MAMMALS

Author: JIMÉNEZ PÉREZ JUAN.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: BIBLIOTECA DEL CAMPUS DE BURJASSOT.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.

Summary: The otter (Lutra lutra) is a threatened species in the Mediterranean area, especially in the case of the Community of Valencia. The evolution in the distribution of species in this geographical area described summarizing data from field surveys conducted between 1984 and 2004. For the use of time, space and resources by the otter, and the response of the species faces its fluctuation, studied two populations of otters found in the rivers Bergantes and Algars, tributaries of tributaries of the margin right Ebro subjected to a regime of extreme water landlocked. Between 1996 and 2000 was marked (by issuers intraperitoneales) and continued (for periods between 1 and 11 months) 10 copies, gaining a total of 4,709 radiolocalizaciones. Simultaneously were quantified the SPR for the species (water and dams) and its spatial and temporal variation. The response of the spatial variation of the otter resources were not seen in terms of dimensions (length of the domains of life or the daily turnover), but in terms of patronage, concentrated its activity in areas with the greatest abundance or availability of water and dams. The response time compared to the variation of the resources were multiple, including reduced activity associated with increased consumption of fish, reducing the daytime activity in times of drought and concentration of activity in areas of isolated pools. As for the changes in diet associated with variation in resources, the diversity of the diet of the otter was basically influenced by the abundance of their favorite prey: barbels. The adaptation of the river otter environments Mediterranean under severe droughts reflected in a pattern very elastic in the use of space, including in times of drought dispersion and concentration of activity in areas of isolated pools, these being the essential structures of the river to allow temporarily survival of the species in the absence of flow. Lastly are some indications to raise strategies for the conservation and habitat restoration of river otters in the Mediterranean under severe droughts.

Author: ACEVEDO LAVANDERA PELAYO.
Year: 2006.
University: CASTILLA-LA MANCHA [www.uclm.es].
Place of defense: I.INVESTIGACION RECURSOS CINEGETICOS.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACION EN RECURSOS CINEGETICOS.

Summary: The main aim of this thesis has been studying the mountain goat from a novel approach, the ecological niche occupied. The status of the mountain goat can be compromised by numerous causes among which are the competitive relationships with other ungulates. These are addressed in this work. To do so, are treated as potential competitors to goats, the deer (because interests cinegéticos has been introduced in many mountain towns), and an alien species, arrui. Studies have shown that in the first instance the ibex is expanding in Castilla-La Mancha, but shows a shift toward environments where inadequate cohabits with goats. In the same vein, the study of the forms of excretion of parasites Bronchopulmonary has shown that they are shared between the domestic and mountain, highlighting once again the existence of contact between the two species. In regard to deer, it is noted that the introductions made in the southeast peninsula has been made in locations outside the dispersive potential of the species. These introductions have forced deer and goat coexistence in the same area which could be established competitive relationship in which, based on the biology of the two species, the deer could move to the mountain as long as the resources are limited. Finally, studies with arrui show that there is a high potential for this species in the study area, the southeast peninsula. Data obtained show that the arrui has not yet reached its niche here optimal. With the current distribution, and despite not being in balance, there are areas of potential coexistence with the wild goat, being environmentally these areas closest to the niche that the latter's arrui. Therefore, faced with a hypothetical competitive relationship, the goat could have certain advantages adaptive.

Author: RUIZ FONS JOSE FRANCISCO.
Year: 2006.
University: CASTILLA-LA MANCHA [www.uclm.es].
Place of defense: INST.DE INVES. EN RECURSOS CINEGETICOS.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACION EN RECURSOS CINEGETICOS.

Summary: The proliferation of production systems hunting increasingly intensive, like livestock, carries serious health risks. This thesis assesses the impact of hunting wild boar on their viral diseases, modeled Aujeszky's disease (AD). Presented below are the results of greater relevance. The virus EE (VEA) has been widely disseminated in populations of wild boar in the central peninsula, while his epidemiology determined by environmental factors and production systems hunting: higher prevalences to higher density and handling more artificial. The serological diagnosis is not enough to determine the status of wild boar with respect to EAS due to the presence of a 45% of infected animals without detectable levels of antibodies in serum. This has implications for the control of farms and transfers. The intensive production systems wild boar have a negative effect on reproduction of this species, and also generate a higher rate of contact with pathogens that observed in natural populations. The epidemiological analysis of the interactions between pig and wild boar with respect to EAS in the central mainland showed a lack of connection between the epidemiology of the virus among pig farms and in the populations of wild boar. Finally, it was noted that vaccination with attenuated strain of VEA business produces an immune response in the wild boar similar or superior to that described in the pig, which suggests that the vaccination could be a method of infection control in populations wild boar in semi-cautividad or before transfers.

Author: Casanovas Vilar Isaac.
Year: 2006.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: Facultat de Ciències.
Place of preparation: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

Summary: ASSOCIATIONS OF RODEDORES OF ARAGONIENSE HIGHER AND VALLESIENSE (MIOCENO MIDDLE TO UPPER) OF THE BASIN OF VALLÈS-PENEDÈS (CATALUÑA, SPAIN) basin Vallès-Penedès (Catalonia), located on the northeastern margin of the Iberian peninsula is an area key to the study of inheritance of Miocene mammals of Europe, as its abundant registration covers nearly all of this period. Recently, due to redevelopment work in a landfill ( "Abocador Can Kill," ACM) in the municipality of Els Hostalets de Pierola (l'Anoia, Barcelona), the number of deposits of micro and macromamíferos has doubled. The study of the fauna of small mammals in the series of stratigraphic ACM has helped provide important data bioestratigráficos for defining the biozonas MN 7 and NM 8, until now based on isolated from France and Germany. It has also established a correlation bioestratigráfica with other basins on the Peninsula as Calatayud-Teruel and Douro. We describe a new species of castórido of Middle Miocene of the ACM; Chalicomys n.sp. This species is already a way of aquatic locomotion very similar to the current beaver. During the redevelopment work of ACM was located a new site, Barranc Can Vila 1 (BCV1), which has released a remarkably complete skeleton of a new species of primate anthropomorphic: Pierolapithecus catalaunicus. In addition, this site has provided a rich sample of micro and macro. The study of rodents BCV1 has helped put this town chronologically in the bottom dela MN7. Between 12.5 and 12 billion years. Therefore this town represents the oldest record of primates anthropomorphic in Pensínsula Iberian. The study tafonómico of remains recovered in BCV1 reveals that tafonómicos different players were involved in the origin of the accumulation. The predation was the main agent of accumulation in the case of skeleton primate, while accumulating most other debris does not appear to be associated with the action of scavengers or predators. The fauna of small mammals BCV1 shows the presence of a subtropical wet forest environment, distinctly different from ambientemás dry and open prevailing in the interior basin of Spain. This fact may explain the absence of anthropomorphic in these basins. It compares the composition and structure of the taxocenosis rodent's Aragoniense terminal and Vallesiense (Middle to Upper Miocene) of the basin Vallès-Penédes with the other two basins Iberian (Calatayud-Teruel and Douro). The results of the multivariate statistical analysis shows that paleocomunidades rodent of the basin Vallès-Penèdes are markedly different from those of the basins in the interior of Spain during most of the time interval considered. The mood in the Vallès-Penedès aprece have been more moist and wooded, asimilándose prevailing in most northern areas. In mid VAllesiense (about makes 9.7 million years) paleocomunidades of roedeores changed sharply in all basins and become dominated by one or a few genres. Still, the biogeographic differentiation in the Iberian Peninsula is sustained during Vallesiense Superior. This abrupt change is known as the "Crisis Vallesiense" and also affected communities macromamíferos, implying extinction in the peninsula own forms of Middle Miocene and adapted to warmer environments and wooded. However, it is unknown whether the event was extended to other areas of Europe. By técncias multivariate shown that the crisis Vallesiense different from faunísticas major restructuring in other areas of Europe, where multivariate shown that the low diversity presented by the Spanish communities mammal after Crisis Vallesiense is due to the absence of taxa immigrants Eastern origin adapted to arid environments and open. It is suggested that the persistence in central Europe covered large areas for mixed forests or caduci 8 pages i 41c mpidió dispersal of these faunas during much of the Upper Miocene. Moreover, the disappearance of subtropical forest in the Iberian Peninsula caused the local extinction of many taxa, as anthropomorphic primates, which also disappeared a little later in central Europe due to the substitution of such subtropical forests by mixed and deciduous trees.

Author: ENES BARBOSA ANA MARCIA.
Year: 2006.
University: MÁLAGA [www.uma.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS, UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA.

Summary: It has developed a new generalized linear model, the role of Favourability, modeling the distribution of species from data of presence and absence, obtaining independent predictions of the prevalence and directly comparable across different species. It has shaped distributions of five mammals, the wolf, the Iberian muskrat, fox, rabbit and the Iberian lynx in Spain. We have explored the problems associated with the modeling of distributions disjuntas like the wolf Check separate modeling may be necessary to model populations adapted to different environmental conditions. It has also explored the possibility of transferring models between areas and between scales resolution Check models of mass distribution are useful for defining strategies for conservation even more local scale. We have studied the relationship between the distribution and abundance of fox and trends in the geographic diversity of their parasites. It has explored the possibility of using the filogeografía compared to a dam and a parasitic life cycle to infer complex movements of a predator populations and definitive host. It has also explored the correspondence between the biogeography of a predator threatened, the Iberian lynx, and filogeografía their prey fundamental rabbits. The modeling of the distribution of species must take into account the interactions between them and the processes ecológico-evolutivos of those who are participating. The filogeografía, on the other hand, may provide new insights on the internal complexity in the distribution of species and clarify aspects of their biogeographical biotic interactions. The integration of all these skills in a multidisciplinary approach allows you to define conservation strategies suited to the complexity of the interactions between species.