MOLECULAR GENETICS

Author: CHECA CORTÉS M. LUISA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Summary: En la actualidad existe una gran proporción de razas que se encuentran en peligro de extinción, cuyas perspectivas de futuro dependen del establecimiento de programas de conservación, que deben estar sustentados, entre otros, sobre estudios de diversidad genética. This paper studies the genetic status of seven indigenous breeds Spanish horses endangered (Asturcón, Losina, Jaca Navarra, Pure Breed of Horse Galician, Pottoka, Mallorquina and Menorquina) using 13 microsatellite, as they have proven to be the most appropriate tool to detect genetic variability among breeds closely related. The seven races were compared with a sample population of the Pure Breed Blood English. Taking as measures of genetic diversity intrapoblacional heterocigosis and the allelic diversity, significant differences were observed between races indigenous to the number of alleles observed, but not for heterocigosis (P less 0.05). Both single Race Majorcan seems to have recently gone through a bottleneck, which is justified by differences between heterocigosis, and the allelic diversity. The dendrogramas constructed from two parent away, and Da FST, with a correlation of r = 0.97, showed both the races and Mallorquina Menorquina grouped in a separate clade of the reso races, being closest to the Race Pure Blood English. The analysis Correspondence races Asturcón, Jaca Navarra and Losina, they contriubyen greater genetic diversity, for the first, second and third factor, respectively. Of the three methods used to allocate or exclude people as irigen individuals, the Bayesian method was the one that best resutlados contributed, with the efficient allocation positively correlated with the level of genetic differentiation between races likely. Microsatellites more effective in the allocation varied with races involved, but there is a positive correlation between the number of markers employees and efficiency in the allocation, although the costs of genotipado not compensate for a job more than ten to twelve genetic markers for this purpose .

Author: CASTELLANO HEREZA SERGI.
Year: 2003.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENT DE CIÈNCIES EXPERIMENTALS I DE LA SALUT.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.

Summary: The selenoproteínas incorporate amino acid selenocisteina (Sec), an analogue of cysteine (Cys) containing instead of S is in the process of translation. This amino acid is coded by the docon UGA, normally used as a termination codon, which prevents the gene prediction programs correctly identify these proteins. For this reason, we have developed specific programs for the prediction of gene selenoproteinas in eukaryotic genomes. These programs have been used to identify new families of these genes in various human, Drosophila, Takifugu i Tetraodon. The results of these studies are 9 new families of selenoproteinas. The annotation correct these genes, has allowed us to begin to know the distribution of these genes and their counterparts with cysteine in the lineage eucariota. We have seen a mosaic distribution of the genes was with S, which could indicate the existence of a highly dynamic process of exchange between Sec and Cys in the evolution of these genes.

Author: SAÉZ HERNÁNDEZ LAURA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FUNDACIÓN JIMÉNEZ DÍAZ.

Summary: This thesis is based on the genetic study of two families who suffer from different types of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (EIG). The family EIG-3 is composed of four individuals: father, mother and two daughters. Only daughters are affected, suffering from epilepsy with absences tested in children and the sister suffers crisis tonico-clonicas primary alone. Both they and their mother are carriers of a balanced translocation, mutual t (4; 6) (q35: p21). Our work consisted in the characters point of rupture in the translocation chromosome 6, where we locate two new potassium channels: TALK-ly TALK-2. These channels are located at 3.5 Kb in Area 3 of the point of rupture of the translocation. We analyze the sequence coding for both channels in 51 individuals with EIG but none of the changes seem to be localized involved in the development of the phenotype affection. The family EIG-24 suffer from generalized epilepsy with febrile crisis plus. Through linkage analysis was associated with the locus 2q24 and locate a spot mutation in the coding sequence of the subunit to 1 of the neuronal sodium channel (SNA 1A). Note that cells expressing channels formed with the subuniadad the mutated had a current density far below cells expressing native subunits. Likewise we see that the time required to recover these channels after inactivation, éra higher in subunits mutadas that in the native. These results suggest that this mutation may be altering the union between the subunits alpha 1 and beta 1.

Author: DIAZ BERMUDEZ AURORA.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: CIFA ALAMEDA DEL OBISPO.
Place of preparation: CIFA ALAMEDA DEL OBISPO.

Summary: The genetic diversity within the species Olea europaea L. Across the Mediterranean Basin is enormous. The conservation of this rich genetic heritage is of vital importance, thus avoiding erosion of the same, leading to a narrowing of irreversible genetic wealth, as is happening in many other crops. Over the past few decades, there has been significant work of exploration, collection, characterization and evaluation of the most important olive cultivars. It is the latter two points where molecular markers play a decisive role. At the beginning of this work were very few genetic markers available in olive. One example is that recently had "developed the first microsatellite in this species. Order to tackle any job identification grow, as well as to explore phylogenetic relationships within the species europaea L. O., it was essential to have a wide battery of markers genetic. For this reason, one of the first objectives of this work was the development of new genetic markers in olive specifically microsatéliteso SSRs ( "Simple Sequence Repeats") and SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms). In the case of SSRs were obtained 12 markers, nine of which exhibited polymorphism (4-15 alleles per locus) in the population of 51 cultivars of olive used for characterization. employment With only four of these new SSRs was possible to obtain a profile genotypic one for each of the 51 cultivars olive considered. Regarding the 11 SNPs found, 3 of them were processed successfully markers type CAPS ( "Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences"), which provided some of the values held by discrimination relativamentealtos (taking into account their nature bialélica), including two of them comparable to those achieved for four SSRs who presented between 7 and 16 alleles in the same population of 51 cultivars olive studied. with the three CAPS markers could be obtained without distinguishing ambigà ¼ age 13 of those 51 cultivars. Two of the SSRs obtained in this work, together with three other selected from those available in the literature, providing a unique and distinctive profile of potential new varieties obtained through controlled crossings within the improvement program launched in Cordoba (University of Cordoba, IFAPA). only in individuals from the crosses' Picual '. "Arbequina' and 'Frantoio'." Picual 'paternity assigned a priori was correct. Moreover, to the elucidation the phylogenetic relationships among 51 cultivars in the study were used 10 of the 12 SSRs here developed, along with five drawn from the literature. data showed a tendency of some cultivars to cluster according to their place of origin, resulting, likewise, those relationships consistent with the dispersal of olive routes, which became more evident among the subgroup of cultivars Spaniards. has been evaluated the influence of various factors on the level of contamination pollen, using four SSR markers . a result, it has designed a protocol polinízación that minimizes the risk of contamination and simplifies the procedures employed. One of the remarkable features of the protocol consists of a single pollination compared to the three that had been done up now. In this connection, the level of inter-compatibilidad between cultivars has emerged as the determining factor in greater measure of success in obtaining the progeny desired 8. De est 2e5 and thus have been classified on the basis cultivars studied his inter-compatibilidad.

Author: ORTIZ LEMUS JOSÉ FÉLIX.
Year: 2005.
University: LEÓN [www.unileon.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.