PALINOLOGY

Author: FERNÁNDEZ JIMÉNEZ SANTIAGO.
Year: 2004.
University: MURCIA [www.um.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA.

Summary: This dissertation complete sequence pollen of the Cave of the Carihuela (Píñar, Grenada), archaeological site whose deposits poliníferos have been dated between the last interglacial and the recent Holocene, which includes industries musterienses, of the Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Calcolithic Bronze. The starting point for research has been the development of the plant diacronía providing deposits Tardiglaciar and Holocene. This new sequence contrasts with the registration Pleistocene dominance in the pollen of Quercus, with a significant contribution from trees deciduous trees and wood elements Mediterranean. In contrast, the sequence Pleistocene is dominated by pine pollen, alternating with indicators of steppe vegetation, especially Artemisia, and Bamboos Asteraceae. Variations of Artemisia and Ephedra distachya-nebrodensis are especially significant maximum pleniglaciares (stadiums isotopic 4 and 2), in conjunction with the regression of elements mesotermófilos, the emergence of crioclastos and microfaunas criófilas. It is also striking that, as happens in many other parts of the Mediterranean basin, the pollen Olea is more important during the interglacial eemiense that during the Holocene. This thesis is also the sequence of Carihuela in a regional context, discussing scenarios under way on the controls of changes in vegetation during the Pleistocene and Holocene Superior and to what extent the deterministic models disagree with those based on the ecology of the contingency. This sequence is used in good resolution of eastern Andalusia, Murcia and Levante South. Finally, it is worth noting that new dating Carihuela place as one of the key sites for documenting the late survival of Neandertales in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, reaching industries musterienses dates around the 21,000 BP. Keywords: palaeoecology, palinología, paleoclimatology, paleobotánica, paleogeografía, archaeobotany, Quaternary, Pleistocene, Holocene Iberian Peninsula, Spain, Andalusia, Neanderthal

Author: MUÑIZ GALA ANA MARY.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: Study conduct annual, seasonal, daily and intraday the types of pollen from higher incidence alergogena in the Galician community. The methodology used in the catchment has been using volumetric type sensors pollen lanzoni VPPS-2000. One of the outcomes we must point out the proposal of a model predicting the types polinicos studied. This statistical model has been validated with data from the years 2005.

Author: GIARDINI MARCO.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE CIÉNCIES.
Place of preparation: UNITAT DE BOTÁNICA.

Summary: This report presents the study polínico and microantracológico two sedimentary sequences obtained in Italian lakes. The first is located in the peninsular Italy, in a central region (Lake Mezzano, Lazzio North), the second in the insular Italy (Lago di Pergusa, Sicily). These lakes, as a whole, recorded the history of vegetation in the past 30,000 years. They are located in areas of the Mediterranean climate and have a long history of human visits. The present report presents the results of the upper of the two sequences. The objective of this work is to obtain, through the direct comparison of the history of vegetation, climate, fire and human exploitation of the territory since the last glacial finale to this day, a synthetic picture of the evolution of landscape the two regions. The basic method of work has been the study of palinológico sediments. Pollen, because of its small size and dispersion patterns in the atmosphere (usually anemófilos) provide an image of vegetation not only locally but also regionally. Similarly, there has been a particular emphasis to the analysis of microcarbones preserved in lake sediments. The parallel study of pollen and the microcarbones, has as its objective the distinction of the two main causes of deforestation, climate change and fire. Understand if a fire is natural or caused is another step fundamentela in determining the significance of the impact anthropic. For the Lago di Mezzano have been performed 17 diagrams, with varying vertical scale. The diagram is presented with synthetic or depths depending on the age calibrated models. According to the chronological model considered more likely, charts covering the last 17,000 years chronology calibrated. For the Lago di Pergusa have been performed 16 diagrams, with different vertical scale. The diagram is presented with synthetic or depths calibrated ages. An analysis of the results achieved were obtained conclusions that are summarized schematically: A comparison of the environmental history of the two towns, the assessment of the similarities i differences, syncs and diacronismos, is the conclusion of the chapter on the premise interpretation and the next chapter of discussion. The two lakes have different environmental stories throughout the Holocene, with dynamic of deforestation, fire and impact anthropic very different. The history of the vegetation is very diversified in both locations, with substantial differences in the dynamics of reforestation and deforestation. The Lago di Mezzano registered with the apparent continuity Tardiglacial, period rarely present in the streams Italian and Mediterranean. Reforestation holocénia is more precocious, fast and blow in the Lago di Mezzano (makes 11,600 years) while it is relatively slow and late in the Lago di Pergusa (makes 11,000 years). Some real forest conditions are among approximately 10,000 to about 7,500 years in the Lago di Mezzano and between approximately 10,000 and 8,200 years in the Lago di Pergusa. A first and moderate expansion of the taxa Mediterranean registers around 8,000 years ago in the Lago di Pergusa as in the Lago di Mezzano. There have been fires that have determined the opening of the forest, on the contrary, they have determined where the forest was already degraded. Fires clear matrix antrópica have been verified in both regions for at least 4,000 years. The climate seems to be a major factor in determining the current landscape. There has been a former abrupt climatic variations, recognized by the use of concentrations polínicas and verified by analyzing mcroantracológico. These are generally more visible and common in the Lago di Mezzano. There have also been verified climate variations more uniform, tendenc 8 ia slow 3b8 (either in wet or dry sense) of the net loss of trees changes taxa. These are generally most visible and common in the Lago di Pergusa. With regard to the human presence, it is hardly recognizable in the two locations until the Bronze Age.