FOREIGN TRADE

Author: AMATE FORTES IGNACIO.
Year: 2003.
University: ALMERÍA [www.ual.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC.EE. Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FAC. DE CC.EE Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The fundamental objective of this work has been to demonstrate that progress in the integration process of MECOSUR has increased the net profit of contrivuir a mission monetary between these countries, thus achieving a better level of economic integration and specifically the adaptation of a single currency, which makes the country partícipantes meet the criteria optimidad that estaablece the classical theory of the "Best Money areas" after having achieved such a level of integration. Therefore, firstly, we have analyzed the theoretical foundations of the phenomenon of economic integration, then we have analyzed how the single esperiencia integrated in the American continent, with particular hincapíe in the case of MERCOSVE later, we approached the study of t fourth of the areas best monetary finally we applied the models escojidos, but studied the possibility of a single currency in MERCOSUR.

Author: VILAGI BALAZS.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA [www.uab.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO.

Summary: The thesis adapts macroeconomic models recent open economies to analyze the problems that characterize the emerging countries of Eastern Europe. In particular, we studied the effects of the asymmetric growth in productivity has on the real exchange rate, the domestic real exchange rate, ie the relative prices of tradable goods to non-tradable and the real exchange rate Externally, ie, the relative price between domestic and foreign tradeables. It shows that price discrimination is a necessary condition to explain the correlation between nominal exchange rates and real, and the appreciation of the real exchange rate observed in these emerging economies. It also shows how the assumptions of targeted investments and cost adjustment in investment help reproduce the slow adjustment of relative prices in response to differentials in productivity as well as the appreciation of the real exchange rate externally. Thirdly, the thesis studies to determine the optimal exchange rate of these currencies with respect to the euro when these countries enter into the European Monetary Union. Instead of using exogenous criteria for determining the exchange rate, this paper uses a welfare function derived from the theoretical model. Also proposed is a algorithms to determine the optimal exchange rate according to the exogenous variables and state of the union. It shows that while the deviations of the real exchange rate on its equilibrium level have a major role in determining the exchange rate optimal, it is not the only variable to consider. Other variables such as inflation or last real wages also influence the choice of optimal parity. In addition, the phase of the cycle foreign demand for exports and disruptions in productivity are important exogenous variables to be taken into account in an appropriate political decision. It shows the importance of this type of model-based assessments and decisions based on external criteria may lead to results subóptimos. Finally, the thesis considers the implications on the welfare of introducing explicitly unemployment in the macroeconomic models of open economies. In particular, it compares the effects of a devaluation in unexpected savings with and without welfare if the deterioration in the terms of trade, offsets the increased domestic consumption. However, when there is unemployment, a devaluation may increase social welfare since it improves the distribution of consumption in the population.

Author: SAURE PHILIP ULRICH.
Year: 2005.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMÍA Y EMPRESA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POMPEU FABRA.

Summary: The thesis has two parts. The first part develops a model to assess the impact of international trade on growth of economies in transit. Identifies disadvantage of argument infant Industry "which has been previously unnoticed: protectionism may reduce growth in the long term it reduces the local demand for goods with high potential for growth in productivity. In addition, it analyzes the effects of international competition among economies in transit. You can show that they are pushed up the scale of quality products enjoying growth. The second part examines subsidies in trade agreements. The best of sustainable agreements includes grants inefficient sectors. When the comparative advantage grows, declining industries are protected. Budgets key to these results are essentiality of imported goods and flexibility of the industrial structure. It is shown that under an industrial structure more rigid subsidies sectors competition figures destabilizes trade agreements.