PLANT TAXONOMY

Author: SUÁREZ SANTIAGO VÍCTOR NAZARIO.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE GENÉTICA, UNIVESIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: In this Doctoral Thesis have been used to be transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA as molecular markers for troubleshooting systematic and evolutionary into two groups with very different problems, gender Muscari Mil. Hyacinthaceae, which polyploidy has been of great importance and evolutionary section Willkommia White gender centaurea L. Compositae, with almost all its diploid species. Muscari is a genus mainly Mediterranean, which on the basis of morphological characters and cariológicos their species are grouped into four subgenera, Leopoldia (Parl). Zahar, Muscari Mill, Botryanthus (Kunth) Zahar, and Psudomuscri stuar. However, its taxonomic history is complex and includes several controvesias which have been the subject of this work, highlighting the considereación of Muscari as a single genus with four subgenera or as four separate genres and estimating relationships filigenéticas and delimitation subgenérica its taxa . It has also tackled the taxonomic study of especiaes eapñolas of Muscari of subgenus Botryanthus, utlizando characters morphological and molecular, and assessing the implications of polyploidy in his especiaÂ'ciín and evolution. On the other hand. Section Willkommia is a group of endemic taxa half Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa. The study addresses two themes developed very controvretidos in this section. On the one hand, the delimitation of their own section to the sections most relational gender sect. Acrolphus and sect. Phalolepis (all subgroup Acrolophus group jacea) and pro Furthermore, the separation between the species that make it up. In addition appreciates the implications of biological processes such as hybridization and events geologícos-climáticos in origin and deversificación of evolution section Willkommia. The results demonstrate the usefulness of ITS sequences in the study of the phylogenetic relationships of gender and allow Muscari establish direccióan evolutionary most likely the morphological characters and cariológicos. In section Willkommina, junot with streams ETS, have been useful in resolucín of relations with the closest section and to establish the pattern of evolution retiuclada who have followed their taxa. In filogenias Muscari shown as a monophyletic group, supporting their considereciáon as a single genre. In addition, it proposes a more natural considering three subgenera. Muscari, Lopoldia and Botryanthus, the latter including species Pseudomiuscari. Based on caractere mofológixos, ecológioxs, cariológio and molecular propoenen two new species of subg Muscari. Botryanthus in the Iberian Peninsula, M. Olivarun and M. Baeticum, both home alipoliploide. Within the subgroup Acrolophus gender Centaurea were detected three ribotipos different ribotyping Wilkommina, ripbotipo Acrolophus-Phalolepis and ribotipl Simulans, showing unaclara structuring geographical qu does not correspond to the Systematic. The ribotyping Willkommia seems to be the hybrid origin, whose formation has intervened ribotyping acrolophus-Phalolepis. Its expansion and homogenization in the western Mediterranean must have happened by hibidacines recurring and evolutionary processes concerted biased. The very section Willkomina might have hybrid origin, associated with the emergence of ribotyping of the same name and was due to produce during the Mesiniense. The subgroup Acropophus is revealed as monophyletic and sections Acrolophus and Phalolepis not tinene entity as independent groups. Section Willkommia is considered monofilética explained the presence 8 of tib 272 otipo Willkommia in the Iberian taxa of sections Phalolepis (C.alba) and Acrolphus (complex v. Paniculata) by successive hibridaciones introgresivas and concentrated skewed evolution of the sequences ribosómicas .

Author: SANCHEZ AGUDO JOSE ANGEL.
Year: 2004.
University: SALAMANCA.
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTANICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.

Summary: The thesis contains the results for the taxonomic review has been performed in two of the sections that were subdivided gender Veronica L., one of the most extensive and complex in the family Scrophulariaceae. These sections are: Veronica sect. Pocilla Dumort. That includes most taxa annual and Veronica sect. Beccabunga (Hill) Dumort. That includes verónicas habit predominantly water, with representatives annually, biannual or perennial. The study affects mainly in the 22 taxa of the aforementioned sections are represented in the Iberian peninsula and the Balearic Islands, as this review is framed within a larger project, Flora iberica and is the basis for the synthesis of Veronica in this work. But from the outset we were aware of the appropriateness of extending the study area to other regions of Europe, Western Mediterranean, NW Africa, and more timely, Asia and the Middle East. This allowed us to cover virtually the entire range of geographical distribution of most taxa analyzed and opened up the possibility of including other taxa closely related to the Iberians. All this is of great help to determine the natural variability in each group naturally, and allow us to take stronger criteria more acceptable treatment taxonomic and phylogenetic interpretations of the verónicas peninsular.

Author: GALBANY CASALS MERCÈ.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE FARMÀCIA.

Summary: Gender Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae), 500-600 species, is one of the largest in the family, and presents its greatest diversity on the African continent. The Mediterranean region and western Asia represent a second center of diversity. With this work we bring detailed data on the morphology, chromosome number, area ditribución, habitat, afinadades taxonomic variability and nomenclature of 38 taxa that constrituyen our taxonomic treatment for gender Helichrysum in this geographic area. Moreover, two species, H. Frigidum and H. Montelinasanum, presents a unique combination of carcter morphological that leads us to describe a new genus, Castroviejoa to accommodate. We provide a first approximation to the phylogeny of the genus Helichrysum based on the sequences of the regions ITS nuclear ribosomal DNA. Our results indicate that the group of Asian and Mediterranean species is monophyletic, excluding the two species H. Frigidum and H. Montelinasanum, and derived from African species. Integrating all the data phylogeny, morphology and chromosome numbers, we can infer that the colonization of the Mediterranean came from the region noroccidenteal of Africa and then the subsequent radiation and diversification of the genre to Central Asia.

Author: Pimentel Pereira Manuel.
Year: 2005.
University: A CORUÑA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Ciencias.

Summary: Gender Anthoxanthum L. S.str. Consists of 15 species distributed in a natural way by the temperate and subarctic regions of Europe and Asia, in addition to the high mountains of tropical Africa and Asia. In Europe is represented by 8 species, 5 perennial (A.odoratum, A.amarum, A.alpinum, A.maderense and A.pauciflorum) and 3 year (A.ovatum, A.aristatum and A.gracile) within the that has been described two subspecies and four varieties. Since the characterization of these taxa has traditionally been discussed has been raised this study with the overall objective of providing data to establish taxonomic relationships, and biogeographic between the European representatives of this genre. To address this goal morphometric techniques were applied (analysis of morphological and anatomical data using statistical methods) and molecular (survey markers and RAPDs AFLPs). We analyzed morfométricamente a total of 1787 individuals belonging to 60 people representing the various taxa that are distributed by the Iberian Peninsula, Alps, Balkans, Sudeten Mountains, Scandinavia, Malta and Madeira. The selection of poblacines was made after reviewing material deposited on 14 herbal Europeans (SANT, UNEX, BC, MA, LOU, BSS, VAL, UPS, G, BEO, WU; CLF, EF and PAL). We excluded from the study A.pauciflorum as it is not localized natural populations of this taxon. To make the molecular study analyzed 384 individuals (149 through RAPD and 234 by AFLP). The results showed that A.gracile, diploid annual, which is distributed primarily by the islands mediiterráneas, introduced a high degree of morphological differentiation and genetics, which can be explained by his former home and isolation. A.amarum, polyploid perennial native to the NW of the Iberian Peninsula, is also well characterized on the basis of their micro and macromorfología, being genetically related A.odoratum, A.maderense, diploid perennial own the Madeira Island introduced a weak morphological differentiation of A.odoratum, although its ecological and genetic isolation justify their status specific .. The polyploid complex formed pore A.odoratum, tetraploid widely distributed throughout Europe and Asia, and A.alpinum, diploid considered element boreo-alpino, introduced a weak morphological differentiation, but if a strong genetic distance and ecological differentiation, which suggested subspecific status for A.alpinum. Finally, the relationship between annual diploid taxa, A. Ovatum and A.aristatum. Data obtained show evidence separation, morphological and genetic level, these doso taxa with respect to tetraplooide A.odoratum. Relations between the two taxa year could not be definitively established since both morphological and genetic differentiation observed not appear to support their status and specific questions the separation of taxa ingraspecíficos. To clarify these relations would be necessary to increase the number of people including their representation in the E, the Mediterranean basin and N Africa.

Author: GAYA BALLÉS ESTER.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA (UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA).

Summary: The study morphological and taxonomic group C.saxicola has allowed redelimitar this group in a more narrow sense and solve various problems and taxonomic nomenclaturales. As a result have been included the following taxa: C.arnoldii (Wedd) Zahlbr., C.biatorina (A. Massal.) J. Steiner C.clauzadeana Gaya, Nav.-Ros. & Cl.Roux, C.decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forssell, C.nana Gaya & Nav .- Ros., C.pseudofulgensia Gaya & Nav .- Ros.; Caloplaca pusilla (A. Massal.) Zahlbr., C.rouxii Gaya, Nav. Ros-& Limona C.saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin, C.schistidii (Anzi) Zahlbr., And C.tegularis sense auct. On the other hand, have been excluded C.cirrochroa (Ach.) Th.Fr., C.saxiola ssp.laceratula (Arnold former Poelt) Clauzade & Cl.Roux, C.obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forssell and C.proteus Poelt and also hanpropuesto 3 new species unpublished: C.clauzadeana Gaya, Nav.-Ros. & Cl.Roux, C.nana Gaya & Nav.-Ros., C.pseudofulgensia Gaya & Nav - Rox .. and a new name, C.rouxii Gaya, Nav .- Ros. & Limona (= C.saxicola ssp. Miniata (Hoffm.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux). The phylogeny group C.saxicola which is presented in this study is the first to be rebuilt for this and also for a name improtante taxon group of lobuladas Caloplaca species. It has conducted a morphological and molecular phylogeny, the latter used as a marker gene region STR, which have been combined and allowed to confirm the delimitation monofilética group C.saxicola and some of the interspecific relationships delos taxa that are included in the group. In order to establish relations group C.saxicola with other taxa of the family Teloschistaceae, has rebuilt the molecular phylogeny of this family, with the STI region, including taxa of the main genres and also two species Letrouitiaceae. This final analysis, we can conclude that gender Caloplaca, Fulgensia and Teloschistes are polifiléticos, subgenus Gasparrinia, which is made up of species with lobuladas anthraquinones in the thallus and the apothecia, also is polyphyletic, and the subgenera Galoplaca and Pyrenodesmia. You will need more phylogenetic studies, including new characters, in order to arrive at a significant relations between the various taxa of the family Teloschistaceae.

Author: FAGÚNDEZ DÍAZ JAIME.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTADE DE FARMACIA.

Summary: We studied the morphology of the seed species of the genus Erica present in Europe. We various campaigns and petition gathering material to botanic gardens and gene banks. The parameters were measured for weight, color and number of characters in size, shape, ornamentation, the presence of appendages and others. Various statistical analysis were performed to establish the validity of seminal characters. We studied the morphology of the seeds of the sexes next Calluna and Daboecia to establish the boundaries of the genre. Calluna and Daboecia differ from the genus Erica in the presence of a pore in the hilar region in the case of Calluna and for the seeds with testa papilosa, occasional presence of raphe and form globosa in Daboecia. Characters with more useful taxonomic between species Erica is the presence of carúncula, size and ornamentation along with the walls paericlinales outside. There are unique characters seminal allowing discriminate some species such as the presence of carúncula in Erica australis or unions testa type in omega Erica umbellata. It concludes status específcio Erica carnea face Erica erigena and independence of the subspecies of the Macaronesian Erica scoparia front of the sub continent. We bring characters diagnostic discriminate against Erica lusitancia face arborea Erica and Erica vagnas face Erica multiflora. There is a great similarity between the seed Erica tetralix, Erica mackaiana and Erica andevalensis and between Eridca terminalis and Erica maderensis, which is not consistent with the classification infragenérica classic. Describes a new cantábrica Erica luistanica subspecies based on the type of seed and other morphological differences in the populations of northern peninsular compared to populations lusitanas and southern and central Spain.

Author: FAGÚNDEZ DÍAZ JAIME.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTADE DE FARMACIA.

Summary: We studied the morphology of the seed species of the genus Erica present in Europe. We various campaigns and petition gathering material to botanic gardens and gene banks. The parameters were measured for weight, color and number of characters in size, shape ornamentation, the presence of appendages and others. Various statistical analysis were performed to establish the validity of seminal characters. We studied the morphology of the seeds of the sexes next Calluna and Daboecia to establish the boundaries of the genre. Calluna and Daboecia differ from the genus Erica in the presence of a pore in the hilar region in the case of Calluna and seeds with testa papilosa. Presence occasional raphe and form globosa in Daboecia. Characters with more useful taxonomic between species Erica is the presence of carúncula, size and shape of the seed shape and size of cells testa, the primary ornamentation, unions between cells testa and ornamentation secondary the walls periclinales outside. There are unique characters seminal allowing discriminate some species such as the presence of caruncula in Erica australis or meetings testa type in omega Erica umbellata. It concludes the specific status of Erica carnea face Erica erigena and independence of the subspecies of the marcaronesia Erica scoparia front of the sub continent. We bring characters diagnostic discriminates against Erica lusitanica face Erica arboorea and Erica vagans face Erica multiflora. There is a great similarity between the seed Erica tetralix, Erica mackaiana and Erica andevalensis and between Erica teminalis and Erica maderensis, which is not consistent with the classification infragenérica classic. Describes a new Eria lusitanica cantábrica subspecies based on the type of seed and other morphological differences in the populations of northern peninsular compared to populations lusitanas and southern and central Spain.

Author: MOLINA GONZÁLEZ ANA Ma..
Year: 2006.
University: LEÓN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Y AMBIENTALES.

Summary: Carex is one of the most abundant plant of the Northern Hemisphere. It is characterized by presenting a utrículo closed; body containing the ovary and favors the dispersal of the fruit. The taxonomy of the genus presents certain difficulties due to the existing diversity of taxa and the difficulty of distinguishing them as their heads are very small. The memory of the thesis Doctral focuses on a small group of Carex, Carex group muricata (sect. Phaestoglochin. Subgen. Vignea) composed of taxa frequently altered in ways in which was reviewed and assessed the importance of the anatomical characteristics and inflorescence in the taxonomy of this género.En revision nomenclatural group found only six names with specific range correct: Carex coriogyne Nelmes, C. Divulsa Stokes C. Leersiana Rauschert, C. Muricata L., C. Pairae F. W. Schultz and C. Spicata Huds. Nomenclaturales types were designated for taxa that the group still had no type -Carex spicata Huds. And C. Divulsa Stokes- as well as ten other names Carex directly or indirectly related Flora Anglica of Hudson.Para assess the significance of the anatomical characteristics were studied about 250 characters of anatomical cross section of stem, leaf and the skin surface in sight Taxon group Carex muricata and eight other taxa more for comparative purposes. This was combined with a growing experiment in a chamber in a position controladas- of Carex hirta- for six months with different water availability, to discard those anatomical characteristics that vary with the environmental conditions and have no value taxonomic too. Lastly, and because of the great heterogeneity found in the literature to designate the characters were standardized anatomical characters. The heads meet the characters more important for the classification of Carex. The method was applied typological study comparing the structures of inflorescence group Carex muricata and 21 taxa of the four most recognized subgenera Carex, deduciéndose evolutionary trends of each subgenus based on the characters of the inflorescences. For the review group Carex muricata studied around 2500 copies. Of these were selected about 300 for numerical study, which analyzed data anatomical and inflorescence and commented, geographical distribution, phenology, morphology and micromorphology of utrículo and other parts of the flowers. The results describe allow ten new taxa in the group Carex muricata: Carex spicata subsp. Andresii, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, C. Muricata subsp. Cesanenesis, own the mountains of southern Europe and C. Muricata subsp. Ashokae the mountains of the Middle East to India and Tadzhikistan, C. Omeyica, endemic in southern Spain and North Africa, Carex enokii lived in North Africa, C. Cyprica endemic to Cyprus, C. Nordica took northern Europe, C. Magacis living in the Iberian system and the Pyrenees, and C. Egorovae and C. Ottoman living in eastern Europe far Kzakhstan. We assume that the focus of dispersion and speciation is in the eastern Mediterranean (Greece and Turkey). Favored for its opportunistic strategy, this group has had a rapid diversification and has adapted to different conditions climáticas.Finalmente assessed the level of threat of taxa areal taking very small according to the IUCN. Carex magacis, C. Muricata subsp. Muricata, C. Muricata subsp. Caesanensis and C. Omeyica should be included in future catalogs legal.

Author: HIDALGO GRANI ORIANE.
Year: 2006.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE FARMACIA, UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA.

Summary: This thesis aims to provide new information on the evolutionary history of the group Rhaponticum. We have conducted studies of the molecular phylogeny of tribo cardueate and group Rhaponticum by sequencing DNA. Studies were conducted cariológicos and cytogenetic within this latter group, as well as studies of the types polínicos. These studies led to changes in the generic delimitation group Rahponticumy suggested some new evolutionary hypothesis.

Author: HERRERA OLIVER PEDRO PABLO.
Year: 2006.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE PINAR DEL RÍO Y UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE.

Summary: The thesis is included as part of the ecology of the invasion, which has acquired great importance globally. On the basis of the classification schemes published in Central Europe and Canada, is determined and classifies all dicot sinántropas of Cuba (1365 species), disponiendolas into 16 groups according to baseline origin, ecology and date of arrival in Cuba (this útlima only for alien). In the introduction, there are some preliminary about the ecology of the invasion, and after the definition of species sinántropa (species of animal or plant, inextricably linked to human activities, or to anthropogenic action, and that interferes with or not these, as is the case with weeds (which does interfere) and crop (not do), you divide the dicot sinántropas: 1 .- expansive (native) 2 .- invasive (alien, although often naturalized) 3 .- of unknown origin, stressed that the term can only be used for invasive alien species, also called weeds, weeds, plants banalizadoras landscape and invasive plants. background are discussed schemes for classifying plants invasive published between 1903 and 2005, both in Cuba and in the rest of the world. materials and methods, by way of information for readers not Cubans, are the characteristics físico-geográficas the Cuban archipelago and the methodology used, in conjunction with the field work and why was selected only the dicot. results and subsequent discussion, it provides: 1 .- effects provodados by anthropogenic action. 2 .- It defines the actions antrópicas zero, low, middle and high, as shown. 3 classification system artificially in terms greco-latinizados, keys, descriptions and characters diagnoses obtained from field work. Different categories baseline (Greek Latinized: Phydium, Phydium, Phydia ; Spanish: fidio, fidios) subclasses according to the integrated system of classification of angiosperms Cronquist (1981), by gender and by species, primarily using variables biogeographic, and ecological antropocéntricas. The results show that many definitions accepted in Europe and America Northern are not applicable in Cuba and that the most species-rich are expansive ecology estrehca, restricted in the size of its range and generally not domesticables and invasive persist under conditions of climate, soil and vegetation Cuba, but without extenders, usually cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. depends In the first the existence of several native ecosystem of the archipelago, the latter are the most useful plants introduced in the country. thesis is based on the taxonomy classic, on the basis of the identification and classification, which constitute the first stage. ecosystems is concluded that Cubans have suffered heavy anthropogenic action that has led to the establishment of many species of invasive plants, the study of which demand a classification system with the use and definition of variables biogeographic, and ecological antropocéntricas. recommended further study with this assessment: Liliatas, Pinófitos and Pteridófitos.

Author: PÉREZ CAMACHO JACQUELINE DE LOS ÁNGELES.
Year: 2006.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE PINAR DEL RÍO Y UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE.

Summary: The family Dilleniaceae (Dilleniales) grouped 12 genera and about 300 species and subspecies, with a wide distribution in tropical areas. For Cuba, recognizes five genres seven taxa, including two subspecies. This paper describes the identification keys and the different plant communities that inhabit taxa and discusses the characteristics of the sexes fitogeográficas in Cuba. So far, the taxonomic revisions of the family lacked a phylogenetic analysis, which is why we applied a Anállisis Cladístico in an attempt to elucidate the relationships between the genders that make up the family. In the Neotropics are 6 genera and 115 species, which was applied Analysis Parsimonia of Endemism (PAE) (Rosen, 1988), as amended by Morrone (1994) and identified six centers of endemism for the family in this area: Southeast Brazil, the Guianas, Venezuelan Amazon, Peruvian Amazon, the Brazilian Amazon and Choco: identifying the lowlands of South America as their area of diversification. It also proposes areas for the conservation of neotropical species, based on the analysis panbiogeográfico and indexes Complementarity. It identified 27 strokes widespread and 13 nodes for the family in the Neotropics. When calculating indexes Complementarity found 27 pairs of areas completely complementary as no species have in common. The two nodes with greater phylogenetic diversity are among the three priorities obtained by the methods of complementarity: North French Guiana, Guyana and Amapá, constituting the first two priority areas to conserve, followed by Guyana, Bethlehem and Amapá. Taking into account the criteria and congruencias the results in this study and the application of different methods biogeographic is proposed that six hotspots for dilleniáceas in Do the Neotropics: the Guianas including Amapa, Bethlehem, Northern Peru (region Napo- Iquitos) Imerí (Venezuelan Amazonia), and northern Choco region of the Atlantic Coast until Brazilian Bay.

Author: IBÁÑEZ CORTINA NEUS.
Year: 2006.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA, UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.