ANIMAL TAXONOMY

Author: GARCÍA ORDÓÑEZ M. DOLORES.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTADES DE BIOLOGÍA Y VETERINARIA.

Summary: The kinorrincos are a group of marine invertebrates particularly interesting for several reasons, his overall knowledge is still scarce and their relationships, both within the group and with other groups of invertebrates are poorly defined. In Spain knowledge of this group can be considered virtually nil, so this study began knowledge of this group in Spanish waters and helps increase awareness within the group and try to clarify the measure of their possible internal relations. It is also the first global study on kinorrincos from an intensive and systematic sampling over a wide area, the Cantabrian Sea. Thus in this thesis is the first comprehensive description and characterization of fauna kinorrincos existing in the waters of the Cantabrian Sea, showing that the populations of kinorrincos found to have the highest level of gender diversity hitherto located in the various Studies of this group globally. It is determined and identify the different species were found in the stations sampled, a total 16 different species all new to the Spanish waters. It describes the new species were found, from 16 species, 11 of them are species new to science, 7 of them belong to the genus Echinoderes and 4 of them gender Pycnophyes. And are updated descriptions Semnoderes armiger, Centroderes sipinosus and Pracenrophyes quadridentatus. Finally, it proposes a possible storyline within the genre Echinoderes, with the possible relationship between gender of the group of kinorrincos.

Author: MARMI PLANA JOSEP MARIA.
Year: 2003.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.

Summary: The resolution of the phylogenetic relationships among different species and knowledge of the evolutionary history of their populations are areas that have a particular relevance to sort and classify biodiversity as well as to advise on conservation. The work conducted under this thesis has been used different genetic markers (region AND mitochondrial control, cytochrome gene by a region flanqueante a region nuclear repetitive) to resolve the phylogeny clarify taxonomy and study the history of different populations species d mustélidos (family Mustelidae) and macaques (Macaca gender), two groups of mammals for which the experts have not yet reached a consensus on its taxonomy and including many endangered species. Among the most significant findings include the following: * Within the mustélidos, several species of otters are the only representatives of existing lineages that diverged in the Upper Miocene. Most of these species are critically endangered, which may cause the disappearance of these ancient lineages. On the other hand, there are different species of mustelids-martens common (Tuesday Tuesday) and martens cibelina (Tuesday zibellina) and the European mink (Mustela lutreola), turón policy (Mustela purtorius) and turón steppe (Mustela eversmannii) - who have very little genetic difference between them, which questioned its classification as a different species. * The study of the genetic variability of badger has also provided molecular tools to monitor the trade in products derived from this species (such as shaving brushes). In this sense, the analysis of a fragment of mitochondrial AND control of the region has revealed that in countries like Spain and the Netherlands, where the badger is protected and endangered species, traded from shaving brushes made of animal hairs of this species . * Frameworks refuses (Macaca mulatta) and Japanese (Macaca fuscata) are genetically very similar, which questioned its classification as a different species. Analysis of genetic variability in different populations framework Japanese questioned the classification of the population of the island of Yakushima (Macaca fuscata yakui), which is protected as a different subspecies of the remaining populations of the archipelago. The molecular markers have helped to resolve several issues on the phylogeny, taxonomy and evolutionary history of the species studied. However, molecular markers, despite presenting many advantages, may be insufficient to achieve a goal as complex as sort agencies taking into account their evolutionary relatives, and to use this information to help conserve biodiversity in a more subjective and rational. Therefore it is recommended that the final decisions are taken now, in addition to information obtained from the genotype, the morphological characters and different aspects of the ecology of the species. These will only be possible if there is a close collaboration between biologists and evolutionary molecular, morphological, ecologists and conservationists.

Author: GUERRERO RODRIGUEZ PABLO.
Year: 2003.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: It has conducted a study of the spatial distribution of fauna dorilaimidos (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) and monónquidos (Nematoda: Mononchida) Sierra Nevada and the Sierra de la Contraviesa, in the province of Granada, along a longitudinal gradient broad . We have collected 188 soil samples, which were collected and assembled 8366 individuals. They have been identified 143 species, of which four are proposed as new to science. It was cited for the first time for wildlife Iberian nine species previously known. It has analyzed the distribution of the species found on the following environmental variables: elevation, slope, orientation, quality of gravel, soil texture, percentage of carbonate, organic matter and nitrogen relation C / N, pH, salinity, series vegetation and types of plant communities. Particular emphasis has been placed on the altitudinal distribution. They have been identified 44 corotipos. There has been a regionalization of the territory according to the species identified by defining five major biotic regions. There has been an environmental characterization of the species Frequently, corotipos and biotic regions. The distribution of wealth in relation to environmental variables considered were analyzed using simple techniques and multiple regression, revealing a model of the unimodal distribution depending on the altitude. The combination of variables that best explains the distribution of diversity includes elevation, amount of clay, organic matter and pH.

Author: MORALES PALOMARES SARA.
Year: 2004.
University: EXTREMADURA [www.unex.es].
Place of defense: E.U. DE ENFERMERÍA Y T.O.
Place of preparation: E.U. DE ENFERMERÍA Y TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL.

Author: GUIL LÓPEZ NOEMÍ.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID. FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS..

Summary: This Doctoral Thesis deals with the study of tardígrados from different perspectives (taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity), from data obtained from samples collected in different terrestrial habitats of the Madrid slope of the Sierra de Guadarrama. There has been a compilation of what is known today about the tardígrados, with the goal of being a revision and update of knowledge about the group, because it has been more than 50 years since the only Doctoral Thesis done on the group in the Peninsula Iberian. 1), The taxonomic study of the species tardígrados collected has been entered its morphological description, as well as variability in population and its distribution. As a result of that study, we have found two new species to science and has been cited for the first time: two species in Europe, two genera and 9 species in the Iberian peninsula and 6 genera and 21 species in the Community of Madrid. 2) The phylogenetic analysis and fenético, from the morphological information has been divided into three taxonomic categories: the families of the phylum Tardigrada, genres of class Eutardigrada and especiesibéricas found in the bibliography and in this work. Analysis of the results of each of these levels has enabled one hand, the study and solving various problems herd, and secondly, to determine the adequacy of filogenias to the current classification of tardígrados. 3) Finally, it has conducted a preliminary study on the distribution of the diversity of the group in the Sierra de Guadarrama, from environmental variables studied in two spatial scales: a measure promptly on the sample and another calculated using the average of grid 10 miles behind. The analysis of these results has shown that there is a greater influence of environmental variables on a larger scale space, and also has identified a number of distribution patterns of diversity in the Sierra, according to the environmental variables analyzed: altitude, temperature, precipitation, slope and insolation.