PLANT ECOLOGY

Author: SOSA DÍAZ TERESA.
Year: 2003.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS UEX..

Summary: The plants are subject to different types of stress, adversely affect their growth and survival. In response synthesize a wide range of compounds derived from secondary metabolism, which are allocated significant physiological and ecological functions. Cistus ladanifer secret by an abundant leaves and stems ooze formed by compounds derived from secondary metabolism, and thus the main objective of this thesis is to know what Doctoral roles played by these compounds in the plant and how to contribute to this species its competitiveness compared otrás . Of the ecological functions attributed to these compounds, the study has focused on the involvement of themselves as agents alelopáticos and antiherbívoros, becoming evident that C. Ladanifer is a kind allelopathic; compounds secreted by the exudate inhibit the germination and seedling development of herbaceous competing for the same resources. Importantly, that the soils associated with this species also inhibit genninación herbaceous and that aleloquímicos identified in the exudate entering the ground. The presence of these compounds in the soil enhances the potential of C. alelopático Ladanifer because the allelopathic compounds with activity are in the middle where they will exercise their action. On the other hand, activity antiherbívoro has been shown to demonstrate inhibition, by the constituents of ooze, the activity Ca2 +-ATPase of Reticulum Sarcoplasmático, enzyme involved in relajación-contracción of the muscle fibers. Therefore, there would be a barrier antiherbívoro in the leaves and stems of C. Ladanifer, on the other hand, would be more effective during the summer. This event is of great significance as it is in summer when the plants are subject to greater stress conditions and the attack by herbivores lead to damage hardly repairable by them.

Author: SOSA DÍAZ TERESA.
Year: 2003.
University: EXTREMADURA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS UEX.

Summary: The plants are subject to different types of stress, adversely affect their growth and survival. In response synthesize a wide range of compounds derived from secondary metabolism, in which you are allocated significant physiological and ecological functions. Cistus ladanifer secret by an abundant leaves and stems ooze formed by compounds derived from secondary metabolism, and for this the main objective of this thesis is to know what Doctoral roles played by these compounds in the plant and how to contribute to this species its competitiveness versus other . Of the ecological functions attributed to these compounds, the study has focused on the involvement of themselves as agents alelopáticos and antiherbívoros, becoming apparent that C.ladanifer is a kind allelopathic, compounds secreted by the exudate inhibit the germination and development seedlings herbaceous competing for the same resources. Importantly, that the soils associated with this species also inhibit the germination of herbaceous and that aleloquímicos identified in the exudate entering the ground. The presence of these compounds in the soil enhances the potential alelopático of C.ladanifer because the allelopathic compounds with activity are in the middle where they will exercise their action. On the other hand, activity antiherbívoro has been shown to demonstrate inhibition, by the constituents of ooze, the activity Ca2 +-ATPase of Reticulum Sarcoplasmático, enzyme involved in relajación-contracción of the muscle fibers. Therefore, there would be a barrier antiherbívoro in the leaves and stems of C.ladanifer, on the other hand, would be more effective during the summer. This event is of great significance as it is in summer when the plants are subject to greater stress conditions and the attack by herbivores lead to damage hardly repairable by them.

Author: RODRÍGUEZ ROILOA SERGIO.
Year: 2004.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The overall objective of this thesis is to verify experimentally, in this [onífera Fragaria vesca L. If the clonal growth, and more specifically, the degree of physiological integration of rametos, benefits and / or cost to the plants grow under different situations environmental heterogeneity. Also, this thesis aims to assess the capacity of Fragaria vesca L. To perceive the quality of habitat that is developed and thus be able to conduct a selective deployment of its rametos in environments most favorable habitat heterogeneous. With these objectives, this paper attempts to study the effect of integration on the plasticity, both physiological and morphological, Fragaria vesca L manifested in response to the heterogeneity of the environment, both in the distribution of resources, the presence of pollutants, or topography. These general objectives have been verified by conducting five experiments designed properly, and that more specific hypotheses raised. Specifically, this thesis aims [nts following objectives: 1) To determine the physiological effect of integration on the performance (in terms of photosynthetic activity, biomass production and survival) of rametos parent when rametos the underlying developed under different environmental conditions and representing varying degrees of stress as: shortage of essential resources, the presence of metallic contaminants or topographical constraints. 2) Study the potential benefits (in terms of photosynthetic activity, biomass and survival) reported that the integration of rametos of Fragaria vesca L. In the colonization of new habitats, especially when these represent stressful conditions such as water stress, stress lighting, copper toxicity in soils, soil serpentiniticos or topographical constraints. 3) To estimate the capacity of Fragaria vesca L. To perform a selective colonization of heterogeneous habitats through morphological responses that allow a site preferential their rametos in the environment, and avoid unfavorable. The most outstanding results of this thesis are summarized in the following conclusions: 1) Our studies confirm that the physiological integration gives a clear benefit in terms of survival and productivity, as well as photosynthetic efficiency, those rametos who begin their development, allowing the clonal system maintain its presence in less favorable habitat. Thus, the integration represents a mechanism to increase survival in stressful environments, with important implications for the process of natural selection. 2) The physiological integration between rametos grow in a heterogeneous environment would be beneficial for the entire clone. And these physiological benefits of integration on the clone are dependent on environmental context. 3) The rametos who begin their development, especially if they do so under stressful conditions, act as sinks assimilated increasing the photosynthetic activity of rametos parent that underlie them through a process of regulation "feedback" based on the assumption fuente-sumidero. This result answers to introduce a level of activity photochemistry in the concept of integration in physiologic clonal plants. 4) Our study demonstrates the ability of Fragaria vesca L. Selectively to colonize the environment in which it takes place, giving priority to the location of the new rametos in the most favorable habitat and avoiding the negative. 5) Fragaria vesca L. Exhibits morphological plasticity in seed production as a strategy to escape unfavorable habitat. 6) Our work shows the importance of the time factor in those experiments studying the responses of plants to clonal heterogeneity, and show how the activity of the plants on a habitat can reduce the heterogeneity of the same. At 8 yes, resp 37f uestas short term can not be extrapolated to longer term. 7) Fragaria vesca L. Sample morphological and physiological responses with the aim of an efficient exploitation of resources in a heterogeneous environment.

Author: CÁCERES AINSA MIQUEL DE.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA..
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: This thesis explores the numerical methodology for classifying communities plantas.Los data studied are pasture inventories mounted and sobalpinos and scrub formations, machines and forests mediterráneos.En first block of chapters deals with the structure and composition of communities estudio.Concretamente explores the diversity of the communities and the adequacy of sampling methodology cáculo the loyalty of the species databases, and the problems of discriminabilidad numerical between sintaxones.Un second block of inputs deals to study the classification methodology itself: We review and compare the methods of statistical analysis of groups of vegetation (algorithms, hierarchical aglomerativos, TWINSPAN, algorithms partitivos), we studied the effect it has on how to measure distances or proximity between inventories the analysis group, a new classification for analyzing vegetation groups based on the algorithm Possibilistic C-means, and discusses strategies weighting variable (species). Block that this final chapters devoted to computer applications desarrolladas.Entre them described the program QUERCUS, an editor data of vegetation, and GINKGO, a multivariate analysis program based on distintas.Finalmente presents a knowledge-based system called ARACUCARIA, which aims at determining automatic invetarios vegetation.

Author: BLANCO MORENO JOSÉ MANUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: The treatments for weed control resulting in a reduction in the use of herbicides by a restricted application in the stands. However, there are certain restrictions on the application of these new management practices arvenses herbs. In order to achieve effective control, infestations must submit stands well defmidos; stands should be stable over time and its effect on the crop has to be stable in space and time. These restrictions have worked in conjunction with the community Mixed Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Avena sterilis L. Crops of wheat, as it is the community arvense most widespread problem in cereal crops in the Northeast mainland. There was a stability of the competitive relationship between crop and weeds at the field, but not between years, since the effect competitive 1. Rigidum ranged fueliemente between years due to environmental conditions (mainly water availability). However, A. Sterilis was more competitive than 1. Rigidum between areas and between years. Both species have a different distribution pattern whose evolution depended on the species. Wide farm, A. Sterilis presented with a pattern of distribution stands well defined and stable in space. By contrast, 1. Rigidum initially did not present stands well defined, although the population evolved into a pattern stands defined with a clear spatial structure. However, during the study noted that A. AL sterilis shifted gradually. Rigidum. This shift is related to the higher competitiveness of A. Sterilis. At the level of detail, 1. Rigidum filed a structure consisting of bands of high and low density, whose maximum continuity was aligned with the direction of the operations of crop. A. Sterilis also showed more spatial continuity in the direction of the operations of the crop, but showed no pattern newspaper 1. Rigidum. The differences between species are related to the phenology and dispersion of each species. In 1. Rigidum the harvesters exerted a significant impact on their seeds, thus offering the pattern newspaper. For 1. Rigidum was established that different types of harvesters have an effect something different about the dispersal of its seeds. Through analysis of the scattering by a conventional combine harvester and a mincer with straw found that, regardless of the type of harvester, a large scattering of seeds, although most of the seeds are kept within the rodal "source" . In addition, the seeds dispersed suffered a major concentration under the line of straw generated by the harvester, which is determined by the pattern in bands 1. Rigidum. However, depending on the type of harvester, the rate of export of seeds outside the stand was different. The results of the study of the dispersion were used in the simulation of the dynamics of populations of 1. Rigidum. The results showed that the most effective mechanisms for controlling the population density are those that directly affect seed production. However, as the rate of expansion does not depend on demographic parameters, the stands of 1. Rigidum expand regardless of the control practices. We propose that the c 8 ontrol d 234 and the expansion of stands to be based on limited seed dispersal by the harvesters at the same time drastically reduce seed production.

Author: GONZÁLEZ ARIAS ANDER.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍA DE LA UPV/EHU.

Summary: This Doctoral thesis consists of two distinct parts. A-At first investigated the influence of acid deposition of ions in the return of nutrients in young plantations of Pinus radiata in the translocation as a contribution in the litter. This two plantations located at different levels of pollution during the study period occurred since the Petronor refinery located in the municipality. It is determined that the precipitation is neutralized in the tree canopy through leaching cation which react with the acid anions (SO4 2-and NO3). However, despite this neutralization of precipitation, soil acidification produces a significantly rising levels of aluminum in the aluminum in it. It is also proposed that the neutralization of rain affects significantly to the retranslocación cation from acículas snescentes found greater quantities and concentrations of these cations (Except potassium) in the litter from the most contaminated area. It is also estimated efficiency in the use of some nutrients (N, P, Ca) and check that the area is not contaminated uses calcium more efficiently to the contaminated area. B-Because the retranslocación nutrient assumes greater importance with the development of the cup from the trees, and this becomes more important with age, it was suggested the continuation of the sampling and the design of a study by the retranslocación plantation mature Pinus radiata. Alongside this work was to investigate the possibility observed rate rotorno nutrient and retranslocación in the woods semi Quercus robur adjacent to the plantation above. These two plots of the study were located in Bern, a suburb of the municipality of Zornota located in a highly industrialized area. Along the valley where the parcels are located sampling run Highway Bilbao and the National Highway N - 634 unites Bilbao with Donostia. Both ways of communication are characterized by a large influx of vehicles throughout the year. The plots are too close to an area of intensive livestock farming. Because of the latter two features inputs to the atmosphere of inorganic nitrogen were high with a consequent high deposition N.NO3- and N.NH4 + in the forests studied. In addition, we selected two other adjacent plots (one of q.robar and another P.radiata) away from the farm, in the district of Urjulueta located in the municipality of Manaria. The average annual contribution to the floor of the stands located cercarnos to the farm is about 50 kg ha-1 yr while in Urjulueta is 30 kg ha-1 año-1. It explores the return of nutrients through excretion and leaf litter in addition to the retranslocación of nutrients in both species. It notes that although the Efficiency in Using Foliar Nutrients (FNUE), which Efficiency in Retranslocación of Foliar Nutrients (FNRE) and Skill (proficiency) in Using Foliar Nutrients (FNUP) are similar. 1 - The leaves and acículas of trees near the farm are heavier and higher nutrient content. 2 - The acículas of pine trees near the farm completed their life cycle 5 months earlier than those of the distant pines. For these two reasons, among others, it is concluded that the high N deposition accelerates nutrient cycling and decreases efficiency in the use of nutrien 8 teas.

Author: HERAS PUÑAL PALOMA DE LAS.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: The study aims to find out how crucial is organized spatially biomass plant formations matoITalpresentes in an area of Mediterranean ambience Continental (Alcarria, central Spain), and their relationship with the variability biocenótica and plant diversity. The study will be addressed in two phases: first, there is a camcterización of vegetation, tipificándose their communities and identifying the components and their spatial organization through analysis of diversity. Secondly, it is designed to explain the processes and organizational patterns of plant biomass, trying to understand its causes. To find out the degree of heterogeneity in the spatial organization biocenótica are used decriptores synthetic as rates diversity -alfa, beta Yamplitud niche of the species. It has developed a method of plant biomass estimated non-destructive, obtaining a general equation for predicting the weight of each kind of matornll and an equation "type" to scrub the Alcarria. We have identified types of plants depending on the morphology adopting to grow. It has analyzed the relationship between the architecture of plants Ylas forms of space that it allows exanúnando the possibility of coexistence with other species or segregation depending on the space available. Finally, it has analyzed the relationship between biomass accumulated and way of spatial organization, as expressed by plant diversity, multiple levels of detail and considering the organization of horizontal and vertical space. Biomass, forms of growth and employment space are interrelated and are determined, in addition to the characteristics of each species in particular, the physical conditions and biocenóticas the environment in which they find themselves. We discuss in this paper the different types of relationships found, analyze its possible causes.

Author: RIBEIRO ORGE MARIA DOLORES.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: The wetland national park tables daimiel (province royal town) has been studied biology quantitatively of the three main species of helófitos: Phragmites australis (reed), Cladium seafood (masiega) and Typha domingensis (enea). Key objectives of this study were: 1) study the three inveles organizational delos helófitos in wetland - The individual stains monoespecíficas and wetland propiemente said; 2) establish correlations with abiotic variables that control its dynamics operation, and 3 ) Make a small study autoecología.Los main results have shown us: 1) the flood is the main variable abiotic which controls the growth of helófitos in tables daimiel; 2) the growth of helófitos field was significantly higher in the greenhouse, 3) there is an effect defasado of hidroperiodo and hidronivel the previous year on the growth of reed and the masiga; 4) that the reed (P.australis), which is an invasive species, is shifting to the masiega (C.mariscus), due to the conditions of increasing degradation of wetland park tables daimiel.

Author: VAZQUEZ TORRES SANTIAGO MARIO.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA.

Summary: A study was conducted in two strips of four hectares of Upper Amazon Perennifolia, exposed and other protected from direct impact of the winds during the period 1995-2000, highlighting in particular as regards the trees and some of its basic ecological functions as abundance, basal area, coverage rates dominance and diversity. The objectives of the study are:-Know the vascular plant in the chosen sites-recognition component dendrológico canopy top-Determination of the abundances, basal areas, areas of coverage and proportional share of each species in shaping the community. - Developing maps of spatial distribution of tree species represented. - Comparison between the samples under different conditions of exposure to the prevailing winds.

Author: DOMÉNECH MASONS ROSER.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO.

Summary: The biological invasions are a major component of global change along with changes in land use. Throughout history, humans have moved intentionally or accidentally native species habitat specifically into new areas, but this process has been accelerated over the past centuries due to large scale. In consequences, the overall diversity is changing, leading to an increase in the number of biological invasions. Mediterranean ecosystems is a good framework for the study of biological invasions by its sensitivity to all components of global change, especially changes in land use and the introduction of alien species. The main objective of this work is to identify environmental factors, biotic and historical sites that can facilitate the entry and establishment of Cortaderia selloana, a perennial grass native to South America. This objective has been achieved through observational analysis (inventories), field experiments, greenhouse and laboratory. Accordingly, it has been discussing the invasion of C.selloana habitats ruderales and not ruderales, linking it to environmental and biotic factors thereof. It has also established a link between the history of land use and the invasion of this species. It has studied the effect of the successional age, the type of vegetation and soil disturbance in the invasion of C.selloana. It has analyzed the response of this species to competition and water stress, and finally, it has been analyzed germination C.selloana in different ecological conditions in the laboratory. The habitats ruderales, which are often disturbed by human activity, are at an increased recruitment of new individuals that non ruderales. There are also a positive relationship between the presence of C.selloana and the number of changes in land use. It has also been shown that the invasion of C.selloana, measured as the percentage of survival and growth of seedlings, is not affected by the stadium in which it is successional vegetation and the type of vegetation. However, the disturbance of soil significantly increases its establishment. The success of the invasion can be attributed to its ability to germinate in a wide variety of ecological conditions. This species is not competitively superior to other species native to the same functional group and at the same stage of development, though it is more resistant to stress that hybrid native species.

Author: SERRA LALIGA LUIS.
Year: 2004.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: There will always be a study of the vascular plant in the province of Alacant. Initially set out a brief summary geological and geomorphological, hydrographic, edafológica and climate of the territory, as well as an overview on the history of the occupation and modification by humans. Below is a gradual botanical knowledge of the province by the early historians and botanists, noting that until the mid-eighteenth century had been mentioned 59 species, in the mid-nineteenth century is reached the figure of 396 species, in the first third the twentieth century has been touched 1173 species and into 1975, after the publication of the thesis D. Abelardo Rigual the number has risen to 1706 species. Finally in this trab.ajo are considered 2457 species, although many of them have been mentioned as ornamental and cultivated. The floristic study is the central body of work, introducing the catalog the total number of 2457 species, but of them only 1873 are considered indigenous, exsistiendo other 68 naturalized, 39 adventitious, 243 asilvestradas, 91 cultivated 31 ornamental and 112 presence doubtful . The text of each species includes synonymies mentioned in the more than 1000 works in which they have found references to the flora provincial common names, taxonomic data, ecological, corológicos and conservation, as well as references to biotype, height the plant, flowering, sintaxonomia, termotipos, ombrotipos, degree of naturalness, corología total of the species, corología in the province, abundance and IUCN category. As a result of these years of exploration in the field of literature and herbal been mentioned 69 species new to the province, 24 new to Valencia, 2 taxa new to science (Ononis rentonarensis MB Crespo & L. Serra and Salix x atroelaeagnos L. Serra & Crespo MB) and two new combinations [Centaurea antennata Leon Dufour subsp. Meridionalis (O. Bowling & Vigo) L. Serra & M. B. Crespo and Limonium x coriacifolium (Sennen) M. B. Crespo & L. Serra]. The study confirms phytogeographical and characterize the subsectors in the area (Alcoyano-diánico, Ayorano-villenense, Manchego-murciano, Alicantino and Manchego South). The flora present is included in almost 50% exclusive of the Mediterranean region, followed by a 5.37% of the flora Eurasian; 5.07% subcosmopolita; 4.90% mediterráneo-iranoturaniana and 4.82 & paleotemplada. Within the Mediterranean flora excels endemism iberolevantino (7.59%) And there are 19 species unique to the province (Asperula paui subsp. Dianensis, Cheirolophus lagunae, Convolvulus valentinus, Limonium furfuraceum, L. interjectum, L. parvibracteatum, L. rigualii, L. santapolense, L. scopulorum, Linaria arabiniana, L. orbensis, Ononis rentonarensis, Sideritis chamaedryfolia sUbsp. littoralis, S. dianica, Teucrium lepicephalum, Thymus webbianus, T. x aitanae nothosubsp. dominguezii, T. x valentinus and Vella lucentina. have also been mapping the termotipos present from the climatic data and their correlation with the distribution of bioíndicadores, resulting in 415 species exclusively on the floor termomediterráneo, 205 in mesomediterráneo and 10 supramediterráneos, most of these úlrimos distribution Baetian and finícola in the Serra d'Aitana. In the case of ombrotipos already starting equally and weather data is obtained bioindicators that 175 species listed under ombroclima semiarid, 40 in the dry and 359 under ombroclima humid and / or wet. Regarding vegetation has been observed in the field or through peer-reviewed literature, the existence of 45 types of vegetation and a minimum of 217 associations. Belonging to the 213 parties l 8 flora 33b provincial arvense to vegetation and ruderal (29.39% ), grassland annually (8.82%), perennial (7.02%), wet meadows and rushes (4.77%) and vegetation esclerófila (4.

Author: JIMENEZ SANCHEZ MARIA LUISA.
Year: 2004.
University: ALMERÍA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: This argument reflects the demographic study of macroendemismo. Euzomodendron bourgaeanum Coss, a perennial cataloged. Endangered living in the badlands of Tabernas Desert. The overall objective has been raised to deepen the understanding of the population dynamics of the species under study. They have used models demographic (population projection matrices). Moreover, what parameters have been assessed contribute more to the population growth rate as well as the variability of the same space. The results show that the demographic behavior of Euzomodendron varies in espcio and time and that, during the four years of research, the population trend is going downhill. The conclusions arising from this theory have important implications in managing population of the species and the management of the territory in which inhabits.

Author: COVELO NÚÑEZ FELISA.
Year: 2004.
University: VIGO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BILOGÍA.

Summary: The thesis presents the study of the variation in the availability of resources in pine trees recently felled, and their effect on growth of young oak that constitute the dominant tree species in the pine forest. The objectives of this work include: 1. Studying the variation in the availability of nutrients as a result of a disturbance such as logging. 2. To check the response of oak trees to logging, in terms of the dynamics of nutrients in the leaf and efficiency in the use of nutrients. The study plots and harvested without cutting down during the 4 years after the logging showed a loss of inorganic nitrogen, while did not affect the concentration of phosphorus in the soil, possibly due to its interaction with minerals from the soil, making it withheld less susceptible to losses due to a disturbance. The oaks of the disturbed areas responded to the reduced availability of nitrogen increasing its efficiency in the reabsorption of this nutrient. The increased availability of light in areas cleared led also to an increased content of polyphenols in the leaves of oak trees, increasing their protection from attack by herbivoría and pathogens. The enormous variability observed the areas studied, the study raised pattern and spatial scale to which expressed hetrogeneidad in the pine forests of Peninsular NO. By using geostatistical techniques, characterized the spatial patterns of light and nutrients and their effect on the spatial structure of nutrients in the population of oak trees growing in the pine forest. The results open the possibility of regenación of the indigenous populations of Quercus robur from young individuals being held under the pine forest in much of Galicia. The observation of the existence of spatial structure in foliar nutrient concentrations in the population of oak may have important implications for herbivores and nutrient cycling in the ecosystem, and is relevant in the design of sampling strategies.

Author: BARAZA RUIZ ELENA.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTADA DE CIENCIAS UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: The ungulates may have an important effect on the dynamics and functioning of the forest. The main impact of ungulates sobe ecosystems is derived from the removal of large amounts of plant tissue, through a differential consumption depending on the species. To arrive at a proper understanding of the role of ungulates in forest dynamics is necessary concocer how and why the selcción of their diet. Throughout this tissi, esuidmos the relationship between major ungulate herbivores and five of the first tree species that coviven in the mountains of southeastern mainland, in order to know the effect of herbivoría for ungulates in lso processes and regeneration restoration of mountain forests. The study focused on three points of view:-Studies ecology some characteristics of the tree species traditionally associated with their palatability, influence the selection of them that the mountain goat and goat home. - Studies of the use of space, including the characteristics extrinsic wing plant realcioadas consu entono as another possible factor detemine the damaged by herbivoría sufrído. With this type of study we intend to study the combined effect of the characteristics of the plant and its environment in probablilidad and level of consumption of the main components of mountain forests of the southeastern peninsula. - From the point of view of the plant, we will study the responsiveness ane processes herbivoria of juvenile species of woody studied. Included in the survey responses at both physiological ocmo morfólogico and biochemist. The main conclusions from the results obtained in different experiments were: 1. There is a significant variability in the chemical characteristics within each species of plants, whether between individuals, between people, or over the growing period, but be a source of a selection deifrencial by ungulates studied. 2. Encontrmos a significant variability in the selection of diet among animals of the same species, according to their nutritional status, your learning process or their physiological characteristics. 3. The preference for an herbivore plants containing secondary compounds defense may be affected by the availability of nutrients during the period of exposure to these plants, so that an environment can encourage adequate nutritional lower rejection by these plants and therefore a consumption less selective vegetation. 4. Although the habit of leaf growth and the availability of resources can affect the relative concentration of nitrogen compounds regarding defense side of a plant, we must not forget the phylogeny and evolutionary history of each species, which can be an important condition of the chemical defenses of plants. 5. The palatability of the plant can be defined around two basic concepts that determine what is an attractive plant for a ungulado, nutritional quality and quantity of food offered. 6. In addition to the intrinsic characteristics of juveniles, other extrinsic factors associated with the matrix of vegetation that redea can influence their likelihood and degree of consumption. 7. The protective role of bush on the youth of woody species varies depending on various factors, including the palatability of youth and clumps herbivores. 8. The youth of woody species more resistant and therefore less likelihood of consumption, show less tolerance for herbivoría regard to the more palatable species, and therefore most likely to consumption. Likewise its ability to respond to the herbivoria when they grow under bushes or under conditions of deep shadow in the nursery. 9. L 8 to sum d 5f0 and several sources of stress, such as consumption reiterated its jueveniles by ungulates and the strong summer drought, can cause the collapse of the regeneration of forests. The strong effect of the characteristics of platón and the environment in which it grows in the degree of herbiboría suffering, suggests that an appropriate selection of plants and management of the environment can allow a decrease in herbivore damage suffered by plants reforestation. 10. There is a need for pressure control of herbivores, the tree species more palatable by the high consumption suffering, and for the less palatable to its lowest responsive, in order to allow growth of juveniles above the height of risk to ensure its passage adults.

Author: ARIZ OLAECHEA MAGDALENA DE.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CCIAS. BIOLÓGICAS. UCM.

Summary: The report represents the first systematic and descriptive documentation that takes place on a collection of fossils and living Diatoms of the collection Diametológica by Ernesto Caballero and Bellido, comprising 205 preparations with thousands of microscopic specimens. It has been described 1129 taxa included in 166 genera of diatoms, including in the Division Bacillariophyta.

Author: COPETE CARREÑO MIGUEL ANGEL.
Year: 2005.
University: CASTILLA-LA MANCHA.
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRONOMOS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRONOMOS DE ALBACETE.

Summary: In the European context, Spain is a country in which privileged floristic diversity concerns. However, part of it at present is in danger of disappearing to corto-medio term, and as a result the government is being forced to take in this matter. In recent years the Board of Communities of Castilla-La Mancha has been one of the regions leading to more connection with the adoption of numerous laws for the conservation of species and habitats. The present work, restricted to the area of the province of Albacete, and following the guidelines laid down in this legislation, is studying aspects of population and reproductive biology of the four plant taxa in advance of the province most threatened: Helianthemum polygonoides, Coincya rupestris subsp. rupestris, Sideritis serrata and Sisymbrium cavanillesianum (all of whom also threatened at the state level). For H.polygonoides discussing the effect that grazing has in its population nucleus, both of demographic structure and parameters fenólogicos of flowering and reproductive success, as well as in the soil seed banks constitute persistent. The role of pollinating insects in the breeding success is also analyzed. Parallel implementation of a demographic model matrix, with the presence or absence of livestock as a discriminating factor, will enable us to predict population trends. Ultimately intended to assess the role of ants in the reproductive biology of the species, as well as establish possible behavior of seeds once stored in the soil. Regarding C.rupestris subsp.rupestris discusses possible differences interpoblacionales related to the phenology of flowering, besides analyzing correlations between the different variables phenological. Moreover shows the influence of pollinating insects in the breeding success of the taxon, and quantifies the recruitment of seedlings in their natural habitat for two annuities. Finally establishing a series of comparative studies between the four taxa gender Coincya existing in the south of the region, ranging from simple analysis of the form and size of their leaves, complex testing seed germination stored in dry, by controlling such factors as the location of the seeds in the fruit, temperature, age of the seed and lighting conditions. For some taxa including two populations will be discussed. In the case of S.serrata almost all the studies are dealing with the seeds, with the exception of tests designed planting in their natural habitat for different treatments of soil. The most extensive are even more complete than those mentioned above for the taxon, as well as study the behavior of seeds stored in dry conditions in the laboratory for analyzing the seeds buried at room temperature with monthly for nearly two years. The factors are the aforementioned except for the location of the seeds in the fruit that this species does not make sense. Additionally verifies the ability of different thermal conditions at the time of inducing or eliminate latency in seed S.serrata, and the effect of the depth of burial in the longevity of the same. And finally, in relation to S.cavanillesianum (taxon currently classified with a lesser degree of threat from studied here), are performed multiple tests germination identical to those described for S.serrata, with the added difficulty of simultanearlos with for three associated species. Fi 8 ally 33e by designing some replacement series assesses the competitiveness of S.cavanillesianum compared to the kind of wide distribution next Sisymbrium runcinatum.

Author: ALVAREZ ARBESU RAMON LUIS.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: EDIFICIO HISTORICO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA DE ORGANISMOS Y SISTEMAS.

Summary: It has conducted a detailed study of flora and vegetation components of plant cover the costs acantiladas Asturias. We analyzed weather patterns (bioclima fundamentally termotemplado of humid to wet and somewhat submediterráneidad) and the geological diversity of Asturias coast, both in terms of substrates and forms, the latter being the main cause of the diversity of plant cover the costs acantiladas Asturias. The flora vascular costs acantiladas Asturian integrates a large number of plants with a low degree of endemism of the flora unique to them and that is not greater conservation problems that affect the majority of the bulls in normal habitat. The plant communities of the coast acantiladas Asturian are many, mostly unique to these media, linked to biotopes unique, and conservation issues affecting both the maintenance of the diversity of vegetation and the survival of certain types of communities. The vegetation of the cliffs Asturian response to the model, at least at Atlantic, zoning in waists consisting of plant communities, the structure and composition of flora features that responds to the concept of gemiocroserie and each of the vegetation types who belong to of microseries vegetation. It has been modeled the spatial distribution of different types fisionómicos-estructurales of existing vegetation on the shores acantiladas Asturian response to its elevation, slope, orientation, refraction marine and geological substrate. Finally, the Asturian coast has been differentiated into four sections of coastline (Western, Central, Central and East) that have a vegetative cover (plants and sets of communities) particular to a microsigmentum unique correspond with various facies as try tranches exposed or protected. For each of the different sections of coastline has presented a model of indoor plants.

Author: RAMÍREZ COLLANTES DAVID ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CIENCIAS, DPTO. ECOLOGÍA.

Summary: The scaling is a gradual process where knowledge of how information is transferred from one scale to another, is crucial to the understanding of mechanisms generating patterns, and of the utmost importance to resource management (Levin, 1995). This transfer of information, however, should be carried out in a sequential manner and through scales contiguous. Baldocci et al. (1991) recommended three scales adjacent to achieve this goal: sub, operational and macro. The study and understanding of the individual can be the key to achieving the population level from a perspective climbed sequentially: hoja-individuo-población. In this paper confirms approximate Baldocci et al. (1991) in the study of transpiration (T) populations Stipa tenacissima in a semiarid microcuenca of Alicante. The study of the scales: individual blade and was carried out by assessing the transpiration using conventional techniques (IRGA, porómetro diffusion, heat balance) and contrasted with a model architectural 3D (Yplant). We calculated calibration functions or individual correction (CRF) for distinguished three sizes of woods and different ranges of water content in soil, which were obtained between scaled T on the basis of actions of leaves by porometría (weighted by senescence ) and T individually. The CRF allowed us to take the step of the individual to stand population or obtained as a result a high consistency between scaling using the distinction between sizes kills using the CRF, and the T calculated by a model of vegetation scattered parameterized and validated Media semiarid. Finally, evaluation and comparison of the T-stand (on the basis of the analysis pluriescalar) and the structure of sub-poblaciones of Stipa tenacissima in microcuenca, allowed us to distinguish intra competition and availability of land, as the main processes responsible for the use of water by espartal in the micro. These processes take on different levels of importance depending on the availability of water in the system.

Author: ABESO OYANA EULOGIO.
Year: 2005.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE.

Summary: In natural systems of dunes south of Alicante, for five years (1997-2002) has been studied from the standpoint of the integrity of the dune ecosystem, an area of the coast of Alicante through two factors, one understood among estates Urbanova, Arenales del Sol and Carabassí and others included in the municipal park complex Guardamar, Pinet and Navy. These two sectors have suffered in the last 30 years, a importate dose of disruption arising from the urban development deployed on the bars and shoreline next to the two large population centers that are Elche and Alicante. Such infrastructure, and road building have occupied about 30% of the original natural surface, 25% in El Salvador and 5% in Guardamar.

Author: RUBIO DE CASAS RAFAEL.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS-AGRÓNOMOS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRÓNOMOS.

Summary: The esclerofilia is a syndrome typical of many Mediterranean species. Appears in several taxonomic groups, with apparent phylogenetic regardless of their origin or functional group to which they belong. Historically, it has been seen as the result of adaptation to the conditions of the Mediterranean ambience. But today is well established Tertiary origin, prior to the advent of the Mediterranean climate. It then planted what is the ability of plants esclerófilas to express alternative phenotypes in response to environmental changes, space and / or temporary and to what extent these phenotypes alternative symptom of microevolución. In this Report Doctoral has dealt with the study of processes microeevolutivos species esclerófilas through analysis of the phenotypic and genetic structure of two species emblematic of the Mediterranean, how are coscoja (Quercus Coccifera L.) and acebuche (Olea europaea var . Sylvestris L.). Possible causative mechanisms of evolutionary change has been taken into account independently and synthetic trying to answer a number of questions: To what extent  stability phenotypic implies a lack of genetic diversity? Or otherwise  Is it possible to detect genetic divergence processes in esclerófilas Mediterranean? If the answer is yes  What?. The apparent stability evolutionary syndrome sclerophyllous  does the non-existence of processes phenotypic difference between populations?. If these processes exist Do you have any role they played in the phenotypic plasticity?  Is phenotypic plasticity an important factor in the evolutionary response of esclerófilas Mediterranean?. The results obtained show that plants esclerófilas have undergone processes divergence microevolutiva recent. These processes have resulted in the formation of ecotypes genetically distinct and having different functional traits. The differentiation occurs in a context in which genetic introgression is widespread and gene flow is relatively frequent. One of the elements associated with the emergence of new ecotypes is the variation in the phenotypic plasticity. Differentiation genetic esclerólias Mediterranean: the two species studied have occurred recent phenotypic differentiation processes. The observed phenotypic differentiation correlates with the genetic patterns. The congruence between genotype and phenotype, although expected, it is interesting, since it shows that the observed phenotypes ecotypes are genetically determined. Thus, different environmental situations are reflected in the phenotypic structure of the populations studied, which in turn is conditioned genetically. The modification of the phenotype response to the light of O.europaea and Q.coccifera implies the emergence of two kinds of leaves in the glass of each individual. The first of these is the characteristic of the leaves of the most exposed parts of the cup (phenotype Sun), while the other is generated in the most interior of the same (phenotype Shadow). The role of phenotypic plasticity: The correlation observed in different contexts genetic and environmental patterns between molecular, phenotypic and ecological highlights the ability of esclerófilas Mediterranean to generate new ecotypes. The plasticity appears to be the causative agent of the emergence of these new ecotypes and how responsibility for the maintenance of the syndrome sclerophyllous.