGADO INMACULADA.
Year: 2006.
University: CÓRDOBA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: Knowledge of the fungal spores present in various environments presents a great interest because these agents are responsible, on numerous occasions, in different pathologies in this case on forests. This work is carried out a study of fungal taxa found in the atmosphere of the Parque Natural de la Sierra Hornachuelos (Córdoba). The different taxa have been identified from the preparations obtained over three years through a sensor sampling rate Hirst. The main objectives of this work has been to develop a catalog of fungal spores in the atmosphere National Park, known seasonal variation in the concentration of major spores, check the influence of different weather factors on the contents of fungal spores in the air and determine the environmental quality of the area based on the fungal taxa identified and how they can affect the plant protection of the Mediterranean forest. The genera identified that appear most frequently are: Cladosporium, Coprinus, Ustilago, Diatrypaceaer, Spilocaea and Alternaria, these being 6 taxa, among the most abundant, which were repeated over the entire period. Although Hypoxylon and Diplodia are pathogens Quercus its scarce presence may indicate that the plant health status of the area, typical Mediterranean vegetation, generally enjoys good health. The results show that the meteorological parameters appear to influence the production, release, discharge rate and dispersal of spores. Finally, indicate that the knowledge about the contents of fungal spores in the air gives us important information about the biodiversity of certain fungal taxa in an area. The possibility of in the future with historical databases allow quantify possible changes over time, identify groups of taxa with a similar response and evaluate these data as bioindicators of the impact of climate change on biodiversity.