LIVESTOCK FORESTRY AND FISHERIES

Author: FREIJEIRO ÁLVAREZ ANA BELÉN.
Year: 2003.
University: VIGO [www.uvigo.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS E EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC. ECONÓMICAS E EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: This dissertation deals with the study of management systems that regulate fishery resources under the umbrella of the New Institutional Economics. The first chapter explains the theoretical foundations of the New Institutional Economics and describes the major work done in the fishing industry under this approach. In the absence of a scheme análissi specific to the study of the management of fishery resources in Chapter II creates a new analytical framework that integrates the key institutional elements and which can address the various problems of fishery resources from the perspective of NEI.Este scheme analysis consists of the rules, Transactions, actors, governance structures and costs of transación.Estos elements are interrelcionados and in the same social space we call the institutional arena . In an attempt to illustrate this analytical framework, in the second part of this dissertation is an application to the fishery Great Sun. Indeed, as previous theoretical framework, in the third chapter takes place characterization of the fishery Great Sun, noting the most significant institutional scenario that defines the fishery. In chapter IV, identify and classify costs trasacción generated by the management of fishing rights in the stock of Great Sol.A then discusses the alternative management systems existing in this fishery: a system cooperacionista where fishermen transferred management of their rights to their associations and a liberalized system where fishermen managed individually their fishing rights. With the tools provided by the game theory show as both management systems are optimized to carry out the redeployment of the rights of pesca.A from an analysis of the transaction costs generated by a liberalized system, we can explain the elcción of fishermen with a system cooperacionesta, the latter being the sitema which generates lower costs. Also, the análissi of lso transaction costs generated by a system cooperacionesta allows us to qualify for this efficient management system and minimizing transaction costs with respect to a liberalized system. En el capítulo , se utiliza el marco de análisis propuestos para mostrar tres caso en los que el escenario institucional , ha efectado al comportamiento delos distintos actores.En primer lugar,se anliza la decisión de la abministración española al suprimir un sistema de cuotas individuales y tranferibles.En segundo lugar,se estudian las estrategias de quota hopping seguidad por los pescadores españoles en la década de los ochenta.Y en el último caso, se analiza el proceso de concentración de las asociaciones españolas que agrupan a la flota de Gran Sol.

Author: CASTILLO CAMACHO ROBERTO DEMIÁN.
Year: 2003.
University: POMPEU FABRA [www.upf.edu].
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMÍA Y EMPRESA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD POMPEU FABRA.

Summary: The thesis examines the OJ from various angles, using various theories and methodologies such as: economics of law, theory of transaction costs, industrial organization and marketing. The thesis has its roots in game theory, industrial organization and the economy neo-institucional, using various tools such as case analysis and econometrics to explore qualitative and quantitative empirical evidence. The party is based on empirical data, compiled by the author of designations of origin Spanish wine both at the aggregate level and at the level of the participants, growers and bottlers. The first chapter uses game theory to construct a mathematical model and, through him, to discover the underlying economic rationality in the choice of various institutional arrangements in the agricultural industry. The model focuses on two independent firms which choose to compete freely, as a fully integrated cooperative or semi-integrarse as an appellation. The author in this chapter demonstrates arguments for the existence of OJ. The second chapter looks from the perspective of transaction costs, what are the factors that determine the structure of governance of the DO, according to reflect the terms of its incorporation regulations, and how this governance structure affects its performance. Using the theory of transaction costs clarifies and enriches the analysis and understanding of the regulations of the OJ. The study found evidence, for example, how the number of participants as well as the positioning of the product affects the mechanisms of governance such as coordination, anti-oportunismo and oversight structure, and how this relates to the performance of the DO. Finally, the third chapter deals with an effect known in marketing as "the effect of country of origin", which considers the influence that the origin of the product is about quality "understood" by the consumer. A model of game theory was built to represent this effect and analyzes how influences profits, quality and prices of the companies, as well as their variations. This is the first attempt to study this effect marketing using solid economic foundations. We test the model using data on designations of origin Spanish wine and the results show that the effect exists, but also explain how, the effect has a positive impact on the prices and quality of the products as an appellation and also variations in price and quality rise. The contributions of the thesis are mainly four: (1) the esistencia a hybrid organization as it is an appellation of origin in agriculture may be optimal both social and private sources. (2) transaction costs influence how the OJ establishes its structure of governance (3) quality is the main objective of the DO, as demonstrated by the relationship between the structure of governance and performance. (4) Finally, there is evidence that the OJ are used by consumers as indicators of quality of the individual products within the DO.

Author: RIESGO ÁLVAREZ LAURA.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO [www.uniovi.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: Irrigated agriculture is influenced directly by various EU policies, especially the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the water policy, set out in the Water Framework Directive (WFD). So while the future of the CAP shows a clear trend towards the liberalization of agricultural markets, advocating an improvement in the competitiveness of European agriculture, the DMA obliges all EU member states, to develop rates that reflect volumetric for roughly the cost associated with water services. As a result, one can see how the pricing of irrigation water proposed by the DMA will affect the competitiveness of agricultural producers, demonstrated the potential conflict arising from the implementation of both policies. In this regard, the objective of this work is to examine the interrelationships between the two European policies, and his influence on the areas regables Basin of Douro. In particular, he examines the influence that originates joint implementation of various scenarios of agricultural policy and tarifición water hazard (depending on the guidelines contained in the DMA) on various indicators of sustainability (economic, social and environmental), subject to determine the future viability of this type of production systems. To achieve this goal has been chosen by conducting simulations via mathematical programming models developed within the paradigm of the theory of Decision Multicriteria. The proposed methodology has been implemented in 7 areas regables representing Basin Douro. It should also be noted that these simulations have been performed on a differential for each of the homogeneous groups of irrigators differentiated in each irrigable area, the object of reducing esgos inherent in the joint modeling of the study area. The results obtained at Basin show that agricultural policy is more effective than water policy to achieve economic goals (maintenance of farm income and the contribution of the same GDP), social (increase employment in rural areas and declining seasonality of the agricultural labor force) and environmental (saving water, maintenance of biodiversity, reduction in the use of agrochemicals, the risk of erosion and energy balance associated with irrigation) pursued by the policy makers. This work also shows that, if JI would require the coordination of both policies to ensure that it is entering into contradiction and result in counterproductive results. Indeed, the implementation of the CAP in a certain sense, it can enhance the positive effects generated by the pricing of irrigation water, while minimizing its negative effects. KEYWORDS Irrigated Agriculture, Sustainability Common Agricultural Policy, Water Framework Directive, Decision Theory Multicriteria, Cuenca del Duero.

Author: LÓPEZ BALDOVÍN MARÍA JOSÉ.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRÓNOMOS Y DE M..
Place of preparation: ESCUELA DE INGENIEROS AGRÓNOMOS.

Summary: Irrigated agriculture is influenced directly by various EU policies, in particular the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD). So while the first available tools for the maintenance of farm income (intervention on the markets and direct payments to producers), setunda affects their development imposing rules that promote more sustainable agriculture, such as the introduction by 2010 of measures charging for the water needed to provide incentives to water users for the efficient use of the resource. This reflects an increasing complexity in the environment of irrigated agriculture, which needs more than ever studies to assist in the optimization of resources, and here comes in the economics of production. Therefore, we need to design a tool capable of simulating planning crops from irrigators in the context of long-term, in order to enable the inclusion of trees (olive groves and fruit trees) in the distribution of crops, and inthe plans investment farmers, the shift to more efficient irrigation systems. Secondly, the aim is to analyze the evolution of a number of indicators in context or different scenarios for the future, arising from possible changes in environmental and agricultural policy. Achieving these objectives will be achieved through this task: 1. Description of the technical and socio-economic environment of the study area. 2. Creating a typology of farmers, medianta analysis cluster. 3. Modeling etáticos multicriteria to simulate a policy of charging into the water in the short term. 4. Select indicators of sustainability in agriculture. 5. Simulate a policy of charging in the water (Static Analysis). 6. Develop models to simulate the implementation of a number of scenarios for the future in the long term (Dynamic Analysis). 7. Define hypothetical scenarios of agricultural policy and under the water to make the simulation. 8. Scenario Analysis in the midst of irrigated valley guadalquivir.

Author: BRIZ DE FELIPE TERESA.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID [www.upm.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS AGRÓNOMOS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE MONTES.

Summary: This doctoral thesis attempts to give an overview of the field of organic products from producer to consumer, analyzing their impact on the development of marginal areas. It has sought to encompass the entire value chain of the product, not only focusing on aspects partial or some element of it. To this end, surveys were conducted personal or telephone operators of the three links in the food chain: production, distribution and consumption, to ascertain the status of the sector, the distribution network and the profile of the Spanish consumer. In Spain, unlike in other countries of the environment, the market for organic products is in its infancy. Once extrídas findings, this study extrapolate them to a possible development in producing areas. Organic farming in developing countries can enhance the food security of supply and boost domestic markets, while that may be encouraging the export of these products to the first world. The organic farming is not just a way of production, but that implies other aspects that affect the quality of life for farmers and their families and integrated rural development.

Author: PERIS MOLL ELENA MARÍA.
Year: 2004.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Economia y Ciencias Sociales.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The purpose of this dissertation is a study of the economic viability of organic farming techniques and integrated applied to the cultivation of citrus in the Valencia region. The choice of this theme has been based on the growing interest in respect for the environment, as well as the achievement of quality standards and food safety within the European Union, especially after the crisis occurred recently in this regard. The thesis is based on two objectives: firstly, to identify the differences in production costs between conventional cultivation techniques, integrated and environmentally, as well as cost items responsible for these differences. On the other hand, the study of the economic viability in the long-term cultivation of citrus in Valencia through the use of these techniques. It has reviewed the current status of citrus cultivation. First, it has analyzed the evolution of the CAP, since the early productivist approaches to the current concern about the sustainability with the inclusion of the AEM. Then there has been a relationship of the law and disciplinary production involving both organic farming as IP. The next step for the achievement of the objectives has been conducting a study of production costs, after examination of the populations of citrus conventional, ecological and integrated in the Community of Valencia for the subsequent design of the sample under study. Starting with the field work, we have identified the items responsible for the differences in costs between cultivation techniques, primarily through the application of multivariate statistical analysis methods. The second goal, or study the viability of sustainable systems in the long term, has been carried out through the use of dynamic evaluation techniques investment in its development has been essential information from the study of production costs, specifically net operating margins for each of the systems to be analyzed, as well as other data from the surveys, including parks characteristic machinery, farming practices as cultivation technique, and even models of exploitation. Finally, the thesis is completed with the consideration of the effect of inflation on economic and financial analysis of investments object of interest, while reflecting the realities of agriculture.

Author: NAVARRO RIOS MARIA JESUS.
Year: 2004.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE [www.umh.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE ORIHUELA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE ORIHUELA DEPARTAMENTO DE TECNOLOGÍA AGROALIMENT.

Summary: The aim of this thesis has been to conduct a study of socio-economic characterization of production systems goats in the region. The tool used for data collection has been the survey. We have conducted 95 polls through a system of stratified random sampling. First has been addressed using descriptive statistical analysis parameters com average range of variation, and standard deviation. The technique has been applied Analysis Multivariante called Factorial analysis with the aim of reducing the high dimensionality of the data item. There have been three factors (Guidance Intensive Dairy, Livestock and Dimension Meat production) behind a 71.76% of the total variance. Based on the scores obtained factorials has done a classification of farmers through a Cluster Analysis of K-medias. It obtuvierón four conglomerates. The group most numerous (43.16% of total). Within groups especializción dairy those who cast worst productive results. The second group (31 ranchers, 32.63% of the total) is defined as the group of smaller explorations that market milk and usually weaning kids for meat. The third group (15 ranchers, 15.79% of the total) includes ranchers extensive meat production, either by owning aptitude goat meat, either because of sheep ranchers also hold some troops goats in their herds. The fourth group, the smaller (7 ranchers, 7.37%), defines holdings of large demensiones that market milk and destetan kids. This is the group of specialized dairy that produces better results productive.

Author: MORA GONZALEZ MARCOS GERMAN.
Year: 2004.
University: MIGUEL HERNÁNDEZ DE ELCHE [www.umh.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE ORIHUELA.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITECNICA SUPERIOR DE ORIHUELA (UNIVERSIDAD MIGUEL HERNANDEZ).

Summary: The attitudes, perceptions of quality and consumer preferences in the provinces of Alicante and Valencia regarding wines Designation of Origin (OD) of the Community of Valencia (HP) is the objective of this study. To achieve this objective was implemented a survey of 717 people, according storied province, producing and non-producing zone and age. The data analysis was developed using one hand, a descriptive analysis univariable (measures of central tendency and dispersion) and on the other hand, multivariate analysis (factor analysis, cluster analysis, joint analysis and structural equation analysis). The main results of this research indicate that there is a degree of knowledge spontaneous relatively low-OJ Valencia, half in the case of OJ Alicante and high regard of the OJ Utiel - Requena. The frequency of consumption of these wines, in general, is casual and consumption in moderate amounts. In wines OJ Alicante and OJ Valencia consumers appreciate the price that they have, in both wines OJ Utiel - Requena better appreciate what consumers is the image of this OJ On the other hand, have succeeded in identifying 4 market segments, based on the attitude of consumers towards wine OJ ( "Aware", "Escépticos", "Etnocentristas" and "Traditional"). With regard to preferences toward OJ attributes, price and macrodenominación (hypothetical attribute which aims to cover all three OD), consumers in developing its intention to purchase attach greater importance on price, followed by OJ And ultimately macrodenominación. Regarding the attitude of consumers towards wines OJ Will notes that this can be explained through cognitive and emotional dimensions (positive and negative), and also demonstrates that a positive attitude towards wine OJ Increasing the likelihood of purchase. Moreover, it is found that the perceived quality of wines OJ The Cv It can be explained through extrinsic and intrinsic attributes. In conclusion, it is suggested that the actions associated with commercial wines OJ The Cv They should consider the increased awareness of these wines in the population, directing their efforts toward communication in the form differentiated segments found, considering that for the development of a positive attitude towards wine OJ It is necessary to reinforce the positive emotional and cognitive dimension, as well, considering that the quality of perceived depending on extrinsic and intrinsic signals.

Author: Badia Roig Carmina.
Year: 2005.
University: GIRONA [www.udg.es].
Place of defense: Departament d'Organització.
Place of preparation: Universitat de Girona.

Summary: In theory, since Krugman (1991) or Venables (1996) provides a general explanation of the phenomena of industrial agglomeration, but they agriculture, which acts as a force of dispersion, is represented by a single product, such so that there are no predictions on agglomeration of crops, or explanation of the role of agriculture space, as this can be replaced by any other centrifugal force without the model results are altered. However, the Spaniards were found irrigation measures geographic concentration of crops similar to those associated with the agglomeration phenomena in industrial location. To advance the study of the spatial concentration of crops, has been chosen the case of the apple pear and peach in Lleida, from 1962 to 2000.Se has meant that potential agglomeration phenomena might explain the spatial concentration are similar in these crops, given the production technology and the surfaces of the same. The agglomeration conjeturada of these crops in Lleida has explicao based on a gradation of crops according to their income, competing for the limited spaces of irrigation. The evolution of this phenomenon has been studied by techniques of balance and spatial analysis shift-share found a pattern of behavior distinct space between the apple and pear on the one hand and on the other peach. In the case of technical shift-share has shaped the differential impact as a result of a zero-sum game, and suponien that transferencials effects are more likely to regions closer, it has advanced an explanation of transfers surface which occurred between 1962 and 2000. The difference found in the distitno behavior space such crops has been attributed to the susceptibility of each crop to be preserved firgoríficamente. It has developed a model that relates increases in capacity in the refrigeration industry and area, and has been found in studying the case of Lleida, which until a deteminado threshold (20,000 ha) of the provincial industry did not develop cold . Once past that threshold almost all the increase can be attributed to cold deferred consumption, showing the importance of the refrigeration industry in the explanation of the largest geographic concentration of apple and pear in Lleida, in the case of which serves as a peach reference to the contrast.

Author: GARCIA MESANAT GREGORIO.
Year: 2005.
University: VALENCIA [www.uv.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAT D'ECONOMIA.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA.

Summary: This thesis is based on the assumption that the sustainability of a destination determines their competitiveness within the market. The planning and management of a tourist destination needs a good indicator system. The definition of a system of indicators and the information needed to auditarlo is based on the three components of the sostenibiilidad: economic, socio-cultural and environmental. In the current environment in the tourism sector, with the strategy of internationalization of business, the levels of competitiveness of the destinations are growing and are seeking comparisons of best practice among competitors establishing "leadership", both real and "spare "between destinations. The development of a model to determine the carrying capacity of the local population and tourists, subjective component, as well as the use Benchmarking allows establish and publicize the competitiveness of destinations within a frame of reference, and identify new market opportunities reflecting acting as other destinations. The model assesses the sustainability of a destination tried out in sixteen destinations in Spain. The survey results show interesting differences in the components of sustainability of each of the destinations, identifying areas for improvement in order to achieve competitive advantages with competitors. Keywords: load capacity, sustainability indicators, competitiveness, tourism destinations, tourism, Spain.

Author: LESKOVAR MARIO LEOPOLDO.
Year: 2005.
University: LLEIDA [www.udl.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE LLEIDA - AEGERN.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE LLEIDA - FACULTAD DE DERECHO Y ECONOMIA.

Summary: The High River Valley Black and Neuquén concentrated 80% of the horticultural production in Argentina. The 60% of the total production of apple and pear is sold fresh for merado internal (25%) and exports (35%) and the rest used in the industry concentrated juices and cider. The acreage of apple, 70% is occupied by traditional varieties (Red Delicious and Granny Smith). In pears, Williams and Packhm's Triumph share the top position with a share of more than 80% of total production. The fruit production in the region of the Black River Valley High and Neuquén stretches from January to May, a period in which the European production is nil. At present, all of the fruit is sold fresh is kept in cold rooms, whether conventional cold and / or controlled atmosphere, to marketing. In recent years, both producers and warehouse operators are facing greater uncertainty about price developments along the campaign must make decisions in a context of increasing risk. To reduce uncertainty, the objective of this PhD thesis has been to develop a useful methodology that would allow you to producers and warehouse operators of traditional varieties of apple and pear High River Valley Black and Neuquén best marketing decisions. As for any measure of profitability is necessary to have information from both income and expenditure, this work has dealt with the study of the two components. From the point of view of prices, even assuming that prices facing producers and stockholders are identical (assuming operating under conditions of perfect competition, and therefore players are precio-aceptantes) has been given a major effort to design the most appropriate methodology for predicting its evolution in the short and medium term, given the importation available. In this sense, comparing the predictions obtained by various quantitative methods with those provided by experts in the field. On the expenditure side, and unlike the prices charged, the cost structure varies between stores, which can generate large differences in terms of profitability. That is why, in this thesis, the proposed approach was applied to different types of stores obtained from their entrepreneurial characteristics, technological and commercial. Our results indicate some correlation between the size and style of business enterprises, to appreciate, also a remarkable importance of the fixed costs because such establishments require high investments. However, these costs are minimized when the actual occupancy averaged close to the installed reducing its idle capacity regardless of the technology used. With regard to predictions made in Argentina, where the market is unstable quantitative models predict better than the experts and highlight those where there is greater momentum in prices. As for the economic returns the most export-oriented are the ones who get the greatest benefit despite incurring higher costs. From the point of view of the evolution of margins decisions taken producers based on their expectations are similar to those obtained with prices had predicted (which gives an idea of the kind of approach) suggesting concentrate sales in recent months of the year. The stores with greater diversification in terms of the fate of the larger production and have an increased ability to obtain better margins.

Author: LARREINA DIAZ MIGUEL.
Year: 2005.
University: DEUSTO [www.deusto.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The aim of the thesis has been submitted to show that the strong growth experienced by the Rioja region in recent years has been spectacular boom Rioja wine, a sector from which the region is heavily dependent. The study refers to the territory of the PDO Calificada Rioja, not the eponymous Autonomous Region. Despite the socio-economic importance of wine in Rioja, the scientific literature on the product or on the regional macroeconomics had not addressed the relationship between wine and the economic structure and development of society in Rioja. Therefore, the research presented is completely novel, the first being that analyzes the dependence of society and the economy concerning the La Rioja wine Rioja. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first of these, in turn divided into three themes, focusing the analysis, carried out precise definitions and providing the theoretical of the thesis. It describes the region and discusses its economic structure and growth model, pointing out the structural differences between Rioja and the other Spanish regions. In addition, the first part also presents a brief historical summary dela Rioja wine, in order to emphasize that the wine has been over the past few centuries has been an element defining the landscape and Rioja has given the region a part of his personality . Thereafter, the substrate is exposed theoretical and conceptual analysis. It affects the basic concepts of work: economic geography, industrial district, the agro-food complex, the input-output tables and valuing financial companies. The second part of the thesis contains six chapters in the outcome of the investigation. Thus, the present conception of Rioja which proposes and the analysis we conducted its relationship with the region Rioja. Analysis of the Rioja and its interrelationship with the region as a whole leads us to interpret riojana society as a series of socio-economic successive layers, which surround the core of the wine sector, and gradually move away from him until relate to social actors economic and apparently very separate. In this way, they will be commenting on various concepts with which to study the wine sector Riojan: cluster, district Enópolis. Finally, a dozen pages summarizing contributions at work and give us the same conclusion: the wine sector is responsible for the recent economic growth in Rioja and without it the region is heading for a strong socio-economic crisis.

Author: BERNAL CUENCA MARÍA ESTRELLA.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CC. EE. Y EMPRESARIALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC. EE. Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The development of Los Monegros, has been traditionally based on the development of rep.dío. This vision of development is rooted in the principles regeneracionistas Joaquin Coast. However, the economic trend, both regionally, nationally and internationally, has become more complex reality of rural development in general, and particularly in Los Monegros. This more complex socio-along with the emerging environmental assessment, today offered very different perspectives in addressing the challenges of sustainability chairing priorities century a'Xl. Consider the sustainability of development options for Los Monegros, requires a socio-economic and environmental analysis, in which ecosystems and the socio-economic system must be understood in constant interaction and mutual conditioning, according to the concept coevolucionario of Noorgard (1994); is Thus, an integrated approach to address the socio-economic system in the territory inspired by the prospect ecointegradora of Naredo. The evolution of society and the relationships between it and the environment depend on the evolution of the institutional framework, in turn, closely linked to the values that society assume. The variability of ethical values us with an uncertainty impossible to solve, which is known as structural uncertainty, a feature of complex systems, and emerging presenting thoughtful approach postnomial of Funtowicz and Ravezt. To manage this uncertainty, we have chosen to develop a methodology scenarios archetypal (Gallopin I997). Designed on the basis of two axes of sensitivity ethics, one based on an awareness of social and environmental one. In the design and valuation of these scenarios has taken a participatory approach, based on focus groups. This, following approaches Munda (2002), extending the research community to the social partners (democratization of knowledge). From this methodology is to capture, in a first phase, different values at stake and the criteria for assessing social, environmental and economic that the Territory's population prioritizes. Prior to the construction of the scenarios, is a study of the physical and environmental context of the territory, as well as a rigorous analysis histórico-institucional. As for the analysis of the physical framework, the use of a geographic information system for the study of territorial restrictions, it is indeed an element that introduces methodological rigor in the determination of what should be certain limits to development options. As regards the analysis histórico-institucional, the introduction of in-depth interviews with various actors of the territory (inhabitants and institutional players), allows complete historical sources that lead us to understand the current situation. On this basis, it comes to identifying the main driving forces-both those that are operating from the past, such as those emerging today, as well as calls uncertainties critics whose various resolutions would open the way to the different scenarios archetypal. The design of these possible paths will lead us to develop the respective narratives, leading to the corresponding scenarios; narratives to be validated in its consistency and plausibility, in the dynamic participatory by focus groups. The valuation of the various scenarios is conducted in three phases: a technical in nature, through the corresponding impact matrix; participatory nature of a second, in the focus groups, and a third that will consist of an integrated assessment, submitted to the relevant conclusions final of this thesis. This work contributes 8 per tant 46c, or a methodology to address the challenges of sustainability in a given territory, in this case Los Monegros, corno a matter of making decisions between different possible futures development for the area, clarifying the options Future (scenarios) and the possible consequences in the medium and long term, the decisions; feedback that development process, reflection and assessment with citizen participation through the focus groups.

Author: BOUZAIDA MOHAMED AMIR.
Year: 2005.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS.

Author: GRANADOS ROJAS LEONARDO GABRIEL.
Year: 2005.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNIA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.

Summary: In Costa Rica does not operate a system of appellations of origin, however, have been identified food products that potentially features of appellation of origin, and 200 have been approved "Act marks and other distinctive signs", which introduces the concept and regulations in the art. Several agencies Costa Ricans from different areas, both government and the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Foreign Trade, the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Council of Production: private, as the Chamber of Exporters of Costa Rica, the House of lA Food Industry and the National Chamber of Agriculture and Agro-industry, academic institutions such as the University of Costa Rica, international cooperation organizations like the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture and several producer organizations, have expressed interest in establishing in the country system appellations of origin, as a means for the protection and promotion of domestic products in the domestic and international markets and mechanisms as a contribution to the development of rural regions of the country. Based on this scenario, we launched an investigation in 2001, which in its first phase, held in the Engineering department Agroforestry of the Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, included a preliminary study on the feasibility of set in Costa Rica, the system of appellations of origin for food products. The study concluded that the country has favorable conditions, the existence of potential products and a favorable valuation towards these products, but must conform to the current legal framework does not collect sufficient conditions for the operation of the system and should begin in-depth investigations pair wing characterization products. The second phase of the investigation, which is the present investigation was made with you aim to contribute to the establishment in Costa Rica's system of appellations of origin for agricultural products and foodstuffs, both in the legal field, through the formulation of a Additional legislative proposal to the Law on Trademarks, as with the study of a product, according to the principles and criteria of the concept of appellation of origin. This phase was developed in Costa Rica, in the Directorate of Marketing and Agribusiness of the National Council of Production, with the financial support of the Agenda for Development of Rural Agroindustry Latin America and the Institute Interamerciano for Cooperation and Agriculture thanks for the wings scholarships Spanish Agency for Cooperation. The project has been organized and led by doctoral candidate under the leadership of Dr academic. Carlos Alvarez Lopez, Professor, Department of Engineering Agroforestry at the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain since its inception to completion. For the formulation dela legislative proposal, it formed a technical group multidiscplinario composed of qualified representatives of the public sector bodies and private functions with Costa Rica in areas related to the research topic. Through a sequence of sizes, the group discussed the current national legislation on designations of origin and proposed new conditions técnico-legales for system operation in the country. Based on these results, drafted a proposal for a national regulation for appellations of origin, by hiring legal services. The document contains provisions concerning the overall organization of the system, actors, requirements and technical and administrative procedures for the study, application and registration of products. In considering the product was selected Cheese Turrialba, a traditional product manufactured around 8250 peq b3a ueñas family units from milk produced on the farm using artisanal methods (use of raw milk and in full) and 12 small industrial plants, using a more sophisticated (cream-skimming and pasteurization of milk), located in the Santa Cruz region in the canton of Turrialba, which is the foundation of the local economy. The study of the product included the following steps for determining the geographical area of production of milk and cheese manufacturing, its specific features and its relationship to human factors and natural geographical environment: 1-Recate of local and traditional knowledge, through participatory activities with producers, interviews with key informants and location of unpublished documents. 2-d Collecting information on the characteristics of the system of milk production and the method of manufacture of cheese (survey) in a representative sample of craft and industrial units. 3-Study receipt of the consumer, through a survey of image and consumption of cheese with consumers in the main metropolitan area of Costa Rica. 4-Determination of the physicochemical characteristics, sensory and microbiological status of samples of the product. 5-Review and validation of results by a committee of local producers and representatives of public institutions. Based on the information obtained was drafted a proposal for "Terms of reference of the PDO cheese Turrialba, which was handed over to local producers. Finally, it felt the activities and obtained an economic assessment at the level of prior study of the costs of establishing the system of appellations of origin level producer. It was concluded that there is a high feasibility for the implementation of the designation of origin of the product, both in their qualities and their territorial link, for the strong interest delos producers and local organizations, which could lead to an increase in demand and the price of the product. However, further investigation is required in the adaptation of production units, in improving product quality and in organizing the local supply. The investigation has contributed to the development methodology for the study of future domestic products with potential for designation of origin.

Author: LORENZANA FERNÁNDEZ ROBERTO.
Year: 2006.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA [www.usc.es].
Place of defense: ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS Y EMPRESARIALES.

Summary: The thesis examines the long-term trend of structural change in the holdings of cattle and, in particular, those in the past twenty years based on micro-census surveys and structures. The number of cattle farms has been reduced to one fifth of the initials, which contrasts with a decline of slightly more than teaching livestock. El tamaño medio ha crecido en una proporción similar, pues el aumento del censo ha sido moderado, pero sigue teniendo una pequeña dimensión con sólo 11 vacas por explotación, que están también limitadas en su base territorial (9,3 ha de SAU), al having lost most of the use of grazing land in Mt. In the last two decades has intensified the degree of adjustment in the number of farms and occupied, while there was a shift in the orientation of production, curbed the expansion of the production of milk and meat recover slightly, although most as a refuge for farm milk in the process of phasing-out, as a genuine reorientation productive. The typology of holdings according to their economic viability and demographic determines that most of them have a fragile situation for lack of a successor or their low economic dimension. A quarter have no successor, the other half is not viable because of its low economic dimension, depending on their survival family deñ supplement income from other activities and pensions, and there are only a scant quarter of farms which are economically viable and having succession. The explanatory factors for the high degree of adjustment recorded are accused degree of aging of the employed, the deterioration in margins unit by the decline in the price of products, the shift to other activities in some of the youngest and neglect advance the activity, especially in milk, which has been encouraged by the agricultural policies of early retirement and sale of shares. The impacts of adjustment has several dimensions: economic, with the reduction of overall income in the last two decades and a high degree of concentration in the larger farms; social, with the loss of incumbency and a situation of marginality largely the holdings in the absence of either increased their income in other activities; territorial, with the disappearance of beef in a large part of western and southern Galicia and environmental, for the two extreme high degree of escalation in farm milk higher size and the consequences of abandoning much of the territory with greater vulnerability to fire.

Author: AROCA LUJÁN ENRIQUE.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Economia y Ciencias Sociales.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The wine sector is deeply rooted in the past from Valencia, and although its economic importance is not very relevant (constitutes 5.2% of total sales in the regional food industry), has a significant social significance (the cooperative represents nearly 70% in the upstream marketing), territorial and environmental (including many disadvantaged areas and mountainous with few alternatives other crops). On the other the imbalance between supply and demand for wine is causing a sharp decline in prices at source which is essentially fall in the sub-producing grapes, which in many cases is getting an income of less than production costs. In this context, the main objectives of this Doctoral Thesis: on the one hand, determining the competitive position of the sub-regional wine, and secondly to determine the factors influencing the quality of wines in its close relationship with the commercial value and differentiation of the same, with the ultimate aim of identifying those areas that could further contribute to improving the competitiveness of it, and in particular the factors associated with higher-order via price and quality. The competitive position of the regional wine industry has been summarized: a) in terms of endogenous and exogenous factors that influence it, using the known model dafo b) as the determinants that make up the model of diamond Porter. The intensity or competitive rivalry between the companies making up the subsector has been defined in the format of the five forces Porter. It was concluded by both models a) and b), that the competitive situation of the subsector is weak, in the sense that most companies are unable to add value to its products marketed in bulk. On the other hand, high competition obs

Author: GUARDIOLA WANDEN-BERGUE JORGE.
Year: 2006.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: ETEA.
Place of preparation: ETEA.

Summary: The free-trade treaty CAFTA is a sane trade between Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and the United States. Food security is the ability of individuals to access sufficient safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences in order to lead an active and healthy life. In Guatemala there is a significant problem of food insecurity. According to estimates by the Organization of the United Nations Food and Agriculture (FAO), the number of undernourished people in Guatemala has increased in recent years, multiply by two in the period: 2000-2002 in respect of 1990-1992, rising from 16% to 24% of undernourished people in the total population. In this context, this paper provides mainly an analysis of the factors that allow households vulnerable to food insecurity market the crops that are benefiting and hurt by agricultural liberalization of CAFTA. The results serve as a guide for decision-makers to develop strategies to combat lead to food insecurity. To do so, the value is estimated by incorporating a probit model interactions, and defines a 10-fold to see if it could be considered that the model classified well enough (determining the Producer's and User's Accuracy). In addition, the report describes a model of agricultural development in Central America and the adequacy of CAFTA to it, offering a picture of the overall framework of development and the evolution of the same to help them to vulnerable households in the global context. It outlines the concept of food security, its implications in the context of sustainable livelihoods, and the highlights in Guatemala. In addition, it performs a descriptive analysis of the state of food insecurity of households Guatemalans.