ANIMAL EMBRYOLOGY

Author: CAVERO CAVERO M. ANGELES.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE MEDICINA.
Place of preparation: ETSIMO.

Author: JIMÉNEZ BRAVO SILVIA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: This work is based on the study of the species Corbicula fluminea, bivalve invader from Southeast Asia that has invaded over the past century many river basins in the Americas. (North and South) and Europe. Its massive presence has caused umerosos problems (pollution delas natural waters, clogging pipes and condensadoresde hydroelectric plants, displacement of the native fauna, etc.) as well as large pérdidaS economic. Based on the population densities of C.jluminea observed in the river Minho, the reason for this thesis is to establish reproductive biology, larval development and evolution of the population of this species in order, if necessary in the future to establish the appropriate control measures. It realizaron36 muestreosen River MIDo "(pontevedra) durantelos years 1994th 1996.Graciasal use of various techniques (dissections, optical microscopy and electronics, etc.), describes the anatomy of the parties and the soft anatomy of the gonad of Corbicula jluminea, as well, larval development and structure Ydinámica population of this species in the Minho during the two years of study. was concluded that Corbicula fluminea Millo in the river presents a gonad simultaneous hermaphrodite without topographical locations identified for each fraction genital. does not show a cycle Sexual defined (with evacuation of the two gametes throughout the year). fraction genital mutilation in mature copies of sizes llmm and male genital fraction copies when measured 14mm. fertilization was observed. into three zones: the demibranquias internal in the region of gonoducto and follicles gonadales. grávidos copies are in sizes from 13-14 mm. This species has two periods of pregnancy each year, a period from April to May and a second period from June to November (inclusive). c. fluminea in the river Minho presents incubation endobranquial (in demibranquias internal) and synchronous (the larvae come from the same pulse evacuation gametes) larvae. are described and illustrated the different stages of development larval and especially the larvae: trocófora, velígera, the larva pedivelígera and incubated juveniles. copies released juvenile charnela straight 0,24-0,25 mm in length. starts When the study describes three cohorts population, describiéndose a total of seven cohortesen whole estudio.Seproducendos reclutamientosdejuvenilesal year unoen spring (May) and the other in autumn (October-November), which derive from the two periods of pregnancy (April, junionoviembre) above. species This presents a seasonal growth , growing from 6 to 12mm in the warm seasons and not grow significantly (1-2 mm) in the cold seasons. fluminea and maximum length that reaches into the river Miñoes of 32mm and has a half-life of two and a half years.

Author: GONZÁLEZ PÉREZ M. PAZ.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC. BIOLOGÍAS.
Place of preparation: C.N. MICROBIOLOGÍA (INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III).

Summary: This work has focused on the study of human infection by retroviruses (HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-Iy HTLV-II) in the population of Equatorial Guinea. Firstly, there have been two studies of retrovirus HIV seroprevalence and HTLVa from blood samples dried on filter paper. The first samples collected between 1996 and 1998, for various population groups (maternity secondary students, general public and patients in hospital visits) from Equatorial Guinea. The second with samples collected between 2000 and 2001 from patients in hospital visits. The study of detection of antibodies to HIV YHTLV was conducted by obtaining an eluído from bloodstains on filter paper andthe use of Qistintos commercial equipment type and inmunoblot ELISA, which allowed differentiate between infection viH-lo HIV-2 and infection HTLV-Io HTLV-II. Second was conducted genetic analysis of samples positive by DNA extraction, amplification by PCR and posteriorsecuenciación in different regions of the genome of the virus. In the case of VIH-l group M discussed a fragment of the region coding for the protein p17 gene gag, a fragment of the coding region of the protease and retrotranscriptasa gene poi, a fragment of the coding region of the protein Vpu and two parts of the region coding for proteins involved in the (gp120 and gp41) env gene. In the case of VIH-l group O is considered a fragment of the region coding for the protein p24 gene gag and a fragment coding for proteins involved in the env gene. In the case of HTLV-IIII is amplified and analyzed the LTR region, a fragment of the gene poI and a fragment coding for proteins involved in the env gene. Through the use of various software products were analyzed genetic sequences of DNA obtained by determining the subtype isolates obtained, variations intersubtipo and intrasubtipo in all regions analyzed, the presence of resistance mutations to antiretrovirals in the pol gene and analysis of the isolated recombinants.

Author: VELILLA GARCÍA ESTHER.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO.

Author: CANUDAS BECANA JESÚS LUIS.
Year: 2004.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA.

Author: RAMIREZ DOMINGUEZ MIRIAM.
Year: 2006.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE [www.umh.es].
Place of defense: INSTITUTO DE BIOINGENIERIA.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE BIOINGENIERIA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD MIGUEL HERNANDEZ.

Summary: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, an estimated 6% of the Spanish population and the suffering that one third of diabetics are not diagnosed. There are several types of diabetes, the most common type I diabetes type II diabetes. In this research we have focused on Type I diabetes, which is an autoimmune disease in which selectively destroys the insulin-producing cells of the endocrine pancreas. Traditional treatment for this condition has been the exogenous insulin therapy, as well as pancreas and kidney transplantation for patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy. Other alternatives in experimental phase are: the transplantation of islets, xenotrasplantes, obtaining beta cells from the neogénesis and transplantation of insulin-producing cells, focusing on the latter case resulting in cells in vitro embryonic stem cells . To this latter argument raised by the development of a system of cellular reprogramming in mouse embryonic stem cells. Since the beta cell lacks specific transcription factors to be able to design an effective protocol directed differentiation, has been introduced into embryonic stem cells from mouse D3 (target cells) a mixture of these factors from the donor cells to induce in a context endodermal insulin gene I. The method developed is a step further with respect to that described in the literature, consisting of permeabilizar cell with a toxin called estreptolisina-O and then proceeding to incubation with a cocktail reprogramador consisting of a protein extract of the donor cells. This paper has used a system described recently in the literature that draws on the path to introduce transmembrane proteins within cells. This system is based on a domain transduction protein synthesis, consisting of a small peptide that binds pointing out a non-covalent protein to the cell extract. Then enter the cell in the interior so that the proteins with regulatory role on the transcript access to DNA and may initiate a program specific to the type transcriptional cell donor. This first has been to point the way for the introduction of protein extracts studying the effect that could have on the performance end of the rescheduling process different parameters: incubation time, concentration, molecular weight of the protein, cell type diana to use, etc. .. Then we studied the possible role reprogramador that could have nucleic acids present in the extract, confirming that it was invalid and that the only molecules with potential reprogramador were proteins. We analyzed the potential reprogramador of different types of extracts, obtaining optimum results with total cellular extracts native conditions, compared with excerpts citosólicos or nuclear weapons. It also repeated rescheduling of the methods described in cell D3 used as donor cells insulinoma cell INS-1 and mouse pancreatic buds of 16.5 days. It molecularly characterized these 3 types of cells and confirmed the rescheduling of the céulas at gene and protein, but diluted the insulin signal with the passage of time. Thus it was decided to combine the rescheduling extracts protein with a strategy for selecting cellular traps, obtaining a pure population of cells positive for insulin, but type II, neuroectodermal origin because of the growing conditions empledas, confirming preliminary results our group.