ECONOMICS (4)

Author: CULEBRAS DE MESA ANGEL LUIS.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: In the present work is based the theory on the existence of different ways to innovate in the Spanish economy, which cater to different strategies adopted by our innovative businesses. Thus, within certain uniformidades characteristics of innovation you can say that there are significant differences that determine its phenomenology. That is, the existence of a typology of technological innovation, shaped by a series of "standards" to which our businesses are incorporated. Also in this thesis defending the idea that helps technology policy granted to our companies can be improved. And he has sought also to follow the guidance of this improvement: how have to reallocate resources to innovative companies Spanish: looking thereby overcoming the situation in our economy brilliant nothing in the "slippery" subject of the creation of its own technological innovation. In summary, the five chapters consisting of doctoral dissertations and collects this: In chapter I have tried to translate the theoretical foundations of what will be needed in the following chapters, which is in the "patterns innovation of our companies the key. Thus, the ideas that are going to collect are based on workers on innovation Schumpeter, Rosenberg, Mensch, Freeman, Dosi, Nelson and Winter, among others. Of special mention of Evolutionary Theory of innovation, whose foundations weighs all this work. In Chapter II has done an exhaustive descriptive analysis, through contingency tables, the answers provided by employers in the ESITE-2000, which has enabled show in general how do technological innovation Spanish companies. In Chapter III has sought to obtain the alleged "pattern" that make up the Spanish typology of innovative companies. To do so, always using the ESITE-2000 has been from the information received from 4,312 companies from 146 variables. Statistical techniques have been used for multivariate analysis: factor analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis "or conglomerates and discriminant analysis. The result is the collection of eight patterns clearly identified: the first three consist of highly innovative companies - around 12% of companies innovadoras-: the following three, companies an average level of innovation-70% of companies innovadoras-: and the last two, barely innovative companies, which account for the remaining 18%. In chapter IV has been called "one more step" in the study of technological innovation and what is determined. If the "backbone" of this work is to get those patterns, now, through the innovative typology, has analyzed how the aid is granted national government of the State, the CC.AA, regional and local Community institutions and innovative companies in Spain. Do you have continued efficiency criteria, both technological and productive in the granting of this aid? This is analyzed through a selection of a number of indicators that have been calculated for this. It is noted that the key variable in the firm to receive aid is R & D, almost exclusively, not being considered other very significant help to reduce the technological gap with the most innovative countries, or others that would increase the level of approximation of income and welfare with the richer countries of the EU Finally, Chapter V, is presentna the general conclusions drawn from all the work and give guidelines for improving the efficiency of aid technology policy in EMPIs Spanish.

Author: SOTO RUIZ MARIA.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: In the process of managing marine resources subjected to commercial exploitation, there are a number of uncertainties that fishery science seeks to address, in order to improve their knowledge on the state of stocks and advising managers to the exploitation of the resource is done in an efficient way. Likewise, the fishing industry is affected by the uncertainty, not only about the state of stocks?, Ie how many fish there are at sea and how many were captured in the upcoming fishing season? But also because economic conditions in the market: changes in the prices of catches, imports and exports, prices of fuel in international fisheries agreements, and so on. They are all factors affecting the income of fishermen. Therefore, variables and parameters used in fishery science are suffering from various kinds of uncertainties. Some in nature per se, or at least by the limitation that man has to deepen their knowledge on the marine environment, and others, because the data are skewed and models not present fairly the complexity of reality . The objective of this thesis develops a simulation model which, in a general way, to have in mind the type of uncertainty identified and, in particular, to analyze those affecting the implementation of strategies in the management process of some fishery. That is, once it has completed the process of collecting data for evaluation of the stock and have established management measures necessary to carry out the sustainable exploitation of the resource, the final step in the management process is the implementation of these measures or strategies, and compliance by the fishing industry. Â What do then fishermen on these measures?, Â To what extent can be determined that a management strategy (eg, maintenance of fishing mortality to levels that would produce some catches equal to the maximum sustainable yield, MSY) is to meet or not, and what is the effect on the state's appeal on the economy and the sector that: - There is no certainty in the level of fishing mortality exerted on the stock because it ignores the real power fishing fleet. - The fishmongers trying to maintain revenues from the fleet when prices of catches went down. In addition, Â what biological and economic indicators are more robust to judge the success of the implementation of a management measure?. To answer this series of questions, in this thesis develops a model to simulate the dynamics of the stock of Atlantic yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and the Spanish-seine fleet in the Atlantic, where the uncertainty is constructed with random variables in different stages of the management process. Some of the most important conclusions obtained in this thesis are: * The management of yellowfin is needed to ensure their sustainability for economic reasons, social and supply. * Through simulations have shown that more conservative management based on control effort, taking into account the uncertainties that affect their failure is the most appropriate biological and economically. * However, a management based on monitoring of catches can be made more effective so that people reach the level of MSY provide faster and less economic stability. * The choice of benchmarks (in terms of production, biomass and fishing mortality), it is important to assess the impact of management measures, depending on the goals they seek to achieve. * The economy of the fleet is more vulnerable to the uncertainty in the catchability and surrounding properties, the state of the stock. Therefore, the cooperation of the fishing industry to improve knowledge.

Author: ZAMARRO RODRÍGUEZ GEMA.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: Education plays a major role in the studies of labor economy, and in particular the economic performance of different educational levels is a key parameter that is of great interest in various areas of economy, as well as for the evaluation of public policies. Despite the fact that there are different ways of defining the educational performance, most of the literature has focused on the performance in terms of wages that individuals can obtain. The method traditionally used apara estimate this performance is to perform a regression analysis of the logarithm of wages observed on a variable that reflects the educational level, including in the equation all those exogenous variables that can affect wages. However, the main concern to obtain estimates of this mode is possible endogeneity of educational variables. The traditional solution to these problems is to assume that the returns are constant for different individuals and using instrumental variables for the variables of education. However, it is natural to think that individuals can obtain different returns from the same educational level. In this case, there is no single educational performance but a distribution of performance and the assumptions that the estimates using validated methods instrumental variables disappear. Then, there are two problems in analyzing the distribution of income. The first, it is determining what extent position distribution is valid for resolving public policy issues, and second, how to obtain this measure. This is precisely the purpose of literature moderate yields on education. The first method is being proposed to solve the problems that arise when we have a distribution of educational performance, is to specify a model for structural equations wages and individual decisions and obtain estimates under different assumptions about the distribution of errors the model. However, despite its popularity, this estimation method has been criticized because its validity depends on the assumptions made distributions. Moreover, it raises directly the identification and estimation of the parameters relevant to the evaluation of policies. This method has focused on the transition from bachelor to college and seek various measures position in the distribution of income without making distributional assumptions. If there is a distribution of income among the population and educational individuals decide that the educational level attained in the light of these returns, it will not be enough to focus the analysis in the transition is awarded to college. This is because those individuals who reach bachelor constitute a selected sample of the population. Therefore, if what interests us is to get conclusions that are valid for all people, we must take into account the dynamics and the time in which decisions are made. This is something that has not been given much attention in the literature, when estimating yields of education. In this dissertation is estimated returns to education, in terms of wages, considering different methods and stop using data for Spain. Also, it discusses the problem of how to introduce the dynamics of the educational decisions at the time of estimating yields reflecting a significant contribution methodological and is central to the thesis. Finally discusses other aspects of education decision. Specifically, it looks as household characteristics influence in the choice of school and type of expenditure on education of children during the period of compulsory education.

Author: MARTINEZ MERINO JUAN LUIS.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The aim of the thesis is twofold. First, rigorous analysis and updated an economic tool in the context of environmental policy: systems Permission Emission Trading (PEN). Second, the empirical analysis that enables us to draw conclusions on the feasibility of its application in Spain for thermal power generation, resulting in their production process emissions of SO2. We refer to both the static efficiency, lower costs to achieve the reduction target, and the dynamic efficiency, make those competitive cleaner technologies, and in particular technology in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). The methodology to be followed in empirical development is as follows: 1-Gathering data on production and broadcasting technology and plant. 2-Definition of scenarios and assumptions. Scenario without combined cycle and production technology of the year 2000, and the stage with combined cycle. It is considered a general framework for both scenarios: growth of electricity production (5% cumulative period 2005/06, and 4.7% period 2007/10) maintaining fuel prices, increased consumption of fossil fuel for addressing production. 3-Model forecast production and emissions to the year 2010 in various scenarios. A SCENARIO NO-COMBINED CYCLE: Scenario 1: Production and broadcast accumulated large. The increase in production is calculated for years by applying the percentages of growth scenarios considered as a whole. To estimate emissions using a linear model, calculating the parameters of a linear regression line, and that emissions are a function of production. Scenario 2: Production and broadcast by technology. Scenario 3: Production and broadcast by source. B-STAGE WITH COMBINED CYCLE: In this scenario analysis is done by technology. It is estimated the increase in total production for each year. An estimated participation in the production of combined cycle. The difference between total production and generated by combined cycle is divided between the different technologies according to their percentage of production. Once calculated for each technology are applied their production rates means to obtain emission forecasting emissions. Scenario 1: Incorporation of the combined cycle trend in production. Scenario 2: Pessimist, low incorporation of combined cycle. Scenario 3: Optimistic, massive incorporation of combined cycle to production. 4-model costs. In the absence of data managers, it applies a model that allows us to give indirect values to the non-emission of sulfur dioxide. We get a range of value for not emit one ton of SO2 ranging between 250 and 750 euros per ton. Because of the breadth of the fork as determined average 500 euros per metric tons, and standard deviation of over least 100 euros per ton. Then the range to be considered in this analysis is to 400-600 euros/Tm.5) Collected data on production, cost and emission reduction for each scenario and assumptions is to design the system PEN (reduction levels for each scenario, the amount of permits, so allocation, and so on.), which will determine the players who are potential buyers and sellers. We apply the range of potential economic value to emissions for each source or technology envisaged under the scenarios outlined. We note that companies cleaner will cut its cost of generation by the economic value potential (VEP), which involves making less than its competitors, while the most polluting sources or technologies increase their costs. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a system of tradable emission permits (PEN) on the sulfur dioxide (SO2) makes it possible to reduce these emissions efficiently. Reduces the costees generation to cleaner technologies.

Author: PEÑA MARIAN FIDEL.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the determinants of innovation activities of the Spanish companies in the manufacturing sector of the reference period 1990-2001. This has been used panel data from the Survey of Business Strategies of the Public Company Foundation. In doing so creates a model that explains the decision to innovative, distinguishing process innovation and product innovation. It defines and uses Stock Knowledge Innovation, which is the knowledge acquired by the company with innovations, such as primary variable innovative effort. In this role, as does the Knowledge Capital Stock, R & D expenses are an input that explains the differences in value-added business, but taking into account that this is a random variable explanatory dependent variable censored . Also in the proposed model is considered that there are other factors affecting the estimation of innovations. These factors can be subdivided into two groups: characteristics of enterprises (size, capital intensity, vertical integration, export, and foreign participation in the joint venture), and variables that describe the market (state of demand, degree competition, uniformity of the product, entry barriers, transparency of the market and technological opportunities). Treatment of econometric estimates of innovation takes into account that the dependent variables are binary, and that several alternative models are used to estimate static and dynamic versions. An estimated Probit models fixed effects model panel Probit random effects, and a two-stage procedure for modeling the effects linear. Empirical evidence obtained in this thesis, points out that there are different determinants in decisions to conduct innovative activities, depending on whether they are in process or product. The most important conclusions regarding innovations are: innovate in the past more likely to innovate in the future; met Schumpeter's theory on the size of companies, in terms of process innovations; also fulfilled theory Shumpeter respect to the concentration of companies in the innovation process and product, and finally, the variable Stock Knowledge Innovation, while impacts on innovation does not provide much information. A second objective of this dissertation is to analyze the influence of innovation in the productivity of manufacturing enterprises in Spain. Indeed, the aim is to know how they affect productivity estimates models of product and process innovation, above. The productivity of enterprises are defined and calculated as waste Solow, which takes into account market power, yields scale, and utilization of productive capacity. The role of estimating productivity, as well as incorporating the estimates of innovation, contains other factors affecting this model such as: concentration of market penetration of imports, and the state of demand. Treatment of econometric models productivity is carried out through regression using data from the panel. The most important genetic models Productivity is that the innovation process has a positive impact on the productivity of companies, while product innovation has a negative impact, so that the decisions of innovation affecting firms' productivity .

Author: BEJARANO VÁZQUEZ VIRGINIA.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: In a context of globalized economies and highly competitive as currently in force, the main motivations of this thesis were mainly TBC: * The role of combinations of business in all its forms (economic growth strategy, financial or contractual ), as a mechanism to respond to the challenges and opportunities offered by markets in which the key to success seems to rest and a joining of forces to achieve the objectives value creation and competitiveness. * That the process of accounting reform opened in recent years by accounting regulators reference of this investigation (FAS-IASB) has been effective, also taking into account the change in strategy adopted by European Union in the area of accounting (gradual adoption of IAS / IFRS approved by the IASB), obliges our commercial legislature to reform and adaptation of our accounting policies to that body must have disappeared in a future disparities in the present, as well think that will happen, since the our future draft General Accounting Plan (PGC), incorporates two unpublished rules: one dedicated to business combinations, and others to "joint ventures". The methodology includes an analysis lógico-deductivo of major regulatory and informational texts, mainly periodic updates, published in recent years by the GASB and IASB. An analysis "theoretical", which is complemented by a empirical work based on a questionnaire sent to 35 companies configuradoras of stock index IBEX-35 to July 23, 2005, which aims to provide research on the degree of uniqueness desirable. The goals are focused on: * The analysis and exhaustive description of the concept of "business combinations", trying to help overcome ignorance conceptual traditionally has affected our accounting legislation, as well as to clarify the terminology gap between one area and another and that has resulted in an erroneous parallel between the concepts "merger and division" and a concept of "business combinations", in principle, with a coverage area of more than one. It examines the evolution of the concept since 1998, and problems, with special emphasis on those caused by "control" and its role in reporting relationships based on de facto control, as well as the coordination groups. * The analysis of the main changes incorporated in the accounting treatment applicable to intangible assets, with special emphasis on the impact of the relaxation of the traditional criteria for separate registration of items (probability and reliable measurement), as well as supported in a identifiability unpublished two criteria: the criterion legal-contractual, and the severability. * The revised accounting treatment applicable to the goodwill, both existing and especially now in draft form, given the enormous significance and impact that the proposed changes could have on business practice, analyzing the various inconsistencies found among the conceptual basis defended the FASB and IASB, and its specificity rules. * The changes incorporated in accounting for negative goodwill and contingent liabilities, the latter, a source of incosistencias largest observed in the new accounting system of the IASB, as well as in terms of cost restructuring, affected by incosistencias.

Author: NAVARRO PASCUAL REYES.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The imbalance of the government usually decompose in a cyclical component, which is identified with the automatic derivative changes in revenue and public expenditure caused by the budget items that react, without international public performance, changes in the economic cycle, and a component that normally is called structural, which corresponds to the portion of the cash balance that remains even in full employment for being independent of the business cycle. However, I believe this concept of structural conflict with the basic and permanent doctrine attached to it. That is, in some authors identify the component that is not dependent on the cyclical juncture with the structural component, but I think what is not cyclical, we can classify as discretionary, not always have the permanence that usually attaches to the structural language conventional economic. The ultimate purpose of this dissertation is to offer two new tools for assessing fiscal policy. On the one hand, the breakdown of the balance discretion of the government in its occasional component and structural useful to show the degree of difficulty that is the reduction of the public deficit. On the other, the so-called neutral balance adjusted whose aim is to show the necessary compensation by the government for the private sector in case of an excessive vitality. That is, under normal circumstances, even in cases of insufficient demand private behavior neutral public sector will be determined by the balance neutral, whereas in those years in which the private demand pula strong (2004), the public sector it will be forced to compensate private economic performance with greater austerity public (measured by the balance neutral set), because this will encourage the inflationary process. It is what we call asymmetric approach neutrality. As for the results should be brought basic two messages: first, in recent years, the public sector in the strict sense far from satisfied with a balance should submit a balanced high surplus to act as a strong pulse of compensating private demand. Second, the government should make further efforts to reduce the structural deficit. Reduction claiming improvements in the fundamental problems of the Treasury.

Author: GOZALO DELGADO MARÍA DE LA O.
Year: 2005.
University: NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA [www.uned.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute to the theoretical and empirical analysis of the effectiveness of development aid from the macro level. After unprimer introductory chapter in which they describe the relevance of the field of study, the objectives, methodology structure of the thesis, the second chapter reviews the most prominent areas in theoretical research related to the macroeconomics of development aid. There is traditionally the emphasis on the analysis of the impact of aid on growth process in general or through some intermediate variable as savings or investment. However, as are the governments of developing countries receiving the bulk of the aid flows, to understand the way in which policy makers use these flows, it becomes a linchpin to study its impact. Therefore, this thesis chooses to elect the government's response as receiver of the transmission mechanism to explain the macroeconomic impact of development aid. The research is based on theoretical literature genetic models fiscal response, which was revised in the third chapter, along with the rest of theoretical progress on aid and the public sector. In the fourth chapter formulated a model of respect prosecutor, detailing the alleged most relevant and emphasizing the differences from previous proposals. The basic assumption of the model is the consideration that aid can be anticipated by the recipient government in drawing up its budget plans. The inclusion of the expectations of aid in the budgetary goal leads to three different scenarios that allow theorists pose a significant comparative study. These scenarios show that the total effect of aid varies depending on three major factors: first, whether or not aid is expected by the host government: second, the extent to which the aid expected to affect the government's budgetary decisions and thirdly, the compliance by the donors of their aid commitments. Additionally, the estimation of the model is carried out taking into account the distinction between refundable and non-refundable aid, paying particular attention to a key variable in developing countries, as is the external public debt. After the three theoretical chapters indicated, the second part of the thesis builds on the previous estimate of the proposed model for the Central American region. The methodology used in the empirical estimation is based on the econometric techniques associated with the latest models of simultaneous equations and the time series. It uses the methodology of stationarity of the series, processes and autorregresivos cointegration techniques as a way forward in the literature on fiscal response to the aid. In particular, have been chosen case study of Costa Rica (chapter five) and Nicaragua (Chapter sixth), two countries with very different evolutions both from the political point of view and from an economic and social perspective. This allows to conduct a comparative analysis of both cases, examining the role played by flows of aid in explaining the different developments. The thesis ends with the seventh chapter devoted to the findings, which reflected the inferences drawn from theoretical and empirical research conducted as well as the lines of future research to continue the work begun in this dissertation.

Author: PÉREZ ESTÉBANEZ RAQUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC. ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The research aims to provide a study on the networks created between micro, both formal and non-formal, focusing on those that use micro network as a form of cooperation and whose activity is the environmental management consulting, as well as learn strategies applied for micro to form networks to make compatible the need for a large scale with the convenience (and need) to have small size, and serve both the business sector, especially micro entrepreneurs, and decision - institutional. The book is divided into two parts: on the one hand, a desk study of micro-networks between them and the broad and specific environment in which they operate and on the other hand, an empirical analysis of a particular group of micro integrated into the field of environmental management consulting. The theoretical study consists of four chapters (second to fifth), which makes an approach to the concept of micro, are considered its relationship with the environment, and discusses the different types of relationships between companies and specifically between microenterprises. The second chapter includes an approach to the concept of business and employer, to expose, then the concept of micro and their characteristics as well as introducing the concept of a small businessman and close with the different legal forms that can take microemprendimiento. The third chapter deals with the environment, both general and specific, which operate micro and micro networks. The fourth chapter describes the different ways in which companies are establishing alliances with other companies, since the intercooperation through mergers. The fifth chapter corresponds to the micro networks, showing both its origins and evolution as the typology of the same. The sixth chapter comprises two parts: the first presents the description of the methodological research, covering the research method used, the research design, selection of the sample and its size, the techniques used in the collection of information to treat as well as collecting. The second part comprises the results of the processing of data collected from the questionnaire developed. The seventh chapter presents the findings of the investigation, as well as to achieve the objectives, the limitations of the study and proposals based on the results. Finally arose future lines of inquiry. The final part of the work consists of bibliographic references, used and annexes, which include the questionnaire and sent using the database of companies and the results obtained and processed through the statistical program.

Author: Montegut Salla Yolanda.
Year: 2005.
University: LLEIDA [www.udl.es].
Place of defense: Facultat de Dret i Economia.
Place of preparation: Universidad de Lleida.

Summary: To improve competitiveness, companies in general and cooperatives in particular, must adapt their strategies and organizational structure to the dynamic environment of today's economy. The success of these depend to a large extent on its ability to acquire adequate skills and resources to achieve new competitive advantages, with the aim of continuing growth and diversification. This research work is aimed on the one hand, try to learn what are the major competitive factors and variables management of cooperatives that determine its development and success, and secondly, if contrasting factors such as the size, technology and innovation, quality, cooperation and financial aspects, explained greater efficiency and profitability of the cooperatives. The analysis is applied to a sample of 108 mills cooperatives Catalunya. To carry out the study, we used both primary and secondary information. The primary information has been obtained through a survey conducted postcard to the mills cooperatives Catalan. The secondary information has been obtained through the Annual Accounts that these entities are required to deposit at the Registry of Cooperatives. The results obtained are consistent with those collected in the literature to emphasize the importance for the success of the cooperative mills have the financial capabilities, the position and technological innovation, quality, size and the new information technologies.

Author: LÓPEZ GAVIRA M. ROSARIO.
Year: 2005.
University: SEVILLA [www.us.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: This Doctoral thesis is devoted to the study and analysis of the controversy that their cista the fact that the auditors have become businessmen multidisciplinary, ie addition to the work of auditors, others offer multiple services to their customers. The market for audit services has undergone tremendous changes in recent times. The auditing firms spent to provide only audit service to offer its customers a wide range of services different from what until recently was its traditional activity. Therefore, the objective of investigaicón is this work to study in depth the phenomenon described above with the aim of proposing possible solutions to the conflict. Here, from the base of the current legislation, we intend to build a regulatory model for the optimal performance of these additional tasks.

Author: RODRIGUEZ DOMINGUEZ LUIS.
Year: 2005.
University: SALAMANCA [www.usal.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE ECONOMIA Y EMPRESA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE ECONOMIA Y EMPRESA.

Author: RUIZ JIMÉNEZ Ma. CARMEN.
Year: 2005.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y JURÍDICAS.

Summary: This thesis aims to study the overall organizational control function in a specific area: the government of cooperative societies. This first profindizamos to study the control function and the development of a theoretical framework which help us to the empirical study. Once reviewed the literature on organizational control propose a model in which we include all those highlights and scattered in the literature, which we believe can form an ideal framework to study the function. With this starting point we began a review of those theoretical approaches that in one way or another relate to organizational control. With this we have the theoretical framework in which defines a series of questions about research that leads to empirical study. In this case and the recent concern of the organizations and their members for the achievement of good governance and the implementation of codes of conduct, we intend to explore how the government controls the Andalusian cooperative societies engaged in the development of oil olive. The overall objective stated above is broken down into two sub-goals: 1. Knowing what causes leading to the members of these organizations to monitor, control  why? 2. Describe how this control,  what features characterize the control exercised by these partners?. The results enable us to reap the most significant aspects motivating and induce partners to exercise a greater degree of control over the governing bodies of the cooperative as well as the basic features of this behavior.

Author: TINTO ARANDES JOSÉ ANTONIO.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID (FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES).

Summary: Among the many factors believed to have caused a huge impact on the spirit of international competition, the effects are produced by the Country of Origin (EPO) (sometimes referred to as Image Country of Origin IPO), calling these powerfully care the international scientific community. While there is a long tradition in the investigation of the concept of 'country of origin' and 'imagen-país' there are few studies to understand the importance of these concepts and their relationships with the image of direct investment firms in generating a 'trademark country' enabling positioning in terms of marketing products and services in a country in the international community. In the Spanish case, the majority of research on Spain's image abroad, just show aspects associations images on the perception of Spain abroad, most apparently there are no scientific studies that connect the various components that make up the brand image of Spain abroad and seek to explain the rationale behind it. Because of the strategic importance of this topic for Spain and the process of investing abroad, mainly in Latin America. She explores the impact the brand image of the most important investment companies delos Spanish and Spanish residents in Venezuela, in the process of formation of the overall brand image of Spain in that country, respect moderated by the degree of knowledge and the degree of sympathy that have Venezuelans on Spain. This image is primarily measured in terms of experiences for consumers Venezuelans. Based on a process of systematic review of the existing literature on the subject, building a relational model with the assumptions proposals that will be validated through the methodology of neural networks. By conducting a survey of 384 people in the district capital of Caracas, Venezuela, the proposed model is powered by obtaining results demonstrate that allow relations raised. It was evident problems image Spanish investment firms and how these affect the brand image of Spain in Venezuela. It posed in the light of the findings important implications for the international marketing of Spanish companies and the government. KEYWORDS Image brand, Effect home country, the country of origin Image, Image dela Spanish investment abroad, Spanish investment in Venezuela, Model formation of the brand image, Experiences consumer attitudes toward one country, Image of foreigners, Etnocentrismo, foreign direct investment, Simpatia to a country, knowledge of the country, through modeling neural networks, International Marketing.

Author: CASTANYER BONNIN PRISCA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: CCEE Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: CCEE.

Summary: Field work in depth on Cashpor Microcredits (CMC), replication of the Grameen Bank which operates in Uttar Pradesh, Guides with the aim to find out whether an institution is financially sustainable level, but especially if you social work among its users. That is, if CMC is a program of comprehensive development, or if it is an entity that only gives loans. To that end, three questionnaires were applied different and complementary to managers, workers and users of the entity, once calculated the corresponding samples. The data obtained were subsequently treated with SPSS and Barbwin.

Author: VEGA FERNANDEZ JAVIER.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: CAMPUS DE SOMOSAGUAS.

Summary: This thesis tries to clarify whom have been different methodologies that people have used to assign value to things. It begins with an analysis of the theories of value that have underpinned, throughout history - from the classical Greek thought - until now, different economic doctrines. Subsequently focuses on the different models of valuation of companies that have been developed over the twentieth century and are currently in place, concluding that the Present Value stands as the only methodology for the valuation of assets financial. This methodology, despite having been banned for millennia, it has tried to replace it easier application procedures; ratios, which has been ably transvestite to generate new models for value creation, remains the only reliable reference , consistent and versatile we have to measure value.

Author: SANCHEZ TORRES JENNY MARCELA.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: SALA DE GRADOS FACULTAD DE ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES UAM.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID.

Summary: Technological advances have led to an information society in which the use of and access to information are a source of wealth. While information technology that allow such development are dramatically important, more significant areas of application, which brings with it a number of changes in the everyday lives of citizens, namely, education, health, culture, business, and so on. The assessment of the implications that these phenomena cause is undoubtedly urgent and necessary. This thesis is that the valuation assumptions of a public policy to promote e-government should include the three perspectives of the same: 1 - The citizen's. 2, - The technique, 3-for the administration to respond to questions such as what is the scope of e-government applications, what factors develop or limit what their positive and negative impacts, what is the degree of use and distribution of such services. Therefore, the aim of the thesis, it is not another, to submit a proposed methodology for evaluating public policies designed to develop e-government, so that such methodology response to questions from the scenarios. The complementary objective is to validate the proposed methodology through a pilot test in the strategy "government line" of the Colombian State, in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of the proposed methodology and provide a holistic view of the state of e-gvoernment in Colombia.

Author: MASIAS ASTENGO JAVIER MIGUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: Investments in infrastructure are vital to emerging countries such as Peru, to be a platform that will help support the development and economic growth: It is urgent to address the shortfall in funding for infrastructure projects in order to reduce transaction costs and therefore, improving levels of competitiveness. In this sense, comes as a response to the situation planted the need for financial concessions of public projects and tourism projects through financial assets as asset-backed securities backed by cash flows generated from these projects. The shortage of issuers is not the result of a shortage of companies in Peru, it is mainly the product of the lack of conviction and Know Hoow companies and organizations with the potential to access the merado securities. Hence, the importance of promoting and disseminating any initiative to promote awareness of the opportunities offered by the capital market. That is why, this doctoral research work aims to study the economic feasibility financial titulizar cash flows of concessions as a solution to the problem of financing public service projects in Peru. In line with this objective, it has been taken as an exploration of the tourism project "Rearrangement and Rehabilitation Vilcanota Valley in Cuzco," and has been proposed as a mechanism for financing the same issuing bonus securitization demostrándose the feasibility of this mode beyond any alternative, such as public indebtedness.

Author: OTERO RODRÍGUEZ JORGE.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: In the airline companies to create value is divided by achieving a capital of financial and operational flexibility and by implementing a risk management program. Corporate governance aims at maximizing the benefit in the long term because the effects these companies have to have a capital of sustainable competitive advantages. The sustainability of these benefits depends on maintaining flexibility and reducing the volatility that affects the outcome of the airlines.

Author: MARTINEZ PELLEGRINI SARAH EVA.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The thesis examines the effects of economic integration and economic development policies in the state of Baja California, Mexico. This builds on the theoretical framework of endogenous development and economic convergence and elaborates the territorial organization of production in the region. It seeks to identify the level of articulation of the region's economy in networks by proposing and implementing a methodology for the identification and evaluation of clusers.