INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY

Author: COLL CALDERON ELSA LOURDES.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FAC.CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The debate dollarization provides the main reason for this thesis. Instrumentation technician to assess monetary crisis that has continued this research has been the development by Krugman (1996). According to the author the source of currency crises should be sought mainly in the permanent deterioration trends of the key indicators. Probit Model results show that dollarization is not a factor that determines the occurrence of a crisis monetaria.La main reason is that the crisis generated by this research, where countries are key indicators weak and low international reserves in relation to the monetary liquidity. Some case studies of currency crises in some emerging economies dollarized complete this thesis and the corresponding literature relevant.

Author: SÁNCHEZ SÁNCHEZ CARLOS RAÚL.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: CC.ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC.ECONÓMIAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the microfinance programs and empowerment femenino.Entendemos that there is a causal link between these two variables such that the existence of microfinance programs allows obtaining female empowerment. These variables have been selected with the aim of combining economic efficiency units with units of social performance so that economic instruments give economic empowerment, individual and social whom the utilizen. Geographically, our study will be limited to Mexico where we believe that combining circumstances belonging to the era of globalization and modernity conusos and customs tradicionales.Siempre considering that these aspects (modernity and tradition) can be presented both independently and how interdependiente.En this regard we consider Mexico a scenario how feasible for the combination of economic efficiency with social performance. Within Mexico, Jalisco we have selected as one of the states that were both economic and cultural richness, but with a strong presence of factors tradicionales.De so that we have defined so attainable characteristics buscadas.Además within Jalisco in November 1999 May 2003. Our research, therefore, part dela assumption that the status of women improves through microfinance programs efficient and effective to do quelas activities carried out by them, essentially micro, are starting points for achieving the empowerment of women within the current conyuntura.

Author: AVILA ALVAREZ ANTONIO M..
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC. EE Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: CC. ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: Research carried out aims to demonstrate the importance that certain factors - space, the institutional apparatus, the legal system, closely interrelated-have for the proper performance of economic activities, factors neglected or marginalized in the formalistic analysis the flow neoclassical, prevailing today, and yet, with almost decisive in the formulation of economic policies, especially in defeniciones and applications of trade policies that develop in the States and that the geographical location and cultural systems and institutional it increasingly transcendence. Specifically discussed the methodology of a technique recently developed in the United States and France called geo-economics, for entendener fully the economic realities of the world and implementing international, once identified these techniques and their main features, the trade policy of the United States, European Union European and Spain as a country for a prototype average power. It was shown that this technique allows analysis to understand the basics of trade policy at present as it allows supplement the old, and still needed protection theory to the analysis of economic activity, a unit location and the role of States, which continue intervinien in international economic life, but not with protectionist objectives, but to promote corporate interests and improving the competitiveness of enterprises, which allows display the important role that the State continues to play in the economy royal, along with the emergence of new players, multinational organizations and universal and regional economic interrelationships dialectical, including marking international economic life.

Author: KEMPF ISABELL.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The evolution of thinking on poverty has been accompanied by growing evidence that social exclusion and ethnic discrimination are major causes of the same. This thesis proposes an alternative model for understanding the causes of poverty of indigenous peoples, which could be considered in future to design programs to reduce poverty. To this end, the central thesis addresses two questions: 1-Â What are the causes of poverty of indigenous peoples in this case of the Maasai in Kajiado, Kenya? 2-Â Are theories on poverty based on the needs / human development adequate to explain the poverty of indigenous peoples? Faced with these two questions the thesis is developed from a case study on the Maasai in Kenya, where it is proved beyond analysis for the theoretical and empirical evidence confirms the hypothesis, this confirms that the theories that describe poverty from level bienestar-calidad life based on an approach needs básicas-desarrollo human, can not adequately explain the causes of indigenous poverty. As the model proposed in this thesis empowerment, rights-based and provides the structural causes of poverty, it is best to explain the causes of poverty among indigenous peoples.

Author: MORENO Y VÁZQUEZ JULIA.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FAC. CC ECON, Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FAC. CC. ECON, Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: Based on a historical basis, I have tried to give an overview of the economic structure of the Philippines: an overview of the pre-Hispanic stage, through the discovery of peaceful and providing an in-depth look from the seventeenth century until our días.He analyzed natural resources, mineral resources, livestock, agriculture, in industry (mainly textiles and sugar), trade (especially the monopoly of Galeón Manila and the monopoly of snuff), the birth of the Philippine banking; the key role the Chinese traders especially after the transfer of sovereignty to Spain States Unidos.Tras this, a study of filipinización of colonial rule and the price of free trade in the twentieth century. Then, the Japanese conquest of the Philippines in 1942 and its consequences económicas.Después the liberation of the Philippines, the restoration of the Commonwealth and followed from the Philippines republics until the current administration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. All of this leads to analysis the causes of poverty in the Republic, taking historical background as the legacy left by Spaniards, Chinese, American and japoneses.He conducted a study of the extent, trend and correlation of poverty, as well as the strategy and policy development. He described the profile of the real poor and I have developed a classification of the provinces by incidence of poverty and IDH.Finalmente conclude with a series of promising prospects for the future with respect to the eradication of pobrezaen the archipielélago Filipino.

Author: MARINAS DEPASSE MIGUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: Hungary is a case in the economic transformation of Central Europe, with some special features that differentiate it from other countries. Specialized production and export has moved closer to existing structures in the less developed countries of 1 European Union, in part by the impetus received from multinational corporations operating in their territory. The growing significance of the export sectors with higher density technology, improvement in the results of the trade balance and the growth of intra-industry trade support the hypothesis of rapprochement higher than average level of the European Union. The direction of structural change can be seen in Hungary exports modern correspondlentes to lndustrlas intensive technology and human capital, with a high proportion of wages and human capital in the value added. The qualitative change in the sectoral specialization is based on the increase in intra-industry trade, a sign of modernización.de the Hungarian economy, while gues based lndustrial deJa appear new sectors emplezan to compete in foreign markets: information technology and telecommunications. Despite the less positive aspects of the transiclon and the costs and risks associated with the process of internacionali -zación of the Hungarian economy, trade liberalization and foreign direct investment in Hungary as well-integrated in the European Union are the elements key éxit in its development model, characterized by a pattern of sectoral specialization based on comparative advantages and new products and services of higher quality. The modernization reached tlene Sln embargo character provl -sionalidad and is not yet consolidated, based on element fragile and vulnerable nature of the external sector. Continuity in time of the modernization depends misdeed of the economic policies pursued by successive Hungarian governments and the European Union itself.

Author: Steinberg Wechsler Federico.
Year: 2005.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID.
Place of defense: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales,.
Place of preparation: Univerisdad Autónoma de Madrd.

Summary: Analysis of the effects of globalization commercial on national economic sovereignty of states and proposed to turn the WTO into a focal point for a future global economic governance and necessary. The theoretical framework analyzes patterns of international economic cooperation and determination of trade policy. The case studies focus on the desirability of expanding the WTO agenda to new issues not strictly commercial and analyzes the effects of the scheme on the WTO developing countries.

Author: Sayeras Maspera Jose.
Year: 2005.
University: RAMÓN LLULL.
Place of defense: ESADE.
Place of preparation: Escuela Superior de Administración y Dirección de Empresas ESADE.

Summary: This work was motivated by the growing number of international financial crises that occurred during the last decade (1995-2005) and the absence of a reference model that may explain these phenomena. The basic fact is that these are the consequence of decisions taken by economic agents. Any decision is not only based on purely economic criteria but incorporates institutional aspects. This work has had intended to carry out a study on the incidence of institutions (in the sense defined by Douglass North) for the resolution and management of a financial crisis home currency. This study is part of a wave of research in the field of Political Economy of financial crises and intended as a contribution to the expansion of the current knowledge straying into the ground institutional and decision-making. The analysis has been a case study with the following assumptions: three different historical periods, and therefore different institutions, both globally (existence of three different orders) as domestically, three exchange rate regimes different, although share as a main feature considerable degree of fixation, and that has been shaken by three different financial crises. These common characteristics led to confine the investigation to a particular territory. The choice fell upon a country "eternally fascinating": Argentina. The main conclusion is that the international monetary system has worked relatively well when all the players followed the same informal institutions. If you gave this requirement is exceeded successive crises develop new formal institutions or organizations and the enforcement was not necessary. In the other case, the creation of new formal institutions or organizations had no effect whatsoever and the whole world pressure not inhibiting the crisis, at best, delayed consistent with the negative effects on the real economy. Therefore, the informal institutions is a key element in its influence on the exchange rate regimes. Keywords: Financial crises, institutions, organizations, Meals on Exchange Rate, Economic History, Patron Gold, Bretton Woods No-Sistema.

Author: VAILLANT YANCY.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Author: GASOL MAGRIÑÀ ANTON.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: SALA DE GRADOS DE LA FACULTAT DE CIÈNCIES ECONÒMIQUES I EMPRESARIALS.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENT DE POLÍTICA ECONÒMICA I ESTRUCTURA ECONOMÓMICA MUNDIAL.

Summary: The Doctoral thesis focuses on the implications for the banking industry, for regulators and for all traders will have the adoption of Basel II, and it covered from a dual, more speculative theory and the first and the empirical observation second: 1-Implications in relation to the integrated management of risk from experiencing substantial development models internal risk measurement and related economic capital adequacy, as well as the establishment of mechanisms for measuring profitability adjusted to risk. 2-Implications in relation to strengthening the financial stability, based on the competence of the bank itself and the development of models of risk management, and in relation to improving the transparency of information as an element of market discipline.

Author: RUBIO PASTOR M. ÁNGELES.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC.EE. EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FAC. CC. ECONÓMICAS.

Summary: The general concept of sustainable development implies a balance between environmental conservation, economic efficiency and social equity. However, this widely accepted definition has not been translated into results homogeneous and considerable relevance. Sustainable development requires full integration across the existence of environmental protection into the actions of social and economic dimension. And it is precisely here that fails the realization of this development, because the integration mechanisms have not been addressed in the same way all influential factors in the circular medioambiente-economía-sociedad. Only tangentially have sought certain cultural factors that have led to cosmetic changes which, in fact, requires structural changes. The culture of a society is considered to define the type of development existete plays a decisive role which, until now, little has been taken into consideration. This thesis tries to show weakness in this approach and, to that end, the analysis focuses on rural areas, as a smaller area, which allows for the possibility of study, but at the same time contains the two central concepts: the need development - which has been relegated tradicionalmente- and the need for this to be sustainable-to continue to maintain the required balance with the natural environment that is the basis of their activities,. But, more specifically, is a comparative analysis between two objects of study, which, although they have in common a particular environmental wealth and the need to boost its socio-economic development, are separated by certain economic, social and cultural rights. This has been designed in two territories by two figures of natural protection, one in Spain, the nature reserve of the Sierras Subbéticas, and the other in Mexico, the Reserve Community of Santa Cruz Tepetotutla to observe how theories are realized intellectuals and public policy on clearly defined communities, and how each of the latter defined differently connection to the natural environment, in accordance with their own cultural patterns.

Author: DELGADO MARTINEZ IRMA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD CC. POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CC. POLÍTICAS YSOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: The thesis that the reader has in his hands, emerged to explain the concerns of the causes and factors that have combined to dramatically reduce the involvement of the Mexican government in social policy (PS) Â How to explain the transit of a PS nationalistic, to a PS neoliberal character? From the field of public policy, the PS took particular relevance in the global over the past few years, that as a result, among other things, from the severe economic crisis in the world as a result of the implementation of what known as the neo-liberal strategy. Economic reform of the State, in Mexico, was given without taking into account the necessary consensus dela Mexican society through broad and deep popular consultation, on the contrary, the decision was imposed unilaterally from the highest levels of power politico. Thus, soon made of the effects of the change in economic policy resulted in the field of institutions providing social services. This manifested itself immediately: massive loss of jobs, a drastic reduction in the purchasing power of wages, and a substantial increase in levels of poverty and social inequality. The PS Mexican raises a number of questions. The first consists in defining the role of the State, to the extent that the reform of state has raised the boundaries between it and the market, alluding to the problem of allocating social responsibilities. A second point is that today the PS is placed in a situation in which it has altered the parameters of social solidarity posrevolucionaria without any instituted new principles to be replaced. The nature of the new fundamentals certainly should be a point for discussion, especially since according to him will establish the criteria of equity and social policies and coverages.

Author: BENNETSS FERNÁNDEZ MARÍA DEL SOCORRO.
Year: 2005.
University: RAMÓN LLULL.
Place of defense: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE ADMINISTRACIÓN Y DIRECCIÓN DE EMPRESAS ESADE.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE ADMINISTRACIÓN Y DIRECCIÓN DE EMPRESAS ESADE.

Summary: It is believed that a Steering University exercised leadership, which is given by their personal characteristics and why practices dynamics of which is defined as transformational leadership. According to investigations, the legitimate power is enjoyed by Managers trained to exercise their authority to put together. In exercising authority with a transformational leadership, the Steering university may lead routing and non-personal interests, or group, but institutional. There is no evidence of the application of Leadership Transformacional in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Mexico, and specifically in public universities. It is interesting and useful to investigate the demonstrations of different styles of leadership, and the study of the construct 'authority' perceived by teachers, staff and managers autopercepciones of Directors. The investigation will be conducted to explore Academic Programs two public universities in Mexico, noting that one of them is among the most recognized in the country, and the second has recently emerged from a crisis situation, and that its recent period of transformation is . There are two lines of study, a theoretical interest, and another practical application. The interest focuses on validating the analytical tool of the theory of transformational leadership of Bass and Avolio (1995, 2000), as adapted to the context of Spanish Pascual and Villa (1993), "Questionnaire on Multifactorial Educational Leadership" in the context and reality of the Public Universities in Mexico. The validity of the instrument, not only theoretical but also empirical, to enlarge and strengthen the criteria of quality and effectiveness, they issued by the Inter-Agency Assessment Committees of Higher Education in Mexico (CIEES) regarding academic programs, the subject of study. From this conceptual stage would be the practical phase of the investigation. It should be the main task, based on the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, with the additions and modifications that provide statistical evidence, applying the model to research various dimensions of analysis enabling enrich the results and findings. One concrete result was expected of this study would lay the groundwork for developing a diagnostic tool adapted to the direction of universities in the context of Mexico, to identify leadership styles prevailing related to the process of improvement in the results of performance institutional. Finally it would be commendable be able to develop a series of suggestions, based on the analysis of the dimensions that the study allows for those academic programs in the same area of knowledge with which to diagnose low levels in the variables that comprise the transformational leadership, transformational , transactional, authority, and the outcome variables, starting with model programs or copies in the same variables. KEYWORDS: transformational leadership, authority, higher education, leadership, quality assessment, academic programs.

Author: SIMONIT SUBARROCA SILVIA.
Year: 2005.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS - UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICS Y EMPRESARIALES UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA.

Summary: In light of the lessons that can leave monitoring of the European integration process, in this thesis discusses asymmetries in the corporate income tax in the area of Latin America / MERCOSUR. The thesis explores the impact of taxation on growth and the impact and effects distorisvos that may arise on the location of investment. In order to avoid unfair tax competition, resulting in such a situation, some degree of tax harmonization would be advisable, particularly in areas associated with the principle jurisdictional double taxation, type, tax and fiscal incentives, among the countries participating in regional integration.

Author: GONZALEZ ALVARADO TANIA ELENA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC. ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC. ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The aim of the thesis is to present empirical evidence on which shows to what extent the company's agribusiness Mexican participants in Al-Invest program you can establish linkages with foreign firms, while generating employment and linked with other local businesses particularly in rural areas.

Author: FERREIRA DIAS GABRIEL SUSANA CRISTINA.
Year: 2005.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The argument raises the issue of the impact of immigration on the growth of the host country. He contends that they depend on the regime of growth characteristic of this and using a methodology combined formalization-analytical simulation gets conclusions relevant to develop economic policies.

Author: BENDOUDA FELLA.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA.
Place of defense: Dep. Economia y Ciencias Sociales.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects that could have a liberalizing agricultural trade caused by the entry into force of the Association Agreement between Algeria and the European Union. Particularly discusses the effects of increased imports from the EU on the agricultural sector. This increase in the importation serious immediate consequence of the lowering tariff specified in the agreement. To study the effects an analysis was made of the agricultural sector Algerian highlighting policies implemented by product yields, among other things. Likewise, we see the competitiveness of agricultural production compared to other countries in the Mediterranean basin and discusses the policy of tariff protection of the main products. But the most remarkable and innovative work is in the quantitative analysis of the main products imported by Algeria by the estimation of some import models. The results of the survey highlighted the lack of competitiveness and the critical situation facing agricultural production yields about insufficient to meet the needs of domestic consumption. Added to this the policy of protection-through direct payments and price barriers to free trade-applied since independence has been unable to solve this problem because of the aid provided directly to the prices of some products uncompetitive as wheat and meat, whereas it would have been better to offer less aid as a direct extension or infrastructure. Leaving direct aid to more competitive products such as dates. Finally, the investigation has revealed that the price of importation is an important factor that explains the changes of this. As a rebate significantly affect tariff on imports. And similarly affects state revenues.

Author: HERRERO PÉREZ SARA ANA.
Year: 2006.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN ORTEGA Y GASSET.

Summary: The promotion of tourism activities that might develop in rural areas is one of the objects of action of the public policies that seek to diversify the economy of rural areas. The theoretical goal of the same, is that the rural community is an ally in tourism that contributes to diversify and revive the economy woe rural society, constituting as a source of income, half of job creation complementary or alternative to agriculture and that also promotes cohesion and socio-economic fabric of rural areas, in a context of endogenous development, sustained and sustainable. On the other hand, rural areas have been points during decades of the tour, for which a relatively homogeneous demand was not sufficient to elect the attractions as a destination. But developments in the western tourist demand, and the European and Spanish in particular, when it comes to values and lifestyles, it was so sophisticated that we have moved away from the possibility of constructing a portrait robot itself as in previous decades. The issues that characterize the new consumer tourism will help us to check the extent to which the incentive institutional rural tourism represented mainly by the creation of accommodations, has collected part of this new tourism demand that believes in a renewed rural areas and the values associated with . Spain for its diversity and richness, natural, cultural, historical, architectural, culinary, etc.. Seems contain ingredients necessary for the expansion of rural tourism possible. In short, the object of study in this dissertation is the town and its relationship to development in areas where it generates. That is, if it is against public policy and trends in tourism demand have led to the birth of rural tourism and whether it has become a tool for rural development. Particularizados study spatially on a territorial and administrative concrete refers to an autonomous Spanish region: Castile and Leon and spatially between the years 1994 and 2004.

Author: VARELA LLAMAS ROGELIO.
Year: 2006.
University: CASTILLA-LA MANCHA.
Place of defense: FACU. DE CIEN. ECONÓ. Y EMPRESA. DE ALBACETE.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES DE ALBACETE.

Summary: This research analyzes the determinants of regional employment, as part of an econometric model that captures panel as explanatory variables, the externalities of expertise, productive diversity and competition. The theoretical approach that gives meaning to the empirical equation, focuses primarily on the contributions of Marshall (1890), Arrow (1962), Romer (1986.1990), Jacobs (1969), Porter (1990) and Glaeser et al. (1992). The study defines the analysis of six branches of the food industry in the 32 states that make up the geography of the Mexican economy. It considers the census information industry manufacturing 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2003. The results suggest that the change in personnel employed in the branches of diet depends positive growth experienced by the variable of people employed in the rest of the branches that make up the sub 31 food, beverage and snuff. It was also determined that there is no robust evidence regarding the positive impact that should generate about the growth of employed personnel, the externalities of specialization and productive diversity. It was also found that not all branches in an atmosphere of competition creates more jobs. With regard to the conditions of departure made to the model, it is determined that the remuneration report an inverse effect on employment. Keywords: employment growth, dynamic externalities, food industry, estimating panel.

Author: SÁNCHEZ ZEPEDA LEANDRO.
Year: 2006.
University: CASTILLA-LA MANCHA.
Place of defense: FACU. DE CIEN. ECONÓ. Y EMPRESA. DE ALBACETE.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES DE ALBACETE.

Summary: Today has regained interest among economists, sociologists and geographers the problem of the spatial distribution of private, public and the people. The world economy generally recorded an evolutionary process led by highly dynamic economic, financial and political, and in particular by a wealth of information that promotes the flow of capital, goods, people and ideas, thoughts and theories . Increasing interconnection of humanity worldwide pattern gives the new paradigm of economic and social globalization. In this context re-emerging as the old discussion of economic growth between countries, synthesized from different approaches to explain why some countries have higher growth rates than others. That line somewhere in the new theoretical proposal of endogenous development emerged in the years of 1970, whose central goal is to provide an alternative answer to traditional theories about the development. Now it is in the local environment where entrepreneurs, organizations, institutions, civil society and create a space for cultural understanding that makes the cell territory of capitalism. In this thesis is taken up this new design of the territory, being the main objective analyzing, and if necessary to clarify the conditions from which the wine industry becomes a determinant of endogenous development for the Valley of Guadeloupe and The Manchuela. Keywords: Economic growth, endogenous development, territory, industrial district, external economies, wine industry, and The Valley of Guadeloupe Manchuela.