MUSHROOMS

Author: SOLIÑO PÉREZ ANA M..
Year: 2003.
University: VIGO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA, UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO.

Summary: This report aims on the one hand, developing so justified the library catalog of Macromicetos of Galicia and provide a computer record of it. Also, learn and reflect so computerized and automated the autoecología, phenology and distribution as well as the situation regarding conservation of taxa issued for this area. Moreover, it required the development of an integrated information system that would serve as the basis for the study presented in this report as well as the design of future work on the research team. To achieve the objteivos proposed, it is carried out, firstly the bibliographic of all publications that are mentioned in the Galician citations, followed by the updating of nomenclature of the same, by consulting both works of a general nature as monographs and miscellaneous items. Often it has been necessary to resort classical works hard to reach. With the volume of data collected, there is a Computer Information System. As a starting point we have chosen a database multirrelacional (GALICIA.mdb), and that allows us to manage large quantities of information and interrelacionarla with other databases and even with other programs for analysis. It also enables the revision and updating of the data because it is an open system. All information is included in 4 tables (Binomios Updated, Synonyms, citations, bibliography) designed Access. After the recording of information is your analysis, after homogenization of the data, since the ultimate goal of an information system is to be profitable and efficient. This system enables the automation of the catalog, which reduces the time and the possibility of error in the elaborate, using tools such as office, consultations and macros in Word and Access. To make the distribution maps and charts phenology data are exported to Excel. Finally, to make an initial assessment of the importance of catalog Mycological Galician and European Red List (in preparation) collect the available literature on conservation of fungi and red lists carried out in various European countries, as well as the proposal to include in Annex 1 of the Berne Convention. Then extractamos data on the location (country or region) and time of appearance, as well as the habitat in which it finds itself and the potential threats facing the taxon, along with the protective measures proposed for conservation and its usefulness. This contrasts with the information from the catalog Bibliográfico Galician obtained from this study and analyze the similarities, in order to know the degree of conservation of these taxa in the Autonomous Region of Galicia, and to suggest corrective or preventive measures relevant for conservation.

Author: GUARDIA VALLE LAIA.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO.

Summary: This thesis as an object of study filamentous fungi endosymbionts arthropod of the class of Tricomicetos (Zigomicota). These organisms inhabiting the digestive treatment of their host, basically insects, diplópodos and crustaceans. This class includes four orders, of which two have recently been linked with the protozoa group Mesomycetozoea: Eccrinales and Amoebidiales. Because of fact, the class is a group of ecological unnatural (not monophyletic) and for reasons histórico-prácticas tends to follow a treatment class sensu lato, incoporando the study of these two orders belonging to the kingdom of animals . The other orders placed more consistently in the group and apparently phylogenetic are Harpellales and Asellariales. We will see in the work that Harpelladles not monophyletic són due to the presence of a genre (Orphella) related Kickxellales (Zygomycota) In this thesis we studied Harpellales, Asellariales and Eccrinales present in the area peninsular and the Balearic Islands. The thesis is divided into the basic building blocks: * Introduction, where he presented the general group and individual orders, both morphological, biological, ecological and physiological. * OBJECTIVES, where he outlined the goals set forth in the completion of the thesis, which would be several, among them; obtaining fungi for the Taxonomic Study and corológico of species tricomicetos of the Iberian peninsula and the Balearic Islands. The making of an illustrated catalog with each species econtradas, with the input of data on morphology biology, ecology, ect. Characterization of the guests, among others. * MATERIALS AND METHODS, the methodologies described here are working very unique in the study of tricomicetos, given his character agencies symbionts arthropod. Thus, we are working with a collection of more typical of entomologists that of mycologists. To isolate the tricomiceto is necessary destripar and remove the intestine of arthropod hospiedante, and find it, whether in the estomodeo or in the proctodeo, depending on the kind of tricomoceto, material to study. Having been culturing axénicos of alagunas species Harpellades gender Smittium, one of the few genres that currently can grow in ways known. The medium that we used is Brain-Heart Hagar in dilution 1 / 10, with the use of antibiotics. It also provides data on the locations sampled and infection rates for the guests. * TAXONOMY: CATALOG OF SPECIES, this is the main body of work, where they are exposed taxonomic results. For each táxon paints a picture, counting locations sampled, ecology (host), a section of discussions with partial observations that affect the species treated and artwork (drawings, photographs, etc.). It deals orders Harpellales, Asellariales and Eccrinales. * RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS have been studied a total of 23 genera of tricomicetos (17 Harpellales, 2 Asellariales i 4 Ecrrinales), of which two are new to science. The number of species stands at 54 (46 Harpellales, including 15 new to science and 19 citations unpublished peninsular; 4 Asellariales, one of which is new to science and other unpublished level Mainland; 4 Eccrinales, all new appointments the peninsula). We found zigósporas (sexual spores) in species and genera where they were unknown (Bojamyces, Orphella, several Smittium). We noticed processes germination tambén unpublished (Spartiella barbata or Orphella haysii). We conducted estudos micromorfológicos with Scanning, finding innovative structures, as decorations in spores and other cells. We have described for the first time a tricomicet able to grow out of húesped vivo (Bojamyces tránsfuga). We have been able to cultivate various species of Smittium successfully. Thus exposed, knowledge of loshongos tricomicetos on the Peninsula has been expanded, but it is clear that sampling has been unable to cover the whole territory, which is expected even the future discovery of new taxone 8 s, nu 2f2 evos host or new locations.

Author: RODRÍGUEZ ITURRIZAR NEREA.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: UPV/EHU.

Summary: This paper presents the potential of American oak (Quercus rubra L.) as an alternative to the Basque forestry. This will increase the productive forest range, avoiding plantations monoespecíficas but in turn covering the needs of today's economy, bearing in mind sustainable development. The study has focused on 6 plantations of various ages in Bizkaia, which has been studied primarily wealth fungal epigea (based on carpóforos) and the hipogea (ectomicorrizas). During 3 years of surveys, it has found 111 species marcomicetos grouped in 7 orders (Agaricale s60% Russulales 18%, Boletales 14%, Polyporales 4%, Pezizales 2%, Cantharelales 1% and Phallales 1%), this being a value relatively high in comparison with other formations. Plantations also ripe to introduce greater species richness have shown including a more homogeneous than non mature. As for the ectomicorrizas, has described 90 morphotypes, of which 6 have been identified at the species level, 1 assigned to a morfotipo unpublished and 7 at the level of gender. As to the number of morphotypes there have been no differences between mature and non-mature plantations. The winter has proved to be the station with the greatest number of morphotypes and number of tips micorrizados followed by the autumn. It has also appreciated the infective potential of the soils of the plantations and it has been observed that plants of 1 or 2 savias can be micorrizadas both inoculum present in plantations mature as not ripe. As for the selection of species micorricicas for use forestry, which has been Scleroderma areolatum and S.citrinum are species with great potential, and that greatly enhance the quality of the plant produced in nursery and for reforestation

Author: FERNÁNDEZ ESPIÑEIRA M. TERESA.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The revegetation of areas disturbed by mining activity has been a challenge for a long time globally. His natural revegetation takes place in many decades, but the introduction of plants micorrizadas shorten the period of recovery of those areas. There is a need for fungi mycorrhized edafoclimáticas suited to their conditions. To carry out this choice we have made the study of an altered zone that presents different degrees of natural colonization of woody vegetation. In the 3 years of sampling, from 1999 to 2001, have collected 24 species of fungi ectomicorrícicos. The production of these mushrooms over the three years were influenced by the variation of temperature and precipitation annually. Así durante el año 1999, las especies más abundantes fueron Russula amoenolens, Hebeloma, mesophaeum y Russula heterophylla; en el año 2000, Cortinarius hemitrichum, Laccaria laccata y H.crustuliniforme y en el año 2001 A.muscaria y Tricholoma fulvum. The species showing the greatest density ibomasa were A.muscaria and A.citrina, in the area of higher plant colonization. In the intermediate areas, the kind of higher density was Scleroderma verucosum. In the area where the vegetation is very low, the density of biomes was always lower and the predominant species were: Paxillus involutus, H.crustuliniforme and H.mesophaeum. Of the 24 species were found to isolate and grow in pure culture 11 species of fungi ectomicorrícicos, which had different patterns of growth in culture media PDA, MMN and Pachewsky. It was subsequently got micorrizaciones controlled in vitro Betula celtiberica with S.verrucosum, P.involutus. A.citrina, A.muscaria, Leccinum scabrum, Lactarius pubescens. It was demonstrated, using techniques of PCR-RFLPs, the presence of fungal species: H.crustuliniforme, P.involutus, S.verrucosum, S.polyrhizum and R.heterophylla in the root system of birch copies of between 15 cm and 25 cm in size, present in the area is being initiated natural revegetation.