ECONOMY OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE

Author: CRUZ JIMENEZ ELICET.
Year: 2003.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [More theses of this university] [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: ADMINISTRACIO I DIRECCIO D'EMPRESES.
Place of preparation: ETSEIB, EDIFICI H Campus SUD.

Summary: The new challenges of the knowledge society are forcing all organizations, commercial and non-commercial, to remain vigilant and well informed about the critical signals from the environment. The objective has been to remain alert and to reduce the uncertainty inherent in the ongoing processes of technological innovation. The university and research groups, as key players in these processes must assume changes and new concepts to help them comply with the demands of society. This research explores the Intelligence Technology and its potential contribution to the activity of Technology Transfer conducted in the framework of the University Relations. The study starts from the definition of a conceptual framework for the Intelligence Technology, University Relations for the Company and for Transfer of Technology. The existence of few integrated approaches Intelligence Tecnológica-Transferencia Technologies shows a low interest at the international level on the development of theoretical and empirical issue. The Spanish context has been characterized from the systems, services and activities identified in Intelligence Technology Web sites Offices Transfer Research Results (OTRI), as well as from a questionnaire made to the directors of these offices . The systems and approaches identified in Spain have an informative and directors of OTRIâs recognize use traditional ways of monitoring the environment and show some resistance to the introduction of these concepts in their daily activity. It proposes an approach for the Intelligence Technology Transfer which is based on the principal requirements of valuable information, which will support decision-making processes. The new requirements Intelligence Technology for Transfer of Technology have been related activities for the protection and licensing of patents, with the creation of new businesses, finding partners, and participation in major international projects. The development of two case studies has allowed an assessment of the impact of the proposed approach in two areas of research in the Polytechnic University of Catalonia. With the results has been provided to investigators information on the sector organizations patentees which may constitute potential partners, potential partners, potential patent infringers, or potential competitors. Lastly, have raised the findings of the investigation and some directions for future work. The validation of the approach to information requirements for businessmen, and the use of informal sources of higher technological content and local, studies Intelligence Technology are some of the ideas commented.

Author: ORTEGA GOMEZ NATALIA.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA [More theses of this university] [www.ub.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The paper contrasts the hipótisis that the sectoral composition, size and the origin of the capital of Spanish industrial companies have conditioned and will continue to influence the state of technological innovation in Spain. In particular, these features help to explain the level tecnologíco the Spanish Economy se situe away from the more developed countries of the world, and that the similación technology has a key role in advancing tecnologíco of industry compared to the generation of technology . Also at work is to relive that these features of the industrial fabric Spanish have limited the results of the polítice technological level, which has not had suficentemente into account the needs and technological shortcomings of industrial enterprises Spanish.

Author: SABATE GARRIGA FERRAN.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [More theses of this university] [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: Sala del Llac del Rectorat de la UPC.
Place of preparation: ETSEIB, EDIFICI H Campus SUD.

Summary: The consolidation of the Internet phenomenon has meant creating marketplaces that compete with traditional markets. According to classical economic theory, the Internet retail markets should provide a more efficient market, as the consumer pose low cost search for information related to price and product characteristics, and this is an approximation of the model competition perfect. More efficient market should imply the existence of lower prices, smaller differences between the highest and lowest price of a product when considering the various shops, and a price variability characterized by a greater number of changes and a smaller magnitude of change. This thesis is, in the case of retail sales of music CDs, whether the Internet channel presents a more efficient market than conventional. The measurement of efficiency and the comparison is based on the indicators: Level, dispersion and price variability. The research hypotheses are formulated on the basis of such indicators and in relation to all disks, the News and Intemporales. The analysis was conducted by Price in Shop and Prices End, the latter being in shop prices plus shipping costs, for purchases on the Internet, and Prices in the shop more Acquisition costs (cost-shifting, time and emotional), in the case of purchases in the conventional channel. Two scenarios are considered Cost of Shipping, one of urgency and one of normality. The empirical analysis is based on prices collected for 6 weeks, in April and May 2004. Each week captured the price of 20 disks (10 of News and 10 of Intemporales) in 8 shops in the market on the Internet and other 8 of Conventional obtained in total, 1603 prices. The geographic scope set in relation to the shops was the conventional channel of the city of Barcelona. The findings on Prices in Shop Conventional stress that the channel is configured as a market equal to or more efficient than the Internet. Surprisingly demonstrates a higher price in the shops the Internet, as dispersion, and prices, but changed more times on the Internet, they do it with greater magnitude. These results contradict the theoretical assumptions and are interpreted as a lack of maturity of the Internet in this market, that several factors could explain. Regarding Prices Finals, the results show a higher efficiency of conventional channel connection to the Internet, especially in the arena of urgency. Overall, the spread is equal to or greater on the Internet, and the variability of greater magnitudes of change. The Acquisition costs to be assumed to demonstrate best price on the Internet are very high, with a minimum estimated at best, next to 6â ¬. In addition to the immaturity of the channel, highlighting the role of Shipping Costs for reducing the efficiency of the Internet. They have a high dispersion, in the most extreme scenario urgent shipments. It is suspected that traders are aumentándolos artificially towards increasing their benefits, which is consistent with a lack of transparency of information on this aspect. We conclude that changes in trade policies relating to the shipping costs, as well as developments in the logistics sector, are going 8 riables 2c8 relevant in relation to the efficiency of markets.

Author: PARALERA MORALES CONCEPCIÓN.
Year: 2005.
University: PABLO DE OLAVIDE [More theses of this university] [www.upo.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: In our work deals with the problem of locating in Andalusia incinerators specified risk materials (SRM) from a number of locations chosen through a multi-approach. To select first, discusses the situation in Andalusia on the number of slaughterhouses, MER waste that is generated, the absence of incinerators, etc.. Secondly, in order to determine what might be the most appropriate location for the installation of such incinerators, have been taken into account economic criteria (cost of installation, maintenance and transport) and social (social rejection, irrigation and desutilidad collective maximum). The basic problem that arises is to collect waste generated by the 53 abattoirs in Andalusia (cattle, sheep and goats) and transport them to incinerators, which should be installed in any of the six locations chosen. Such transportation is undergoing various population centers and are designed to do so with minimal economic and social costs. Once the problem will be addressed in one way and another, depending on whether it was decided to install a single incinerator or more. In the first instance methods are used to solve problems multiobjetivos discrete as the promises and the Theory of Utility Multiatributo and in the second case, for the continuing problem, methods metaheurísticos.

Author: PERERA JORGE GUSTAVO HORACIO.
Year: 2005.
University: BURGOS [More theses of this university] [www.ubu.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLÍTECNICA SUPERIOR (LA MILANERA).
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: The generation of models such as environmental process Knowledge Management, is represented using structural modeling interpretative or conceptual and semantic networks, which link the cognitive elements or objects through contextual causal relationships and inheritance of attributes, respectively. Both qualitative modernization methodologies have been developed, recitals their foundations formal lógico-matemáticos. They have been applied to the presentation and systematic organization of the changes inherent in modeling, considering its use in correspondence with case studies and empirical applications. The structural modeling interpretative it uses graphs oriented or digrafos based on the interaction between elements. Each step involves a transformation isomórifica, representing the directed graph with a minimum number of edges, using a binary matrix. The implementation of an iterative procedure computer and partitioning (ratio: level; digráfos separate disjoint subsets and strong and strongly related subsets) of the matrix reachability or transitive closure of the adjacency matrix leads to a list of items ordered; the canonical form and finally to model structural interpretation. In semantic networks as genetic modeling holistic development, using structural or functional between cell nodes generating cognitive status of accumulating information to represent and structure knowledge. The compositional language representation, prayers and related events, based reasoning mechanisms in the representation of the facts, not the facts themselves. It is used for first-order logic or calculation of first order predicate equal to symbolize the reality in terms of objects or entities with individual identity and predicates on objects, with the knowledge, using frames a total order, without ties feedback. Knowledge, whose creation depends on a facilitator, or seems belief is certainly justified, it is tacit or explicit, ensuring in this alternate expresable symbolically with a ribbon MÃ ¶ bius intended topological uniláero. Under the correspondence between components semióticas strong speech gnoseológico and environmental modeling, confirms the assumption being it, the result of a process of Knowledge Management, where tacit knowledge is shared [(1) sharing of tacit knowledge] , and accounted for creating concepts or abstract entities [(2) creation of concepts and (3) justification for concepts], which are related and linked functional or ecuacionalmente through formal structures calibrated [(4) construction of a prototype], to be then verified and validated [(5) leveling crusade concepts].

Author: LARA PALMA ANA MARÍA.
Year: 2005.
University: BURGOS [More theses of this university] [www.ubu.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: The knowledge has led scientists to a challenge of major dimensions. In it, man forging his most extraordinary challenges, and its acquisition is constituted with a view to improving and evolving structures of thought. The approach has been the most innovative proposal of its management as well as the value of the same organizations. The interest aroused by the management of knowledge in this era of globalization has impacted so in the business world, which has become a commodity. Knowledge is bought, sold, it must meet requirements of excellence and is perishable, ie if they are not renewed, obsolescence may lead countless losses. All this has changed the strategic vision of signatures, reaching become an item to keep in mind in the process of generating value. Their presence as well as the evolution of it is already part of the corporate initiatives. To optimize this factor has been developed this Doctoral Thesis whose foundation is the creation of a model of self-worth named "Model of the Six Stages of profitability Knowledge" (M6PROK), through which it seeks to achieve the following: 1-To demonstrate that knowledge management is applicable to small and medium enterprises in the services sector, in the case of industrial electrician and telecommunications. 2-Justifying the qualitative aspect of the study, whose raison d'être lies in the consideration of important elements such as customer requirements, competition, training and manufacturing tools necessary to get value in all of them. 3-Testing the reasoning and quantitative side, whose parameters allow the valuation of the intangibility that itself holds the knowledge, whether the state of knowledge, the relevance of it, the cost of knowledge and cost no-conocimiento. In turn, this research study is configured by three pillars theorists, are learning and its relation to knowledge, knowledge management and embedding in the services sector and, finally, the attribute of intangibility, which feature along with harnessing the knowledge of the customer and competition, share and is the raison d'etre of both systems, knowledge management and business services sector itself. The empirical observation of the propositions put on the same hypothesis, derived different possible states of profitability to report to a company investing in knowledge are, profitability very short, short, medium or long term strategy and situations no-renatibilidad. The conclusions and aportaicones on the results allow, in addition to achieving its goal, outlined the most significant aspects in their proposals is demonstrated an obligation to turn knowledge into tangible reality, so that the uncertainty about the same adherence ensure accurate effectiveness.

Author: LASTRAS RODRÍGUEZ CARLOS ALBERTO.
Year: 2005.
University: REY JUAN CARLOS [More theses of this university] [www.urjc.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y SOCIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y SOCIALES.

Summary: ERP systems are currently the nervous system that supports the activities and functions of companies. The reasons for their birth are found on the needs of businesses since the early seventies lso as to have an integrated system that would support the business functions, initially manufacturing and finance. At present ERP systems provide support to all the business functions, including management of the chain of exploitation and management of customer relations. Studies on ERP systems, reveal not only the growing demand for these systems and their evolution, but also the evolution of businesses from a traditional structure to the enterprise networks, with their expressions of supply chain, extended enterprise and virtual enterprise. In this thesis deals with the cycle of life of the ERP system, analyzing the first two phases of decision making and procurement. It reviews the categories of introduction, the main actors and activities throughout the life cycle of the ERP system, and international deployments centers powers of multinational corporations. In this dissertation, firstly, it gives step-wing question whether ERP systems can be a source of sustainable competitive advantage for companies that have achieved a successful implantation, finding evidence of this source of competitive advantage for those companies that have made a proper project management and effective use of the system. Secondly, it addresses the issue of the importance of the attributes that affect the decision-making and purchasing of ERP systems with the aim of identifying and understanding what are the aspects that influence this decision making, differentiating trials of collective directors, the collective judgments of technologists (the latter are project managers, consultants and managers of ERP systems of the business unit ERP technology consulting firms). Once analyzed the results of this investigation we will ask validate resutlados using a more representative sample of the Spanish business world. So as to determine if there are significant differences depending on the size of the company, or depending on the degree of internationalization of its activities.

Author: González López Manuel.
Year: 2006.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [More theses of this university] [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: Faculdade de Ciencias Económicas e Empresariais.
Place of preparation: Faculade de Ciencias Económicas e Empresariais.

Summary: The services to knowledge-intensive enterprises (SEIC) are among the activities that have experienced higher growth in recent years in developed economies. These services are characterized also by providing expertise, potentially useful for business innovation and client organizations. That's why, as various studies indicate, play an important role in innovation systems. Moreover, studies have addressed the spatial dynamics of these activities, notes that SEIC are highly concentrated in the regions that contain large cities productive metropolitan areas, in the event that European coincide largely with the capitals different countries. It is for this reason that the analysis of the dynamics of this sector has had some bias towards these regions, there is a significant shortage of literature linking the SEIC with other regions such as the peripheral regions. In this paper we ask two questions of research: a) What factors explain the growth of SEIC in outlying regions? Does this growth some hallmark? B) What role fulfill the SEIC in innovation systems in peripheral regions? What is the impact, if any, of peripheral status in that role? To answer those questions was carried out a detailed study of the case galician, trying to illustrate the case of a peripheral region. For that were analyzed various secondary sources (data central directory of companies in Galicia and Spain, data from the Input-Output Tables several CC.AA Spanish Panel data Technological Innovation, etc.) and built a database itself based on the information obtained medidante a questionnaire built for the purpose. The final sample contains information for 51 companies provedoras of SEIC and 184 businesses that use SEIC. Our results indicate that the growth of SEIC in the Galician economy shows characteristics common to those of any other economy, expressed the need for the system to acquire productive structures more flexible with regard to compete in a new economy where it becomes obsolete more quickly. Still, it is observed that the growth of these activities also shows specific product of the logic of functional and economic system that make regions centrales-metropolitanas appear in the knowledge-based economy as incubators such companies and providers of these services to other regions. Meanwhile, outlying regions might experience a growth to some extent dependent, with a bid that is less developed and difficulties, for example, to compete abroad. Also in the area of innovation were found evidence, though not definitive, nearly a role comparatively different from the SEIC in the innovation system to outlying areas. It should be noted, in this regard, the dramatic focus of formal innovation in the region as well as the Madrid essentially adaptive innovations made by the Galician companies in the sector. Still, it is necessary to highlight the active role of these companies under the heading of innovations, including in the Galician Innovation System, which makes key agent for improving the competitivad both the Galician economy to other economies peripheral .

Author: HERNÁNDEZ RODRIGUEZ JESUS ROBERTO.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA [More theses of this university] [www.upc.edu].
Place of defense: ETSEIB.
Place of preparation: EDIFICI C5 DESPATX: 003, PLANTA 0 ND.

Summary: This thesis deals from the perspective of the New Economic Geography a development model that incorporates local technological innovation as its main shaft but not unique. Moreover, so from a base of territorial analysis is a typology of the territories according to the principles of convergence known widely in the literature of economic growth and development as convergence and convergence Beta Sigma, in order to characterize these territories and from its location in what we could call a map of convergence, power articulating public policies that lead to a reduction in poverty and a greater dynamism in the territories. Currently, open economies assimilated innovation among other sources through foreign direct investment, international trade and interaction with the global economy, which is why the thesis includes an analysis of the results of the Free Trade in Americas Northern and its implications especially in the area of technological innovation. The innovation capacity of the territories is now a powerful tool for competitiveness. At the same time an analysis of educational policy and social development is another delos axes essential for economic development and particularly local development. In order finally, to be able to quantify the results in terms of technological innovation in Mexico, has built an econometric model of type probit probabilístico probit and ordered that measured the relationship between the main variables of technological innovation in the manufacturing industry in Mexico and finally apply some of the most relevant concepts analyzed along the thesis to a technology park in the State of Veracruz, Mexico to achieve faster growth in their territories.