Summary: The Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) are one of the most diverse insect families with more than 22,000 described species (Yu & Horstmann,
1997) and 100,000 estimated (Gauld, 1997). They are insect parasitoids whose evolution has been developed according to their hosts (Sharkey & Whal, 1992). In the Iberian Peninsula has been studied for many decades (Ceballo, 1956-1963; Izquierdo, 1983-1985; Rey del Castillo, 1984-1992; Bordera, 1987-2004; Selfa, 1987-2003), currently estimated in 2,300 described species (Martín & Lobo in Fauna Iberica, 2000). Today study found more diverse range of taxonomic studies and wildlife. Inciden particularly in the structure of the community in order to determine what changes intra-and interspecific level habitat and landscapes. The results found in studying these mountain ecosystems Mediterranean: Sierra Mariola, Menejador and Carrasqueta (Alicante-Valencia), establishing a rich fauna of 130 species, of which 33 are new appointments to the Iberian Peninsula. It describes six new species to science: Phradis sp.nov, Temelucha sp.nov., And four species of the genus Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829. It also describes for the first time mancho the kind Barycnemis tarsator Khalaim, 2004 and the female of the subspecies Cremastus lineatus ibericus Kolarov 1996. The fenologías of Ichneumonidae cenobiontes found in the study area has two maximum population per year, the first in the spring and the second toward the Ichneumonidae cenobiontes found in the study area has two maximum population per year, the first in the spring and second in late summer and early autumn. Within the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae cenobiontes studied, has been identified as an indicator guild group formed by the subfamilies Banchinae and Cremastinae, apart from these results reflect similar to the Ichneumonidae together, are more sensitive to variations measure of wealth and parts of species, habitats according to a gradient of antropización. At the mountain scenery Mediterranean beta diversity among species or habitat ensemble contributes most to the gamma diversity, the species richness or alpha diversity of each habitat. Finally, the work suggests that the Mediterranean mountain farming, practiced on a small scale and on a seasonal, is a mechanism that allows maintaining diversity in these ecosystems, by inducing a half disturbance to the landscape and be a means of connectivity between different habitats . Accordingly maintenance and consideration within strategies for the management and administration of national parks such as the Sierra Mariola and Font Roja, it is essential for the conservation of cultural diversity.
