ZOOLOGY

Author: MAGAÑA LOARTE CONCEPCIÓN.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: MUSEO NACIONAL CIENCIAS NATURALES.

Summary: In evolutionary biology differences in success among individuals are crucial because they are the bedrock on which the forces acting selective. The sexual selection explains the evolution of those characters that confer advantages related to reproduction, either because they improve the chances of winning male encounters agonísticos with other males for access to females sexually (selection by the female). Most of the studies in this conceptual framework have focused on the processes taking place until the time of copulation, equating success in mating with reproductive success. However, the processes that occur between the time of copulation and the moment of fertilization a key influence on the reproductive success of both sexes, but they have been little studied because it has not paid sufficient attention to the fact that the females of many species copulan with more than one male during each sexual intercourse. These processes affect the competition esparmática and cryptic female choice. The sperm competition is defined as the competition between eyaculados male rivals by fertilize the eggs of a female, while the cryptic female choice is the choice in the female reproductive tract of eyaculados more competitive or more genetically compatible. The main objective of this work has been to analyze how the two types of sex selection act after copulation influence on the evolution of male and female reproductive characteristics. This has been studied several species of rodents of the genus Mus that differ in levels of sperm competition but are close phylogenetically. It has analyzed the impact of competition on sperm masculinities, demonstrating that the sperm competition influences not only on investing in producicón sperm, but on the quality seminal, including selection of a subpopulation of sperm that nothing faster. Referring to the possibility that there cryptic selection in the female reproductive tract has been shown that in species with high levels of sperm competition, females have oviductos longer in relation to their body size. This finding supports the hypothesis that in species where the competition is often sperm, females increase the barriers tract reprodutor to avoid the polispermia and eyaculados able to select among the most competitive rivals. Since the oviduct is the region tract that the sperm have to overcome swimming actively to extend the oviduct females impose a choice on the sperm can survive greater distances at higher speeds. The increased investment in production and sperm quality seminal species in competition with sperm eyaculados translates into a higher number of sperm. According to the models of risk of sperm competition allocation by eycaulado increases sperm in the presence of a male opponent. The increase is proportionately larger in species with lower levels of sperm competition. This indicates that when levels are low sperm competition, males invest less in the ejaculate but very substantially increase their investment when they detect an opponent. Finally, we have contrasting predictions derived from game theory predict that within the same population of males should invest strategically in the production of sperm depending on the level of sperm competition to facing. The results have shown that in a population of Apodermus sylvaticus males larger body defending terriorios that overlap areas campeo of females, making a minor investment in ta 8 rolled-38e testicle that males small body actúna as furtive. As a result of these differences investment males smaller body not only have a greater relative size of testis, but they produce a greater number of both relative and absolute sperm. The increased production of sperm in absolute terms certainly gives them significant advantages when compulan sneak with females who are in the area of a male territory.

Author: SANS FUENTES M. ASSUMPCIO.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.

Summary: The domestic mouse, Mus domesticus, is a commensal rodent whose standard karyotype is composed of 40 chrome sornas acrocentric. In its natural area of distribution, often reducing this chromosome number due to the presence of a type of mutation called translocation Robertsoniana, which consists of the merger of two central acrocentric chromosomes, giving birth to a chromosome metacéntrico. In Europe and North Africa have been described more than 40 races chromosome, identifying race as a group of contiguous towns that share the same set of chromosomes Robertsonianos in homocigosis. Often chromosome between races or between standard and people will generate areas hybrid made up of individuals with a chromosome number of intermediate between the two populations that have formed, and with a high frequency of heterozygous for mergers offered. Sampling performed in the vicinity of the city of Barcelona, between 1981 and 1997, videnciaron that populations consist of copies with a 2n between 29 and 39 chrome sornas due to the presence of mergers Rb (3.8), Rb (4.14 ), Rb (5.15), Rb (6.10), Rb (9.11) and Rb (l2.13), but there was no evidence of the existence of any race chromosome. Even so it was suggested that it was a hybrid zone between populations standard and a hypothetical race with 2n = 28. Areas of polymorphism Robertsoniano are places potential speciation, either by a strengthening process, or by a decrease of gene flow caused by a reduction in the recombination at pericentromérico on chromosomes Robertsonianos. It is therefore important to consider those aspects that can identify a genetic isolation between populations that make up these areas. In this context, the objectives of this thesis were: 1) conduct a comprehensive study of the population structure concerning the presence of these mergers; 2) determine how it affects the heterocigosidad structural translocations Robertsonianas at the reproductive copies belonging to this area chromosomal polymorphism; 3) assess the degree of genetic isolation between different groups chromosomal through a comparative study of cranial morphology and postcranial; 4) determine the potential relationship between the karyotype and animal behavior. The results showed that populations of mice domestic located in the province of Barcelona and surroundings are an area of polymorphism Robertsoniano may not consider this whole population as a hybrid zone, since it has not been detected any race chromosome. The people of this area operate as units panmíticas separated. It revealed the existence of a new merger, Rb (7 .17), not previously described in any population Robertsoniana of the species. The remarkable size of this area (5000 km2) suggests that the biological effectiveness of individuals carrying translocations are not severely affected. In line with male germ cells was observed increased cell death in those copies with mergers Robertsonianas, especially when more than one translocation has been present in heterocigosis structural. It detected a general pattern of change of form related heterocigosidad structural and chromosome number, although this variation is so mild. The morphological differentiation of animals standard regarding the copies submitted polymorphism Robertsoniano, suggests a genetic isolation of the latter. The existence of genetic differentiation within the area of polymorphism Robertsoniano wine also supported by the significant differences detected in the pattern of behavior, studied by the daily pattern of motor activity (variable regulated by the circadian system). With respect to this variable was obtained that mergers Robertsonianas not affect 8 na the 53e main features of the circadian clock but the modulation ultradiana of circadian rhythm. The pattern of motor activity was shown as a variable appropriate for discrimination between different groups of mice cromosómicamente. It is concluded that mergers Robertsonianas present in this area have contributed to the morphological differentiation and etológica among populations that form, which suggests the existence of genetic differences between them. It follows that the area of this polymorphism in the province of Barcelona and its immediate surroundings is a very appropriate setting for studying aspects of the process of speciation.

Author: GOMEZ GRAU FERRAN.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA . UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: This study seeks to identify and analyze the senoprevalencia of antibodies to toxoplasmosis in pregnant women Gondi of the Principality of Andorra and the inhabitants of the main populations of the region of Alt Urgell (lleida). Bellver and Martinet de Cerdanya (Girona). The study of Andorra have analyzed a total of 1936 samples of women living in the seven parroquías the principality, through technical Immunodeficiencia Indirect have obtained the following rates of seroprevalence of antibodies G-Andorra of Vella .43,9% Camillo: 45% and Sant Julia: 42.95 the overall prevalence of antibodies to type M was 0.6%. note was a significant (pc0, 05) increase in senoprevalencia with edad.La senoprevalencia was homogénia in seven parroquías analyzed. The ALT Urgell were analyzed 2603 samples from patients of all ages and both sexes. The technique used was the engimoonmunoalálisis of minoparticolas (MEIA), prevalencái antibody G was Bellver of Cerdunya: 55.5% Coll of Nargó: 44.4%, Martinet 55.8%. Obiana 53.9%, Organya: 48, 6%, and Sen. d'Urgell 50.6%, prevolencia overall was 51.1%. We observed a significant (pc0, 05) greater seroprevalencía male and also a significant (pc0, 05) increased seroprevalencía cn edad.La the prevalence was similar tables in the localities analyzed. Features geographical oocopaconales were not determinative of the pit of infución. Nor were observed between the different prevalence rural and urban environment.

Author: TORRE COROMINAS IGNACIO.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE BIOLOGIA.

Author: LOPEZ LEGENTIL SUSANNA.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FAC.BIOLOGÍA (UNIVERSIDAD BARCELONA).

Author: DIMITROV DIMITAR STEFANOV.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: This thesis has as its primary objective the study of the processes of colonization and radiation specific genre Pholcus spiders in the Canary Islands that have resulted in a large number of species with an extraordinary degree of endemism. The study of the relationships between species macaronésicas and processes of colonization and specific radiation has been developed in a phylogenetic framework in which, for inferring phylogenetic relationships, both morphological characters were used as molecular. Due to the limited knowledge of the species of Pholcus in the Canary Islands, and to study their morphological characters, a complete taxonomic revision, which studied materials gathered during the course of this work and the type specimen of the species previously described . As a result of the numerous campaigns collection and taxonomic studies were described five new species of Pholcus in the Canary Islands (Pholcus intricatus, Pholcus Bimbache, Pholcus anachoreta, Pholcus corniger and Pholcus guadarfia) and the north-west of Morocco (Pholcus vachoni) . One species was transferred to synonymy (Pholcus gomeroides = Pholcus gomerae) and the remaining 16 species were redescritas. The results of phylogenetic analysis demonstrate the close relationships between species macaronésicas of Pholcus. Independent analysis and characters used, all of them are recognized as a monophyletic group. All results indicate that the vast majority of the species are the result of specific local radiation process, although inter settlements and between the islands and the mainland have also resulted in the formation of new species. For the first time in the order Araneae a non-ambiguous way it is shown that there is a recolonization of the African continent by ancestors from the Canary Islands. We present evidence of the processes of extinction that have suffered the oldest islands and in this respect the two species of cave Tenerife, Pholcus baldiosensis and Pholcus corniger have special meanings. These two species are in a basal position with respect to all other species canary and most probably are the only representatives of radiation oldest. At present these two species have a distribution relicta. The calibration of the molecular clock and the subsequent calculation of the times of divergence suggests that the earliest species of Pholcus come to the islands for at least 7.5 Ma. A very interesting point is the recent and rapid speciation that has taken place in recent 2Ma. Very likely this explosive speciation process is responsible in large measure the acceleration of the molecular clock in the middle compared with the values that are observed in most other invertebrates.

Author: LÓPEZ MERCADER NÚRIA.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA.

Summary: The oceanic islands encapsulate the fundamental ecological processes in a way that serve as natural laboratories for the study of evolution. This work focuses on reconstructing the evolutionary processes that are responsible for generating the diversity of the genus of spiders Spermophorides in the Canary Islands. The study comprises three phases. The first is the taxonomic revision of the species of the genus canary: redescribe gender Spermophorides, establishing six synonyms for canary species and describes for the first time one of the genres for two species. The second phase of the study is the implication of the evolutionary relationships between species canary of Spermophorides. It reconstructs primarily a phylogeny based on 50 morphological characters, then a molecular phylogeny based on partial sequences of the gene ribosomal nuclear 28S and the gene encoding mitochondrial proteins cytochrome oxidase I, and finally, a hypothesis based on evolutionary relationships the combination of morphological and molecular data. For analysis techniques are applied different phylogenetic inference in the context of the maximum parsiominia, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. It chooses the phylogeny based on the evidence joint morphology and gene rebuilt using Bayesian inference. It established two major clades, an umbrella species of the eastern islands and other groups the islands of the West. The position of the species in Gran Canaria remains ambiguous. The third phase of the study testa a series of evolutionary hypothesis in the framework phylogenetic chosen. It is determined that the islands of La Palma and El Hierro were settled by Spermophorides from Tenerife and La Gomera respectively. It provides the island of La Gomera as a center of radiation of species in the western islands. SE determines that the structure of existing communities, based on the combination of species specialist and generalist species, is the result of an active process of taxon cycling. We conclude that endemic species d forests of laurel Teno and Anaga not have a common origin-based phenomena vicariancia, but they come from two independent colonization of the island of Tenerife. It shows that the species of cave canary originates from an adaptive shift. It shows that the apparent parafilia the kind Spermophorides mercedes is actually the result of a phenomenon of incomplete separation of lineage that affects the cytochrome oxidase gene I.

Author: JURADO LOBO VALME.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA [More theses of this university] [www.us.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA.

Summary: In recent years he has devoted special attention to the processes of biodeterioration arising from the growth of microorganisms in environments hypogea. Hypogea environments comprise caves, cemeteries and catacombs. They are characterized by relatively low temperatures and submit constant throughout the year, high relative humidity, being relatively poor in nutrients and organic dimly lit present or absent, except in those places where there d artificial lighting systems. The lighting systems are conducive to the development of biofilms formed mainly by microorganisms fototrofos as cyanobacteria, which also supports growth d microorganimos heterotrofos, such as bacteria and fungi. Using isolation techniques based on physiological and biochemical tests, together with molecular techniques based on the amplification of DNA, usually in ARNr 16S has been shown to the high diversity of microorganisms in environments hypogea. The microorganisms grown more abundant in these environments are Actinobacterias, processes involved in biodeterioration of paintings and works of art. Within the group of Actinobacterias emphasizes the presence of gender Agromyces so far linked to different environments of hypogea. The objective of this thesis is to make a taxonomic revision of the genus Agromyces and description of new species isolated environments hypogea. The testing polifásicas (phenotypic and genotypic testing) has enabled the description of 7 new species of the genus Agromyces (A.hippuratus, A.neolithicus, A.salentinus, a.italicus, A.humatus, A.lapidis and A.subbeticus ) and redescripción of the species type A.fucosus. This has meant an increase in the number of species, ranging from 10 species start to the 17 existing, representing 47% of the total, suggesting the wide distribution of gender in most ecosystems than has been known. In addition, in order to know the role of gender agromyces of cilos biogeochemical of environments hypogea were conducted experiments bioinducción crystals in the lab using different culture media and strains Agromyces caves and catacombs. The results showed that species Agromyces are capable of inducing precipitation of calcium, magnesium and barium in the laboratory, suggesting the importance of species of the genus Agromyces processes biomineralización typical environments hypogea of cultural interest.

Author: TIDU CARLOS.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].

Summary: The objectives of this thesis are: 1-To consider the development of the fisheries sector (as the whole of the catch and port infrastructure) affects the development of aquaculture. 2-Consider the implications of overfishing in aquaculture development. 3-To study the long-term effects of a farm on the open sea on the community macrobentónica. 4-Consider the effects of construction of a port medio-pequeño (such as entering ports in the fisheries sector and acuícula) on the benthic macrofauna. The results suggest that further development of aquaculture practices cage soffshore usually associated with the further development of the fisheries sector, due to increased availability of port infrastructure, essential for companies involved in the cultured fish. There is a direct link between over-fishing and aquaculture development as an alternative activity, which is useful for smoothing the fishing pressure and socioeconomic problems that arise when stocks of high commercial value, decrease sharply. The long-term impact (10 years) of running a farm located 36 meters deep in an area exposed sobrela benthic macrofauna, has been a change in abundance and biomass of any kind normally found in the funds studied, but not meant a change in the composition specified. The influence of the farm studied can be seen at least until the 200 m (maximum distance of the sampled salmon) and is also evident in directions that do not correspond to the mainstream surface. The impacts on the benthic macrofauna arising from the construction of the dam safe harbor of Portbou (Girona Spain), have been spatially and temporally limited. During the dyke construction of the port, there was a continuous state of recovery and regression (stress) dela benthic macrofauna your nearest area, which was associated with alterations granulometric their sediments. The close relationship between fisheries, aquaculture and port infrastructure, is also reflected in their impact among themselves and with other activities. Integrated management of the coastal zone (ICZM) is the best tool to overcome this sectorialidad and thus abandon past practices. One of the basic aspects of the integrated coastal zone management is the fact that the planning of activities that are willing to develop in the coastal zone, must take into account existing ones. The most important consequence of this planning is to consider the coastal ecosystem as a finite system, which determines a restriction of the activities it may perform, in order not to exceed the carrying capacity which negatively affects the quality of their natural systems.

Author: GOÑI BELTRÁN DE GARIZURIETA RAQUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: ALICANTE [More theses of this university] [www.ua.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The thesis project consists of a first module establishes the general state of knowledge on the biology, ecology and fisheries lobster red, Palinurus elephas (Fabricius 1787). The second part of the project consists of three modules that cover in a manner consistent major responses from a pobalcion exploited P. Elephas the cessation of fishing in the marine reserve of the Columbretes Islands: increasing population density as a result of the elimination of fishing mortality, changes in fertility and reproductive potential of the population and the effects of increased the density of locusts in the marine reserve on the adjacent ports. The results show a clear increase in the density of locusts in the marine reserve, a higher fertility to the size of lobsters in the reserve and the potential of eggs per unit area 5 to 20 times higher than in the reserve stocks dela traditional kind dependiedo their level of exploitation. The highest density of locusts in the reserve is reflected inthe adjacent fishery, fishing effort concentrated at its limit, ñy obtaining greater rencimientos in funds adjacent to the marine reserve. For this study were tagged and released lobsters in the marine reserve and for the first time information is used to study processes marked unidirectional export of biomass from marine reserves.

Author: GARABANA BARRO DOLORES.
Year: 2004.
University: VIGO [More theses of this university] [www.uvigo.es].
Place of defense: FACULTADE DE BIOLOXÍA EDIFICIO DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIÓNES MARINAS CSIC (VIGO).

Summary: The thesis provides a merístico and morphometric study of the four species representing Sebastes Gender in the North Atlantic, which are Sebastes marinus, S. Mentella, S. Fasciatus and S. Viviparus. They are used to this two techniques morfometricas different, and morphometry traditional geometric morphometrics, and the analysis of the characters merísticos.

Author: FIZ PALACIOS OMAR.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS.
Place of preparation: REAL JARDIN BOTANICO DE MADRID C.S.I.C..

Summary: This thesis comprises four chapters focus on the resolution of issues filogeneticas, evolutionary and biogeographic the family Geraniaceae well as the gender Erodium. The first chapter deals with relations filogeneticas the family geraniaceae both within the family (among his five genres: Pelargonium, Monsonia, California, Geranium and Erodium) and at the level of order (the order Geraniales consisting of seven families: Francoaceae, Greyaceae, Geraniaceae , Ledocarpaceae, Hypseocharytaceae, Melianthaceae and Vivianiaceae). Besides are reconstructed times and areas of divergence ancestral geographic distribution of different lineages. Also discusses rates diversification of different groups studied and related to biological characteristics. Finally, it explores the evolution of characters morfológicos based on the reconstructions filogeneticas. The second chapter explores the relationships filogeneticas of 74 species of gender Erodium using the marker plastidial trnL-trnF. It also examines the evolution of 24 characters morfológicos based on these reconstructions filogeneticas. The third chapter explores the relationships filogeneticas of 74 species of gender Erodium using the marker nuclear ITS, as well as combined analysis of this marker with the plastidial trnL-trnF. In this chapter investigates the origin of the reticulacion in Erodium species of the genera and eventually reconstruct the possible biogeographic ancestral areas. The fourth chapter deals with the rates of molecular evolution in the order Geraniales and more in detail in the genera Geranium and Erodium, from molecular markers 18S, rbcL, atpB, STI and trnL-F. Get rates replacement nucleotidica under different evolutionary methods and compared between different lineages. It examines whether all markers give the same inforamcion on rates of replacement nucleotidica. Finally relate rates replacement nucleotidica with biological characteristics. The appendix is presented as a first approximation to the reconstruction of the phylogeny of gender Geranium (poseee 420 species). It used 130 sequences of molecular markers trnL-F, nrITS and rbcL

Author: MAZÓN SUÁSTEGUI JOSÉ MANUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA UB.

Summary: One of the pectinidos most important in Mexico is the clam catarina Argopecten ventricosus. The main input biological cultivation of the species are juveniles or seed, which can be collected in the wild or produced in the laboratory. This research focuses on the one hand to the development and standardization of technology for mass production of seed, and second, to applied research for innovation and optimization procedures for the management of adults, larvae, breeding and seed A. Ventriculos in the laboratory. It utilizarón diets natural and cultured microalgae and phytoplankton of estanquerias camaronicolas, and corn starch, artificial diet as a supplementary. Adults players were fitted for their maturation and spawning in the laboratory temperature of 19-21 Â ° C saUnidad of 36-38 ups, fed cultured microalgae (/ sochrysís galbana and Ch. Calcítrans), phytoplankton natural estanquerías camaronícolas, implementing a minimum ration of 2.5 x109 cell / animal / dla, and its combination with starch malz. Players collected in spring and desovados in the short term generate larvae as average height and a growth rate higher than those in winter and autumn, but the progeny of the latter was improved signiflCativamente when they were packed in the laboratory for controlled ripening . The cultivation was carried out in larval tanks fiberglass from 500 to 5000 liters, starting with densities of up to 25 larvae / mi to finish at 1-2 larvae / mi, while the concentration of microalgae (l. galbana and C. calcítrans ) was initiated in 30000 to conclude at 60000 lime / mI. For mass production of seed, it is recommended a density initial 10 larvae / mL, and a final 2 larvae density / mL. Fixing larval began to 12-13 dlas crop when detected a 60% larvae pedivéliger oculadas and entered collectors artificial plastic tanks larval crop. Once the pre-semillas reached a manageable size were transferred to his preengorda, units with upward flow, open or recirculante using microalgae cultivated as a food (l. galbana and Ch. Calcítrans), phytoplankton a estanquería camaronlcola, and combinations with cornstarch as a complement artifICial. The leading cause of death for youth in the laboratory is the entrapment "peer" and the best management strategy for minimizing this problem was the use of cylinders upwelling flow upward, especlficamente designed to handle them. It also conducted the preengorda seed at sea, using baskets ostricolas suspended. Results were obtained adequate, but recommended preengorda in the laboratory. Based on histological and biochemical analysis in gonad, adductor muscle and digestive gland, and comparative studies of larval growth, it is concluded that the results improve significantly supplementing the diet with natural cornstarch for both. As for seed breeding. For mass production of seed is recommended setting larval collectors artificial plastic, preengorda seed in units of upwelling flow upward recirculante with diet natural / artificial and transportation between plates forming a sponge sandwich multilevel. One of the applications of the study was the launch Laboratory MoJuscos of MIDA, Vacamonte, Panama, donated by AECI in 1995. It is recommended to produce at least 3 million annually seed in the laboratory and continue to develop crops cottage in the archipelago of pearls, associated with a program of natural repopulation of banks, currently missing by natural and human-induced causes.

Author: AVILÉS QUEVEDO MARÍA ARACELI.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA UB.

Summary: This study characterizes the population of cabrilla Paralabra xmaculatofasciatus in Bahia de La Paz, as a breeding incrónico with a long periodode desoveque is prolongade Eneroa June where temperaturase mantieneen rangosde 20 to 23Â ° C and fotoperiodoen 12.25a 4.25horas-Iuzidia. The poblaciónestudiadase distinguepor show algunoscaracteresque identify as a kind shermafrodita protoginico showing females smaller (167 +-28.3mmde Ls) than males (189 + -27.9mmde Ls), individuals in transition, with proliferation of testicular tissue and tissue regression ovarian and testicles which have a central lumen that is not used in the transport of sperm, estructurade a epithelium lamelary the criptasespermáticas containing sexually espermatozoides.La transformation showed a temporary marked the months of July to November, when the menoractividad sexual and higher temperatures (27-29Â ° C). In assessing the quality of the eggs and larvae of this species breeding, diets were compared in three players: A) - a dietasemihúmeda, containing 53.9% protein, 9.5% of lipidosy 11.5de carbohydrates, B) - a diet contiendolisa thawed and C) - a mixture of smooth and thawed squid with 67.6% protein, 16.3de lipldos and 7.1% decarbohidratos.Los results showed that fish treated with diet Semihumid (A) produced the largest percentage of viable eggs with the largest size (880-887U), the production of 206-284000huevos by spawning per kg female was not significantly different among the groups studied and its aftershocks, nor was no difference between the index death by starvation, showing that larvae of the three groups studied died between the sixth and seventh day despuésde hatch. The larvae of the three groups of players had the same age (25-30dde) for the exchange of food, larval growth of 2.8 to 3.5 cm longitudtotal to 40 dde with a supervivercia of 4.2%. The youth was engrendraron in floating cages in two densities (1.5 and 2.0 kg.m.3) for ten months, reaching a final weight of 430g, with a growth rate of 2.83 cm.mes'1, 58.35 g. Mes.1y survival of 93.5% in terms of 24 to 30.C, 35.5 ups and oxygen levels dísuelto exceed 5 mg.L. 1 obtaining a factor of condition 21.57, a rate of 1.22:1 and feed conversion efficiency of 71.04% food. These results are intended to show Paralabrax maculatofasciatus as a "model species" to apply in aquaculture development of this and related species in the littoral states in the Gulf of California.

Author: CHIESA JUAN JOSÉ.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FARMACIA.

Summary: The circadian rhythms in mammals are on track with the atmosphere primarily by the effect of light on the nuclei supraaquiasmáticos of the hypothalamus (NSQ). The regulation of rhythms involves specific mechanisms for control of period and phase in the activity of these structures. This activity is determined by synchronizing (coupling) between oscillators autonomous locators in individual neurons. In abnormal conditions as in constant illumination (LL) cycles or luz-oscuridad (cycles T) away from 24h, the pattern of motor activity (MFA) will present various organizations temporary, since arritmicidad in LL in mice and rats, or dissociation into two components with different periods AM that the NSQ can submit answers to the most complex function of a system sólo-fase. SPECIFIC GOALS: -1. Studying the effect of photoperiod on the pattern of the rat AM at the lower limit in encarilamiento cycles T (T22 and T23). The central hypothesis is that the photoperiod is able to modulate the coupling in NSQ, and thus encarrilamiento pattern AM. -2. Studying the effect of activity on the wheel (SR), and the gradual reduction of the period of the cycle T at the lower limit of encarrilamiento pace of activity hamster. The central hypothesis is that these factors alone or in combination may modular encarrilamiento. -3. Studying the encarrilamiento of ritmmo AM hamster in cycles T22 different contrast to verify the predictions obtained through simulations with a mathematical model of the human circadian system. To study the dependence of the previous history in encarrilamiento. The central hypothesis is that the contrast lighting and the previous history can modulate the encarrilamiento. -4. To compare the pattern arritmicidad in rats, generated by the LL obtained in animals with lesions of the NSQ, characterized the structure of frequencies and the degree of correlation of the time series. The central hypothesis is that the term structure of MFA is different between the two groups. -5. To develop a method of getting different variables in behavioral studies of long-term, from data acquisition AM with high temporal and spatial resolution by a gradual manifestation of the two components. 1 a. There is a greater degree of encarrilamiento cycle T with long photoperiods, being higher in T23. 1 b. The period of ongoing free component increases with increasing photoperiod, ensuring the rules of Aschoff low T cycles. 2-RA, and prolonged exposure to cycles T facilitate encarrilamiento pace of activity hamster at the lower limit. 2 a. RA promotes encarrilamiento mainly T22. 2 b. The waning period of the cycle T allows encarrilamiento until T19. 3. The encarrilamiento pattern AM hamster depends on the contrast lighting cycle T, and especially after dela environmental history. 3 a. Increasing the lighting in the escotofase promotes encarrilamiento in T22. 3 c. Changes in the degree of coupling a model multioscilatorio, it can predict the transition coordinating between relative and encarrilamiento observed in the pattern of MA. 4. The animals arrhythmic presented by LL components ultradianos in its power spectrum, while the injured have no dominant components. 4 a. The specter of world powers and the autocorrelation obtained in the area of high-frequency show that animals at LL there is a higher temporal structure. 5. The method developed allows for a fuller description of the AM in the long témino through various behavioral variables, which suggests its potential use in studies cronobiológicos. GENERAL CONCLUSION. The experimental evidence obtained from the study of patterns AM in conditions forced, as reorga 8 tion 2b4 is depending on the amount of light in the lower limit, encarrilamiento beyond the limits predicted by the CRF, or changes dependent Environmental history prior suggest that NSQ is a system that presents plasticity and functional organization multioscilatoria.

Author: FERNÁNDEZ LLAMAS LUCIA.
Year: 2005.
University: OVIEDO [More theses of this university] [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE BIOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The development and expansion of aquaculture has led to an increase in problems associated with infectious diseases in farmed fish. The yersiniosis, or enteric disease of the mouth red (ERM), is among the most important and causing economic losses throughout the world. Its causative agent is the bacterium gram-negativa Y.ruckeri that infects mainly salmonids. Despite the early development of a vaccine prepared from formalin-inactivated cells (Stevenson, 1997), still emerging outbreaks under conditions of high stress or due to incorrect handling. Scant knowledge that are on the pathogenic mechanisms used by this microorganism. Therefore, the main objective of this work has been initially development of genetic engineering necessary to carry out the study of risk factors for later addressing the study of some of them. Among these techniques highlighted by the introduction of DNA conjugation or processing, disruption and complementing gene mutations generated and adapting the technique IVET for fish. The culture media in the laboratory are a limited tool for studying the molecular mechanisms involved in the infection, since it is very difficult to reproduce the complex and changing environment of the host. To overcome these limitations, Mahan et al. (1993) developed a system called breeding technology of expression in vivo (IVET; in vivo expression technology). This technique is a system that uses capture promoters to host as a means of selection and allows the identification of genes that are expressed during infection but not in growing conditions in the laboratory (genes ivi). In this paper we developed the system IVET for application in fish used vector pIVET8 (Mahan et al., 1995), which bases its selection system in vivo resistance to chloramphenicol. This allowed the identification of 14 genes ivi. The partial sequencing of these genes show homology to proteins involved in the formation of biofilms, iron uptake by sideróforos, hemaglutininas, hemolisinas, etc.. Here are analyzed in depth the genetic structure, and regulation regarding the virulence of some of these genes. The results showed the presence of a sideróforo type catecolato (yersiniabactina) and a hemolisina of the same type as that of Serratia marcescens, both involved in virulence. In parallel, we studied the regulation and involvement in virulence of protease Yrp1 previously purified by Secades and Guijarro (1999). To this end cloned the genes responsible for the synthesis and secretion of this protein to then discontinue two of them through mutagenesis insercional and thus obtain mutants not proteolíticos. The results include analysis of their expression in the tissues of fish and its regulation in vitro by temperature, with a higher expression to 18Â ° C to 28Â ° C, as well as its clear involvement in the virulence of this microorganism. In conclusion, the present study has developed a battery of techniques of genetic manipulation in Y.ruckeri and has been pointing the application of the technique IVET fish which has identified some of the genes involved in the virulence of this microorganism laying the groundwork for an understanding of its pathogenicity.

Author: Coll Montón Marta.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias.
Place of preparation: Instituto de Ciencias del Mar - CSIC.

Summary: This paper has used modeling ecological fisheries and the use of environmental indicators to study what is the structure and operation of two marine ecosystems exploited representative of the Mediterranean Sea (south of the Catalan sea and the Adriatic centro-septentrional) and cuáBles are impacts and the impacts of fishing. In addition, the paper proposes a new indicator of ecological impact that has been applied to the Mediterranean area and in a comprehensive manner.

Author: PIQUERES ALFONSO PATRICIA.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [More theses of this university] [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.

Summary: Gender Helicobacter includes 23 species of bacteria microaerófilas. The most studied is Helicobacter pylori, which is responsible for 90% of all peptic ulcers and closely linked with the development of gastric cancer. It is also becoming important species Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter fennelliae by its recent detection in humans. The mechanisms of transmission of these microorganisms are not entirely certain. It has been found H. pylori present in feces, drinking water, milk and vegetables, although very few cases has been isolated. It is not known route of transmission H.pullorum and H.fennelliae. In this work we have put point detection methods Helicobacter spp., Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter fennelliae through traditional PCR, real-time PCR and in situ hybridization with fluorescent probes (FISH), for application in environmental matrix and food. It has demonstrated the ability of plants to act as vehicles for the transmission of H. pylori, despite the fact that none of the samples tested had been detected microorganism. Nor was detected H.pullorum chicken. It has demonstrated the presence of bacteria of the genus Helicobacter water purifier in the river, ditch and the beach, and the kind of H. pylori in water purification and irrigation ditch. Experimental studies have shown that, in terms of environmental stresses, these microorganisms can enter a phase feasible but not arable (VNC), which, despite not being able to be recovered, preserved various metabolic activities and express virulence factors. In this work we have put point two protocols for the detection of viable cells of H. pylori. One method is based on the detection of messenger RNA as an indicator of bacterial viability. Several genes have been tested as potential markers, resulting in the most appropriate gene tlpB, whose mRNA disappears after 24 hours of cell death. Moreover, the method DVC-FISH has proved to be a test sencilloy effective for the detection of viable cells of H. pylori. Its application in environmental samples has enabled the detection of viable cells of the organism in water purification, beach and irrigation ditch. Often underestimated the presence of cells Píloro arable due to the presence of microbiota companion that masks the growth of the bacterium. Many authors have attempted to develop selective culture media to recover H. pylori of environmental samples with high pollution, but they still do not have an effective means. Separation inmunomagnética is presented as a method that allows the isolation of bacteria in a heterogeneous sample due to the specificity of the antibody to become aware that the magnetic accounts. In this study, this method has been applied to environmental and food matrices. In vegetable samples technique has proved effective for the isolation and detection of H. pylori without prior enrichment. However, in the waters there is a nonspecific binding of the antibodies to bacteria contaminants, preventing isolation of the microorganism.

Author: NEBREDA HERNÁNDEZ MIGUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS - UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.

Summary: In this thesis has been compared three types of traps to evaluate their effectiveness in capturing winged aphid vectors of the virus affecting crops of lettuce and broccoli. It has studied the population dynamics of insects homópteros vectors of the virus in lettuce and broccoli: aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae), cicadélidos (hemiptera, Cicadellidae) and whitefly (Hemiptera, Aleirodidae), in two producing regions of Madrid and Navarre, respectively. On the other hand it has been determined the population dynamics of aphid colonizantes lettuce over the growing cycles of spring and autumn in the Community of Madrid. They also have identified the main species of hymenoptera parasites that appear to regulate the population of homópteros lettuce and cruciferous in Madrid and Navarre, respectively. Lastly has assessed the effectiveness of one type of physical barrier, covers agrotextiles, in controlling whitefly, aphids and viruses in cultures of lettuce and broccoli.

Author: IÑIGO PAVLOVICH RAFAEL FRANCISCO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [More theses of this university] [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.

Summary: The meniscus is a very important structure within the knee joint, it is considered that everything meniscus removed totally often leads invariably to the degenerative osteoarthritis by concentration of cargo. To preserve the meniscus, there are many techniques that raise biological stimulation of healing. It is known that there are three areas, a vascular another term and the third the avascular. Injuries to the avascular zone have been considered virtually nil prognosis in terms of its power repair. Thus, in such a way that many techniques have been described to start the biological process of repair, especially those in remote areas of blood vessels. One of these techniques is the use of blood clots in the area of the injury, another is to scrape the edges of the lesion and to name another, making small holes on the bleeding edge of the synovium with intent to bring about the release of growth factors that promote the healing. Of course, it is really important that the fragments are stabilized so that a bridge fibrin comes from one extreme to another. In this paper we present to the radio as a stimulant biological healing. The radio frequency used in surgery, is a supplier of energy érmica to which tissues react in different ways. The meniscus broken for example, suffers a thin line necrosis of less than one millimeter in their edges, but nevertheless, it stimulates the synovial reaction to repair even in some areas considered as avasculares. It carries out the pilot study in the research department of Baylor Hospital in Dallas, Texas, USA. The number two groups, the first group of lambs, there is a previous injury horn of the meniscus near the area of fat (joint capsule), and are observed at six weeks and three months. Due to the proximity of the area of fat that is considered a supplier of blood vessels, the cure rate was similar in both treatment groups (with radio and control) however, in the RF group, staining safranina O for proteoglycan was better as well as proof of the failure of separation until healing meniscal. A second group is made, in which the injury occurs in a middle class and meniscus in the same area avascular. In six weeks the animals are sacrificed and analyzes microscopic specimens. Obteniéndose healing in the specimens treated with sutures and RF and none in the control group. It is concluded that RF can be a new tool and safe in treating biological stimulation of injuries in the avascular zone and semiavascular of meniscos.