ECONOMICS, 2

Author: SANCHEZ FERNANDEZ RAQUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: ALMERÍA.
Place of defense: Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: In response to the importance of value for the consumer business management and current marketing discipline, and taking into account the considerable fragmentation in this field of study, this thesis aims to deepen and advance the concepts of value for the consumer, providing a conceptual framework and definition of this notion. It also identifies and analyzes the different currents researchers in this field of knowledge, considering a conceptual model multidimensional value and deseñandose a scale for measuring the same. Moreover, under investigation on the relationship between perceived value and a number of other variables of interest in the relationship with the client and consumer satisfaction and reality also demonstrated the ability possessed by the consumer value as a variable segmentation of the market.

Author: AZNAR UNZURRUNZAGA MARÍA JOSÉ.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: Assuming that investment in transport infrastructure financing whose land contributes European funds, are playing an important role in the process of articulation territorial and economic development in Andalusia, arrives at the following conclusion. Structural policy of the European Union is encouraging closer cooperation between the transportation system in Andalusia to the existing parameters in the more developed regions. The instruments are settled bases to facilitate the process of real convergence in the region through the role they performed in the area of transportation infrastructure.

Author: MARTÍNEZ LÓPEZ FRANCISCO JOSÉ.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CCEE Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FAULTAD DE CCEE Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The complex models have been used traditional and growth, both by academics and by marketing professionals, to represent and understand consumer behavior. In this sense, this theory suggests that consumer behavior patterns in which they are based companies to make their decisions need to be closer to a true System Management Support Marketing must provide, in order to to provide greater value to the process of decision management. In this dissertation, rather than focus on quality analysis of the phenomenon of consumption represented by these models ie The theoretical aspects that sustain its validity, reflect deeply on the usefulness of statistical techniques used to estimate behavior patterns which are based on data reported by the consumer. Therefore, we propose the use of generic fuzzy systems as a tool for the discovery of knowledge from gan interest for the improvement of the interpretation and understanding of these patterns of behavior. In addition, it presents a new methodology for modeling of consumer behavior that makes use of learning methods based on fuzzy systems generics. The results of this application methodological cosntituyen an interesting complement to the results obtained by using the classic technique of estimating models of behavior-based structural equation models. Finally, in order to empirically test the methodology for estimation, it is using a complex model of consumer behavior on the Web. Lastly, aumque sometimes referred, for comparative purposes, results for the model using structural equations system, we focused mainly on the results of our application.

Author: BERNARDI CARRIELLO BERNARDO DE JESUS.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE FINANCIACION E INVESTIGACION COMERCIAL.

Summary: FROM STUDY OF CRISIS CAMBIARIAS OCURRIDAS DURING THE DÉCADA NINETY AND THE START OF THE NEW CENTURY IN EMERGING COUNTRIES, LLEVO IS OUT AN INVESTIGATION BY GEOGRAPHIC AREAS FOR ESTIMATING MODELS THAT PERMITIERAN explaining and PREDECIR THESE CRISES. THE AREAS WERE SELECTED LATIN AMERICA, ASIA, EASTERN EUROPE AND CONSOLIDATED OF ALL PAISES.PARA THAT IS JOB TYPE LOGIT WITH A VARIABLE ENDOGENA THAT TOMABA THE VALUE OF 1 IF OCURRIA A CRISIS AND ZERO IS NOT THE HABIA. THE VARIABLE ENDOGENA CONSTRUCTED FROM A MOVEMENT ABRUPTA IN EXCHANGE RATE AND A NOMINAL CRISIS OCURRIA ALWAYS THIS MOVEMENT PERCENT SUPERARA ITS MEDIA Misuse MAS 1.5 TIMES ITS STANDARD FOR THE WHOLE SHOW COMPLETA.COMO VARIABLES EXPLANATORY SE EMPLEARON KEY ECONOMIC , ECONOMIC EXPECTATIONS OF AGENTS AND VARIABLES CONTAGIO. THAT WAS FOUND THE VARIABLE TO APARECIO IN ALL MODELS WAS THE RATE VARIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RESERVES AND OTHER VARIABLES THAT ALSO APARECIERON IN THREE OF MODELS WERE THE DESALINEACION EXCHANGE RATE REAL AND THE RATIO OF CREDIT TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR / GDP .

Author: Trujillo Reyes Juana Cecilia.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: Contabilidad y Organización de Empresas.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Económicas y Empresariales.

Summary: This Doctoral Thesis explores the theory on learning with the aim of proposing a model organization that learns which, through the development and implementation of a measurement instrument, capable of identifying the level at which universities are as Organizations They learn. The thesis discusses specific cases of the Faculties of Economics and Business Administration in two Latin American Universities: one Spanish and one Mexican. This "Model Organization Learn" (AMM) proposed consists of two essential components which are: a circuit of the flow of knowledge through learning and organizational facilitators allowing the movement of the circuit that goes beyond the length and breadth the organization. The circuit called "Conocimiento-Aprendizaje Organizacional (EAC) is based on the Cycle of Learning Kolb (1976, 1984) and the Conversion Process Knowledge proposed by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995). When merged into a single model and to strengthen it with certain elements facilitadotes, such as leadership, teamwork, organizational change, innovation, knowledge management and structure, we try to show how individual learning comes into organizational to transform the tacit knowledge into explicit. Thus, with the introduction of a group of facilitators could be designed to build an organization that learns. An important part of the circuit EAC is the interaction that an organization must have with his client, and that maintaining relations aimed at the detection of their needs can be established strategies to knowledge of it. The application of thumb is done through a questionnaire specifically designed for universities on the basis of the criteria addressed in the model proposed, and whose analysis revealed that, according to the MOA, they do not have optimal characteristics for granted as organizations that learn.

Author: WANGATA TOKO.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: Departamanto de Economía y Hacienda Pública.
Place of preparation: Fac. de CC. Económicas y Empresariales.

Summary: This is a study with dual purpose: first the relationship between the size of welfare included in the HPI-1 and the instruments of a policy of spending, represented by the budget assessments in the social sectors, and secondly, the degree of orientation and the distributive public spending between different groups of welfare (patterns of targeting). As key tools used by uan hand, a model of panel data on 32 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to explore the relationships mentioned. On the other hand, is a study of the mechanisms of expenditure management of public expenditure currently under implementation in these countries. * Conclusions regarding the impacts of expenditure: Spending on health appears as a priority for the purpose of inter-reassignment; spending to the level of basic social services as a priority for the purposes of redeployment intra-sectorial; Public investment in infrastructure, key tool that perite the most vulnerable access both systems market as other benefits of development, which induces a rapid increase of the monetary dimension of the welfare of the poor macroeconomic stabilization as a means to avoid the elimination of Monetary benefits of the welfare purchased by the poor. * Conclusions regarding the pattern of "targeting": On the one hand the impact of the benefit of public spending "in countries SSA is pro-no-pobres (rich). The demands no-compresibles welfare (fixed effect) of these groups determine public decisions rich valuation of different concepts of public social spending. Therefore, they constitute a factor decisiivo the "political economy of targeting." At the same time it has been found that a (resource) to avoid conflicting conflict at the base of this need for targeting countries in SSA is a new formula of advice from external financial partners (IMF, World Bank, UNDP OECD.). The experience from the second half of the 90 has shown that a foreign consultancy based on the principles of participation (embodied in the strategy papers poverty reduction) has been accompanied by a gradual change in the sense of a greater orientation of benefits of social spending in favor of lower welfare groups.

Author: LLAMAS SÁNCHEZ ROCÍO.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: The thesis proposes a model that determines the drivers of institutional change, the introduction of a sustainable practice, the local agenda 21, by municipal Spaniards. The theoretical framework in which institutional supports the theory is an organizational approach that explains the behavior of organizations and how they developed a process of change. It verifies the work that variables such as pressure regulation, immersion and institutional legitimacy are variables that affect the adoption of the practice, as well as other variables such as internal resistance to change, or the ability of these organizations to innovate. In addition it is found affectivity of practice. The findings represent an advance of a theoretical approach consolidated and appropriate to explain a process of change and progress empirical support to these assumptions in a study that analyzes the determinants concrete through a structural equation model which defines the causal relationships between the different variables.

Author: CARO VELA MARÍA DOLORES.
Year: 2004.
University: SEVILLA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The thesis makes an analysis of the freight transport sector in Andalusia, analyzing the economic context in which it is inserted, its direct contribution to the economy and the Andalusian demand for freight transport, studying the characteristics and distribution of traffic. On the other hand, explores the most important factors of competitiveness for the logistics companies in Andalusia, in order to compare them with their immediate environment (Spain and the EU) and develops a set of proposals and recommendations to improve the competitiveness of industry is you Andalusia.

Author: Lopez Perez Raul.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Dpto Teoria e Historia Economica.
Place of preparation: Dpto Teoria e Historia Economica.

Summary: This thesis intrduce social norms, emotions, especially anger and vergà ¼ enza- in the Theory of Games, so explain to a lot of experimental evidence that is inconsistent with the standard economic model. The first chapter reviews the literature on vergà ¼ enza psychological and fault-another emotion to which presto attention here and, based on that literature, introduces a set of axioms in human preferences. Subsequently prove that there is a utility function that can represent a preference ordering that meets such axioms. Basandome in that function utility, the second chapter examines the determinants of compliance-for any normal when individuals are emotional. This analysis also provides a framework with which to understand concepts like reciprocity and trust, who are appearing in a growing inside the experimental literature and theory Games. In the third chapter shows that if we assume that a portion of the population is concerned about a particular standard that becomes a mixture of utilitarianism and Rawlsianismo was ashamed when they deviate from this rule and gets angry when others deviate from it, then the model is able to explain a great deal of experimental evidence. Argument that the model also explains better than other utility models, it is easier and more accurate. The fourth and final chapter apply these ideas to phenomena as diverse as charity and revolutions, again arguing that these phenomena could never be fully understood without introducing rules and emotions within the economic analysis.

Author: MARTIN RIVERO RAQUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: LA LAGUNA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The dissertation makes an analysis of the efficiency in the allocation of resources of the departments of the University of La Laguna through the methodology Dea (análises envelope data). The goal, but to make contributions methodologies, is conducting an analysis of the education sector. Therefore includes a first part, consisting of the first two chapters, which include aspects concerning the environment and the university management, focusing on the case of the University of La Laguna.

Author: AROZ IBAÑEZ MERCEDES.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS.
Place of preparation: BARCELONA FACULTAD C.ECONOMICAS.

Summary: The thesis has been directed to the study of the welfare state in Spain with a field of research aimed at assessing their territorial decentralization in the services transferred to the CAAC. Anliza the state of affairs in the State Welfare in general and in Spain, as a compilation and synthesis. It analyzes the state of affairs in the decentralization of welfare facilities transferred to the Communities Autónomoas with a character instrumental in guiding the management analysis autonomous. In what is the scope of the investigation is done by the management analysis by the autonomous regions of welfare facilities transferred to assess their performance considering the results obtained. A group of Communities has had competition from these public services for over twenty years which allows decentralized management analysis, even if the period has also carried out its own cosntrucción and development of these services within the European welfare model. The study analyzed the educational system and the health system. The methodology used for analysis methodology is based on indicators of management, a system for measuring the performance of the organizations that are consolidating it as a good tool to measure governance. The analysis was performed with a focus on efficiency overall public (value for money) from the use of batteries indicators of Economy, Efficiency, Effectiveness (the three main qualities in the evaluation of governance) and Equity. The assessment made is a given estimate of the difficulty of making comparisons between the regions due to lack of information from homogeneous data of the resources and the results of its welfare policies.

Author: Posada Calvo Marta.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID.
Place of defense: E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales.
Place of preparation: E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales.

Summary: The objective of this paper is to analyze auctions using a methodology based on agents. The simulation-based agents are characterized by a generative approach, bottom-up, and is a methodology derived from systems with distributed intelligence. The assumption that we feel today shared by a large group of researchers in the field of Social Sciences, individual behavior is specified only when coupled with the social learning. Therefore there is no rational behavior or not, or heuristics good or bad, if not in relation to the institutional setting. After reviewing the conventional wisdom in the analysis and design of auctions, we demonstrate that the failure of the auction permits emissions of SO2 from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States could have been predicted with the use of simulation methods based actors here are proposing. This is already a major contribution to test the assertion just do: that the institutional design is as important to achieve efficiency as appropriate specification of the behavior of agents. The methodological individualism can not be separated from social learning and knowledge. The core of this work is devoted to examining the continuous double auction in terms of market efficiency, convergence and individual agents artificial surpluses. Participants in this auction are facing three difficult choices: Do you have much to bid or ask for the product, "Do you when they need to express their sales orders? Do you agree and when an order alive? The answer to these questions depends on the level of artificial intelligence agent. To view the properties that emerge in the continuous double auction, we used artificial agents endowed with varying degrees of intelligence: Cero-Inteligencia (Gode and Sunder, 1993), HTML (Cliff and Bruten, 1997), GD (Gjerstad and Dickhaut, 1998 ), and others. In all these works actors have a fixed strategy. In our simulations allow players to change their type of strategy according to what they learn, so evolutionary. The analysis of our results showed that, contrary to what was stated by Walsh et al. (2002), does not arise Nash equilibria in the proportion of strategies to finally compete in the marketplace. These results show that, although the efficiency of the market is an ecological property and therefore robust compared to the level intelligence agents, convergence and volatility depend on learning strategies. If the players can change strategy evolutionary way, simulations bottom-up we have done show that the final balance depends on the percentage of each type of players on each side of the market. All these results represent another example of the relevance of the generative approach with artificial agents beyond the pilot economy, and an extension substantive and original work earlier in the context of the continuous double auction. Keywords: Double Continuous Auction. Computational Economics. Models based agents. Social Engineering Systems. Social Learning and Methodological Individualism.

Author: COMAS TRAYTER JORDI.
Year: 2005.
University: GIRONA.
Place of defense: UNIVERSITAT DE GIRONA.
Place of preparation: UNIIVERSITAT DE GIRONA.

Author: PARREÑO SELVA JOSEFA.
Year: 2005.
University: ALICANTE.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The proportion of the budget allocated for communication companies to promotions price has increased substantially in recent decades. This increase is primarily caused by the fact that temporary price reductions of significantly increased sales in the short term of the brand promoted. However, the increase in sales of the brand promoted (effect of the same brand) does not have to result in a benefit to the manufacturer or retailer. In this regard, it is particularly important to keep in mind that price promotions not only affect sales of the item promoted, but also affecting: (i) the sales of other items belonging to the same product category (effect crossover between items in the same category), (ii) sales in the periods prior to and / or following the promotion (effect crossfire between periods), (iii) sales of items belonging to other product categories (crossover effect among product categories), and sales of competing stores (effect crossfire between stores). Regarding the existing literature on these effects, there is a broad consensus about the fact that promotions increase the sales price of the item promoted and reduce sales of items. However, the existing empirical evidence on the effects crossover between categories is low. In this sense, this thesis aims to deepen the knowledge on the effects of cross-promotions (effect between items, brands, categories), in particular, to analyze the effects cross between product categories. The methodology developed for achieving the goals outlined above covers the following steps: (i) Initially, at the level of output, extends the model developed by Van Heerde et al. (2004) to reflect the impact of price promotions on sales of other product categories. Then (ii) at the level of product category, it develops a model of sales category that has a structure similar to the model attraction brand developed by Carpenter et al. (1988). (Iii) Finally, at the level of consumers, and diverse models to measure the impact of price promotions on sales of products to retail regular price and the retail benefit, taking into account the differences between rates visit to the store that can carry out consumers. In summary, results of this thesis suggests that the effects crossover between categories have great relevance to retailers. However, although there are interdependencies between the demands of different product categories, their identification difficult if employed models demand at the level of category or item level. Despite these models allow us to a more detailed analysis of the impact of price promotions on sales (cannibalization effect, replacement effects between brands, own effect, category, etc.), they only allow us to incorporate a small number of effects cross between categories. The results also reveal effects crossover between categories that are neither alternative or complementary, but these are located near one another at the store. However, when taken together all price promotions conducted by the retailer, it is detected that there is a strong positive relationship between product sales at discount and sales of products to regular price. It was also evident that the magnitude of the impact of product sales in discount on the sales price depends on the type of regular visits undertaken by consumers to the store.

Author: Azacis Helmuts.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y.
Place of preparation: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y.

Author: Ozkaynak Ortakoyluoglu Begum.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA.
Place of defense: Ciencies Ambientals.
Place of preparation: Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals".

Summary: Given the continued rapid urbanization of the world's population, and hence the increased significance of urban policies on the course of sustainable development, this dissertation seeks to contribute to advances in urban and sustainability studies by introducing a methodological framework within which urban development policies can be framed and assessed in a multi-dimensional and integrated fashion. Based on a project conducted in the province of Yalova, Turkey, the study combines the scenario-building approach with participatory methods as a decision-making support to assess and discuss urban development and sustainability from economic, social and environmental perspectives. Besides integrating the economic, environmental, and social spheres, and given the impact of globalism on local development, the dissertation also aims at integrating the structural influences at global and national levels with local factors and social actors' choices. In this context, Yalova's alternative futures are conceived as plausible and consistent combinations of the local factors and the two key external uncertainties: globalisation, Europe, and the future of social and environmental policies on the one hand, and Turkey's relations with the EU on the other. For local driving forces, an empirical study was conducted in the province of Yalova during 2003. This consisted of 36 in-depth interviews, three focus groups, three workshops, and a survey administered to a total of 1,196 as respondents representative of the urban and rural population. Regarding the global, national and regional driving forces, various global scenario studies and documents related with the EU enlargement and policy were reviewed, and a literature review on Turkey was conducted with a focus on its potential accession to the EU, its economic growth prospects, and the environmental and social aspects of its economic development and urbanization. As such, four city-scale scenarios for Yalova are constructed in a descriptive and exploratory way: Yalova within Triumphant Markets, Yalova within Social Europe, Business-as-Usual in Yalova, and Inward-Looking Yalova. Overall, these alternative futures with their socio-economic and environmental implications provide a background to explore and formulate the paths that need to be taken within a multi-layered system of governance to strengthen those forces that would favour a more sustainable urban development with reference to current problem areas. The Yalova scenarios also help to take a broad look at the connection between cities and their natural environment by using various environmental sustainability indicators, in addition to economic and social ones. With the increased understanding of the role of uncertainty in policy making, it is hoped that the methodology reported here will be of wider relevance to other regional and local authorities considering the need for integrating economic, social and environmental concerns, and alternative strategies for doing so. The general research findings also shed lights into the potential challenges for Yalova and Turkey in the period ahead in implementing sustainable city strategies.

Author: VICENTE HERNANDEZ EVA.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The main purpose of this Ph.D. Thesis has been conducting a comprehensive analysis of the Architectural Heritage Policy in Castile and Leon, with special emphasis on the impact that public policy has been to Heritage Regional from the point of view of their use as a resource economic and cultural and social development. This has involved analyzing all means and resources deployed by the regional government in its development along with the above, and from a broad perspective, it has also taken account of the work carried out by other agents involved for various reasons in the conservation and putting Heritage value in the region. The thesis is divided into two distinct parts: the first part (Chapters 1 to 4) provides the theoretical framework of reference for further examination and he is, first, an analysis of the concept of Heritage and its evolution over time subsequently presents the theoretical foundations of the Economy of Cultural Heritage, in the third chapter discusses the economic fundamentals of economic policies; Finally, he examines the development of policies Heritage in practice and how it is changing what long time. The second part (Chapters 5 to 9) corresponds to the analysis of the Common Heritage developed by the government castellano-leonés in the period 1985-2002 is organized into three blocks: goals, means and tools used and results. The results of the analysis show very significant progress in the period with regard to the conservation and protection of Heritage regional and also that, at present, we need more emphasis on the goal of its spread and profitability social, economic and cultural.

Author: FERNÁNDEZ ALONSO BEATRIZ.
Year: 2005.
University: VALLADOLID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES DE VALLADOLID.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES DE VALLADOLID.

Summary: The paradigm of Finance Neoclásicas is unable to explain the existence of some anomalies in the capital markets. In this context emerges Behaviorismo to provide a plausible explanation for the existence of these phenomena, considering it to the existence of irrational investors that limit the effectiveness of actions arbitration and recognition of the influence of psychological characteristics on proceedings of investors. In this dissertation is deepening in the knowledge of the behavior of the individual investor using an experimental analysis. There is the portrait of an individual who reacts so desajustada before the arrival of new information to the market, appears unrealistic behavior patterns in the price series of titles and estimated over his ability at the time to gather and process information. These biases condition making investment decisions and therefore must be taken into account in the construction of new models and theories about the functioning of the capital market.

Author: CORTIÑAS VAQUEZ PEDRO.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA.
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The aim of the thesis is an analysis of the productivity and efficiency measures on the basis of multifactorial sector of the coal industry in Spain, in order to assess the real situation and causes of the same, along with the applicability of these the measures in a particular case. The analysis comes within the implementation requirements of the existing regulatory framework in the period of analysis, which seeks modular aid to this industry driven progress towards the economic viability of businesses. Since the economic viability of the business has, among other things, to reduce the difference between operating costs and income from sales of steam coal. In order to gradually reduce the amount of aid granted, it is appropriate and this has raised this investigation, a thorough analysis of the sector, applying and adapting the most suitable techniques for calculating productivity and efficiency in companies. The formal approach of this paper begins with a description of the sector, conducted in the most exhaustive possible, trying economic-financial aspects of business, policy and those relating to production. He then discusses the productivity and efficiency from a theoretical perspective and examines the methods of obtaining an appropriate measure for the goals. Finally designing a model based on the envelopes Data Analysis (DEA) to measure the productivity and efficiency of companies in the Spanish coal, along with the application of different rates for multifactorial analysis of the temporal evolution. The main results are the establishment of a ranking of companies in the sector according to their level of efficiency in the allocation of key inputs to outputs obtained. It provides an assessment of the efficiency (or inefficiency) from the standpoint of saving inputs, both from each company and the sector as a whole. It conducts an analysis of the evolution of productivity in the sector, differentiating changes resulting from the technical improvements, change and efficient growth of total factor productivity. It proceeded to explain, using a model analysis of variance, differences in the level of efficiency and productivity of enterprises based on factors beyond whether or not to corporate governance and finally defines a cluster as the development of its productivity.

Author: CALVACHE MARTINEZ ANA MARIA.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA.
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: Among the eighties and nineties was observed in the financial markets of the VE the rise of a new form of representation for the values, "the annotation into account." It was planted alongside the need for some kind of computer system where a centralized accounting of the holding and transfer of securities well represented. To this end, the emerging Central Securities Depository (CDVs), institutions responsible for the accounting and the provision of various services post-trade. The number and characteristics of CDVs vary from one country to another, depending on the size and characteristics of their market. Unjustly considered during years of marginal importance, CDVs have managed to overcome such consideration and establish itself as the mainstay of most basic infrastructure that underpin the financial markets (leer. Report Giovannin i). The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the strategic importance of the integration of these infrastructures post involves meet the challenge of creating a true single market for securities in the VE. Through the study of the characteristics of the sector and analysis of issues and initiatives that currently surround the management and integration of the same in Europe, they have discovered a series of challenges for the EU: how should the regulated sector of CDVs what should be the characteristics of future integration model and how it should take place vigilancia-supervisión sector. This paper provides practical solutions for each of the issues raised under the unconditional premise that under no circumstances efficiency gains can justify a sacrifice in terms of stability. The thesis defines the functions of post and discusses the origin, ownership structure and the position that the CDVs saved within the sector, existing channels for settling border and the relationship of complementarity and replacement, which CDVs have with other service providers of clearing and settlement. In relation to the risks, CDVs stand as institutions of systemic importance, nestle in a unique position to transfer risk to the rest of the financial system. The thesis discusses the different types of risks (risk, credit, liquidity, operational and so on.), And control mechanisms applicable risks. With regard to the regulation of CDVs in the VE, the confluence of a patchwork of different national regulations poorly harmonized poses a major challenge to the EU authorities. This paper discusses the recent initiatives by the European Commission and other international institutions for the management of the sector. It also discusses the framework for vigilancia-supervisión of CDVs and questions whether the existing schemes, based on cooperation, will be sufficient to monitor infrastructure pan-European level. Moreover, attempts to analyze the relationship of CDVs with some of the functions which the Eurosystem is legally entrusted the conduct of monetary policy, the proper functioning of payment systems and safeguard financial stability. It explains the role of the national central banks of the VE as operators and / or watcher of CDVs and poses potential challenges to the Eurosystem for the future. Finally, he examines the integration process in the field of CDVs in the VE, motivations, and barriers in front of the catalytic process, as well as existing initiatives to overcome these barriers. It also discusses the integration models proposed so far (silo model, model Euro-enlaces, etc.) the advantages, disadvantages and acceptance of each of them.